Parity proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem based on the 24 rays of Peres

A diagrammatic representation is given of the 24 rays of Peres that makes it easy to pick out all the 512 parity proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem contained in them. The origin of this representation in the four-dimensional geometry of the rays is pointed out.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures and 3 tables. Three references have been added. Minor typos have been correcte

ERTS: A multispectral image analysis contribution for the geomorphological evaluation of southern Maracaibo Lake Basin

Multispectral analysis of ERTS-A images at scales of 1:1,000,000 and 1:500,000 has been conducted with conventional photointerpretation methods. Specific methods have been developed for the geomorphological analysis of southern Maracaibo Lake Basin which comprises part of the Venezuelan Andean Range, Perija Range, the Tachira gap and the Southern part of the Maracaibo Lake depression. A steplike analysis was conducted to separate macroforms, landscapes and relief units as well as drainage patterns and tectonic features, which permitted the delineation of tectonic provinces, stratigraphic units, geomorphologic units and geomorphologic positions. The geomorphologic synthesis obtained compares favorably with conventional analysis made on this area for accuracy of 1:100,000 scale, and in some features with details obtained through conventional analysis for accuracy of 1:15,000 and field work. Geomorphological units in the mountains were identified according to changes in tone, texture, forms orientation of interfluves and tectonic characteristics which control interfluvial disimetrics

Weld kinematics of syn-rift salt during basement-involved extension and subsequent inversion: Results from analog models

Scaled analog models based on extensional basins with synrift salt show how basement topography exerts a control factor on weld kinematics during the extension and inversion phases. In the case of basement-involved extension, syn-rift salt thickness differences may lead to variable degrees of extensional decoupling between basement topography and overburden, which in turn have a strong impact on the development of salt structures. With ongoing extension and after welding, the basin kinematics evolves toward a coupled deformation style. The basin architecture of our experimental results record the halokinetic activity related to growing diapirs and the timing of weld formationduring extension. Moreover, the structures that result from anysubsequent inversion of these basins strongly depends on the inherited welds and salt structures. While those basins are uplifted,the main contractional deformation during inversion is absorbed by the pre-existing salt structures, whose are squeezed developing secondary welds that often evolve into thrust welds. The analysis of our analog models shows that shortening of diapirs is favored by: i) basement topography changes that induce reactivation of primary welds as thrust welds; ii) reactivation of the salt unit as a contractional detachment and iii) synkinematic sedimentation during basin inversion. Finally, in this article, we also compare two natural examples from the southern North Sea that highlight deformation patterns very similar to those observed in our analog models

Parity proofs of the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem based on the 600-cell

The set of 60 real rays in four dimensions derived from the vertices of a 600-cell is shown to possess numerous subsets of rays and bases that provide basis-critical parity proofs of the Bell-Kochen-Specker (BKS) theorem (a basis-critical proof is one that fails if even a single basis is deleted from it). The proofs vary considerably in size, with the smallest having 26 rays and 13 bases and the largest 60 rays and 41 bases. There are at least 90 basic types of proofs, with each coming in a number of geometrically distinct varieties. The replicas of all the proofs under the symmetries of the 600-cell yield a total of almost a hundred million parity proofs of the BKS theorem. The proofs are all very transparent and take no more than simple counting to verify. A few of the proofs are exhibited, both in tabular form as well as in the form of MMP hypergraphs that assist in their visualization. A survey of the proofs is given, simple procedures for generating some of them are described and their applications are discussed. It is shown that all four-dimensional parity proofs of the BKS theorem can be turned into experimental disproofs of noncontextuality.Comment: 19 pages, 11 tables, 3 figures. Email address of first author has been corrected. Ref.[5] has been corrected, as has an error in Fig.3. Formatting error in Sec.4 has been corrected and the placement of tables and figures has been improved. A new paragraph has been added to Sec.4 and another new paragraph to the end of the Appendi

Potential of embryos transfer as a tool for the conservation of the spanish-arab horse breed

The Spanish-Arab horse breed is registred in the Spanish catalogue of breeds as an endangered breed into the special protection category. A strategy of conservation basedon the embryos transferring is presented here with the intention of the use so this tool to utilize male and female genetic potentiality. For this assay a total purebreed animals of 8 females and 1 male were selected, all of then submitted by the Spanish Union of Pure Breed Spanish-Arab Breeders. The percentage of embrionary collection was of 100% of the donor females. The rate of gestations at 25 days alter transference was 66.7% and at 50 days was 33.7%.La raza equina Hispano-Árabe esta registrada en el catálogo oficial de razas de España como raza en peligro de extinción en la categoría de protección especial. Se plantea como estrategia de conservación el uso de la técnica de transferencia embrionaria, como herramienta en el aprovechamiento genético no sólo del macho sino también de las hembras. Para dicho ensayo Se seleccionaron un total de 8 yeguas y 1 macho de raza Hispano-Árabe cedidas por la Unión Española de Ganaderos de Pura Raza Hispano-Árabe. Entre las yeguas donantes que fueron mantenidas en este programa de transferencia embrionaria se obtuvo un porcentaje de recogida de embriones del 100%. De este modo, la tasa de gestación a los 25 días fue 66,7%, mientras que a los 50 días sólo alcanzó el 33,7%

Quantum dense coding by spatial state entanglement

We have presented a theoretical extended version of dense coding protocol using entangled position state of two particles shared between two parties. A representation of Bell states and the required unitary operators are shown utilizing symmetric normalized Hadamard matrices. In addition, some explicit and conceivable forms for the unitary operators are presented by using some introduced basic operators. It is shown that, the proposed version is logarithmically efficient than some other multi-qubit dense coding protocols.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Revte

Embedding Four-directional Paths on Convex Point Sets

A directed path whose edges are assigned labels "up", "down", "right", or "left" is called \emph{four-directional}, and \emph{three-directional} if at most three out of the four labels are used. A \emph{direction-consistent embedding} of an \mbox{$n$-vertex} four-directional path $P$ on a set $S$ of $n$ points in the plane is a straight-line drawing of $P$ where each vertex of $P$ is mapped to a distinct point of $S$ and every edge points to the direction specified by its label. We study planar direction-consistent embeddings of three- and four-directional paths and provide a complete picture of the problem for convex point sets.Comment: 11 pages, full conference version including all proof

Quantum contextuality for a relativistic spin-1/2 particle

The quantum predictions for a single nonrelativistic spin-1/2 particle can be reproduced by noncontextual hidden variables. Here we show that quantum contextuality for a relativistic electron moving in a Coulomb potential naturally emerges if relativistic effects are taken into account. The contextuality can be identified through the violation of noncontextuality inequalities. We also discuss quantum contextuality for the free Dirac electron as well as the relativistic Dirac oscillator.Comment: REVTeX4, 5 page

Bell's inequalities in the tomographic representation

The tomographic approach to quantum mechanics is revisited as a direct tool to investigate violation of Bell-like inequalities. Since quantum tomograms are well defined probability distributions, the tomographic approach is emphasized to be the most natural one to compare the predictions of classical and quantum theory. Examples of inequalities for two qubits an two qutrits are considered in the tomographic probability representation of spin states.Comment: 11 pages, comments and references adde