Del fin de Público a un nuevo modelo organizativo. La salida emprendedora como solución: análisis de los casos de La Marea, InfoLibre y elDiario.es

Treball Final de Grau en Periodisme. Codi: PE0932. Curs acadèmic 2014-2015El cierre de la edición impresa de Público en febrero de 2012 marca el fin de un proyecto efímero que pese a tener una audiencia y una trayectoria asentadas no logra una viabilidad económica. Sin embargo este cierre también marcó el nacimiento de una nueva generación de medios de comunicación, que surgieron de los mismos trabajadores que en febrero de 2012 quedaban en la calle, el mismo capital humano involucrado en proyectos diferentes y realizados de una manera diferente. Tras tres años del nacimiento la mayoría de estos proyectos aún continúan en activo, el objeto de este trabajo será la investigación de estos modelos, su organización empresarial, su viabilidad económica y esbozar su nivel de calidad informativa. Los medios seleccionados son La Marea, infoLibre y elDiario.es, como principales casos a analizar por haber nacido durante los doce meses posteriores al cierre de Público, ser iniciativa de antiguos trabajadores del medio y tratar temas generalistas. El análisis tratará de averiguar si estos modelos emprendedores resultan viables en un escenario de crisis del periodismo, y de los modelos tradicionales, y si por lo tanto pueden ofrecer una nueva manera de organizar el trabajo periodístico en el contexto actual. El trabajo analizará en primer lugar las estructuras organizativas, definiendo si realmente se trata de modelos emprendedores, y retratar cómo funcionan estos modelos, así como las ventajas y desventajas que ofrecen estas organizaciones atípicas. El segundo punto analizará sus datos económicos para determinar si se trata de medios viables, si su modelo y plan de negocio evoluciona satisfactoriamente y si el medio está recibiendo un buen acogimiento por parte de sus públicos. En cuanto a los contenidos además de analizar las particularidades e innovaciones de cada medio se realizará un análisis de una muestra mínima para tratar de esbozar si se está realizando un buen trabajo a nivel periodístico e informativo. La hipótesis principal que quiere comprobar este trabajo es la de que un modelo de periodismo independiente a nivel empresarial y publicitario facilita la creación de un contenido periodístico de calidad, y que a la vez esto es viable en el contexto económico actual, suponiendo una alternativa firme en el contexto de crisis del periodismo.The closure of the printed edition of Público in February 2012 marked the end of a short-lived project that, while it counted with the backing of a strong audience and an impecable track record, never reached a point of being economically feasable. Nevertheless, the closure of this newspaper also marked the birth of a new generation of media, that appeared thanks to the journalists who lost their jobs in February 2012. With the same human capital, they got involved it different products that functioned in different ways. Three years after the birth of this new wave of media, the majority of the projects are still active and functioning. The purpose of this study will be the investigation of these new media-models, their business organization, their economic viability and to outline the quality level of their information. The chosen media for this study are La Marea, infoLibre and elDiario.es as main cases to analize because they were born in the first twelve months after the closure of Público, because they are projects that were set up mainly by the ex-workers of this newspaper, and because their area is general news. The analysis will try and establish if these enterpreneurial models are viable in the current journalistic crisis scene, and traditional models, and therefore in they can offer a new way of organizing the journalistic profession in the current situation. This study will analize, firstly, the organizational structures, defining if they are really entrepreneurial models, and will show how these models work, including the pros and the cons of these atypical organizations. In second place, we will proceed to analyse their economic data to determine if they are actually economically viable, if their business model and business plan are evolving successfully and if the media is having public acceptance. When it comes to the contents, apart from analysing the particularities and innovations of each media, we'll analyse a minimum sample to try and outline if high levels of journalistic and informative criteria are being fulfilled with their products. The main hypothesis this study means to prove is that an independent journalism model on a business and advertising scale enables the creation of a quality journalistic content, that at the same time is viable in the current economic situation. This would mean it suppose a strong alternative in the context of a journalistic crisis

Motivated beliefs, self-serving recall and data omission: economic implications and experimental evidence

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Análisis Económico, Teoría Económica e Historia Económica. Fecha de Lectura: 26-05-2021Tesis financiada por el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, a través de los proyectos de investigación ECO2014-52372-P y ECO2017-82449-P

Las concepciones del profesor y su relación con la enseñanza del concepto ecuación lineal

El estudio de las ecuaciones en la enseñanza del álgebra en bachillerato desempeña un papel importante en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, no sólo por estar relacionado con temas de otras asignaturas, sino porque permite modelar problemas reales. Sin embargo, el tratamiento escolar de éstas, propicia dificultades en su aprendizaje, e ideas incompletas de ecuación. Conviene entonces indagar sobre las razones de que los profesores de matemáticas aborden la enseñanza de la ecuación de una forma y no de otra. En particular uno de nuestros objetivos, fue caracterizar las concepciones sobre el concepto ecuación lineal, para lo cual establecimos cuatro categorías de concepciones: operacional, estructural, funcional y geométrico. Los resultados obtenidos al momento indican que la ecuación lineal es concebida como un objeto matemático definido por medio de reglas, propiedades y procedimientos propios del álgebra y no como herramienta para la resolución de problemas

An experimental test of some economic theories of optimism

Economic theories of optimism provide different rationales for the phenomenon of motivated reasoning, and a recent empirical literature has tested some of them, with mixed results. We contribute to this literature with a novel experimental test of two mechanisms, according to which optimism is respectively predicted when (1) the potential material losses due to the bias are relatively small or (2) the cognitive costs of the bias are small enough. In our design, these two accounts predict inflated expectations regarding some future payoff. Contrary to that, the average subject tends to (slightly) underestimate that financial prospect. Although a minority of the subjects overestimate systematically, the size of their errors is rather reduced, and they hardly differ in their personal characteristics from the rest of the subjects. In fact, optimism in our experiment is correlated with the sample observed, in that it is more likely when a subject observes relatively few good signals. This is again at odds with (1) and (2). These mechanisms, we conclude, do not appear to fully capture under which circumstances people fail into a positivity bias. Yet (1) seems to be empirically less relevant, in that we observe a similarly limited level of bias irrespectively of its monetary cos

A Survey of Algorithmic Debugging

"© ACM, 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in ACM Computing Surveys, {50, 4, 2017} https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3106740"[EN] Algorithmic debugging is a technique proposed in 1982 by E. Y. Shapiro in the context of logic programming. This survey shows how the initial ideas have been developed to become a widespread debugging schema ftting many diferent programming paradigms and with applications out of the program debugging feld. We describe the general framework and the main issues related to the implementations in diferent programming paradigms and discuss several proposed improvements and optimizations. We also review the main algorithmic debugger tools that have been implemented so far and compare their features. From this comparison, we elaborate a summary of desirable characteristics that should be considered when implementing future algorithmic debuggers.This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under grant TIN2013-44742-C4-1-R, TIN2016-76843-C4-1-R, StrongSoft (TIN2012-39391-C04-04), and TRACES (TIN2015-67522-C3-3-R) by the Generalitat Valenciana under grant PROMETEO-II/2015/013 (SmartLogic) and by the Comunidad de Madrid project N-Greens Software-CM (S2013/ICE-2731).Caballero, R.; Riesco, A.; Silva, J. (2017). A Survey of Algorithmic Debugging. ACM Computing Surveys. 50(4):1-35. https://doi.org/10.1145/3106740S135504Abramson, D., Foster, I., Michalakes, J., & Sosič, R. (1996). Relative debugging. Communications of the ACM, 39(11), 69-77. doi:10.1145/240455.240475K. R. Apt H. A. Blair and A. Walker. 1988. Towards a theory of declarative knowledge. In Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming J. Minker (Ed.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. San Francisco CA 89--148. 10.1016/B978-0-934613-40-8.50006-3 K. R. Apt H. A. Blair and A. Walker. 1988. Towards a theory of declarative knowledge. In Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming J. Minker (Ed.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. San Francisco CA 89--148. 10.1016/B978-0-934613-40-8.50006-3Arora, T., Ramakrishnan, R., Roth, W. G., Seshadri, P., & Srivastava, D. (1993). Explaining program execution in deductive systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 101-119. doi:10.1007/3-540-57530-8_7E. Av-Ron. 1984. Top-Down Diagnosis of Prolog Programs. Ph.D. Dissertation. Weizmann Institute. E. Av-Ron. 1984. Top-Down Diagnosis of Prolog Programs. Ph.D. Dissertation. Weizmann Institute.A. Beaulieu. 2005. Learning SQL. O’Reilly Farnham UK. A. Beaulieu. 2005. Learning SQL. O’Reilly Farnham UK.D. Binks. 1995. Declarative Debugging in Gödel. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Bristol. D. Binks. 1995. Declarative Debugging in Gödel. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Bristol.B. Braßel and H. Siegel. 2008. Debugging Lazy Functional Programs by Asking the Oracle. Springer-Verlag Berlin 183--200. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85373-2_11 10.1007/978-3-540-85373-2_11 B. Braßel and H. Siegel. 2008. Debugging Lazy Functional Programs by Asking the Oracle. Springer-Verlag Berlin 183--200. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85373-2_11 10.1007/978-3-540-85373-2_11Caballero, R. (2005). A declarative debugger of incorrect answers for constraint functional-logic programs. Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Curry and functional logic programming - WCFLP ’05. doi:10.1145/1085099.1085102Caballero, R., García-Ruiz, Y., & Sáenz-Pérez, F. (2012). Declarative Debugging of Wrong and Missing Answers for SQL Views. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 73-87. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29822-6_9Caballero, R., García-Ruiz, Y., & Sáenz-Pérez, F. (2015). Debugging of wrong and missing answers for datalog programs with constraint handling rules. Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming - PPDP ’15. doi:10.1145/2790449.2790522Caballero, R., Martin-Martin, E., Riesco, A., & Tamarit, S. (2015). A zoom-declarative debugger for sequential Erlang programs. Science of Computer Programming, 110, 104-118. doi:10.1016/j.scico.2015.06.011Caballero, R., & Rodríguez-Artalejo, M. (2002). A Declarative Debugging System for Lazy Functional Logic Programs. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 64, 113-175. doi:10.1016/s1571-0661(04)80349-9Ceri, S., Gottlob, G., & Tanca, L. (1989). What you always wanted to know about Datalog (and never dared to ask). IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1(1), 146-166. doi:10.1109/69.43410Chen, M., Mao, S., & Liu, Y. (2014). Big Data: A Survey. Mobile Networks and Applications, 19(2), 171-209. doi:10.1007/s11036-013-0489-0Chitil, O., & Davie, T. (2008). Comprehending finite maps for algorithmic debugging of higher-order functional programs. Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of declarative programming - PPDP ’08. doi:10.1145/1389449.1389475Chitil, O., Faddegon, M., & Runciman, C. (2016). A Lightweight Hat. Proceedings of the 28th Symposium on the Implementation and Application of Functional Programming Languages - IFL 2016. doi:10.1145/3064899.3064904O. Chitil C. Runciman and M. Wallace. 2001. Freja Hat and Hood—A Comparative Evaluation of Three Systems for Tracing and Debugging Lazy Functional Programs. Springer Berlin 176--193. O. Chitil C. Runciman and M. Wallace. 2001. Freja Hat and Hood—A Comparative Evaluation of Three Systems for Tracing and Debugging Lazy Functional Programs. Springer Berlin 176--193.O. Chitil C. Runciman and Malcolm Wallace. 2003. Transforming Haskell for Tracing. Springer-Verlag Berlin 165--181. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44854-3_11 10.1007/3-540-44854-3_11 O. Chitil C. Runciman and Malcolm Wallace. 2003. Transforming Haskell for Tracing. Springer-Verlag Berlin 165--181. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44854-3_11 10.1007/3-540-44854-3_11Minh Ngoc Dinh, Abramson, D., & Chao Jin. (2014). Scalable Relative Debugging. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 25(3), 740-749. doi:10.1109/tpds.2013.86Faddegon, M., & Chitil, O. (2015). Algorithmic debugging of real-world haskell programs: deriving dependencies from the cost centre stack. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 50(6), 33-42. doi:10.1145/2813885.2737985Faddegon, M., & Chitil, O. (2016). Lightweight computation tree tracing for lazy functional languages. Proceedings of the 37th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation - PLDI 2016. doi:10.1145/2908080.2908104Ferrand, G. (1987). Error diagnosis in logic programming an adaptation of E.Y. Shapiro’s method. The Journal of Logic Programming, 4(3), 177-198. doi:10.1016/0743-1066(87)90001-xFritzson, P., Shahmehri, N., Kamkar, M., & Gyimothy, T. (1992). Generalized algorithmic debugging and testing. ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems, 1(4), 303-322. doi:10.1145/161494.161498Fromherz, M. P. J. (s. f.). Towards declarative debugging of concurrent constraint programs. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 88-100. doi:10.1007/bfb0019403Harman, M., & Hierons, R. (2001). An overview of program slicing. Software Focus, 2(3), 85-92. doi:10.1002/swf.41F. Henderson T. Conway Z. Somogyi D. Jeffery P. Schachte S. Taylor C. Speirs T. Dowd R. Becket M. Brown and P. Wang. 2014. The Mercury Language Reference Manual (Version 14.01.1). The University of Melbourne. F. Henderson T. Conway Z. Somogyi D. Jeffery P. Schachte S. Taylor C. Speirs T. Dowd R. Becket M. Brown and P. Wang. 2014. The Mercury Language Reference Manual (Version 14.01.1). The University of Melbourne.C. Hermanns and H. Kuchen. 2013. Hybrid Debugging of Java Programs. Springer-Verlag Berlin 91--107. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36177-7_6 10.1007/978-3-642-36177-7_6 C. Hermanns and H. Kuchen. 2013. Hybrid Debugging of Java Programs. Springer-Verlag Berlin 91--107. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36177-7_6 10.1007/978-3-642-36177-7_6Hirunkitti, V., & Hogger, C. J. (s. f.). A generalised query minimisation for program debugging. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 153-170. doi:10.1007/bfb0019407Hughes, J. (2010). Software Testing with QuickCheck. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 183-223. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17685-2_6G. Hutton. 2016. Programming in Haskell. Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK. G. Hutton. 2016. Programming in Haskell. Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK.Insa, D., & Silva, J. (2010). An algorithmic debugger for Java. 2010 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance. doi:10.1109/icsm.2010.5609661Insa, D., & Silva, J. (2011). Optimal Divide and Query. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 224-238. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24769-9_17Insa, D., & Silva, J. (2011). An optimal strategy for algorithmic debugging. 2011 26th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2011). doi:10.1109/ase.2011.6100055D. Insa and J. Silva. 2011c. Scaling Up Algorithmic Debugging with Virtual Execution Trees. Springer-Verlag Berlin 149--163. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20551-4_10 10.1007/978-3-642-20551-4_10 D. Insa and J. Silva. 2011c. Scaling Up Algorithmic Debugging with Virtual Execution Trees. Springer-Verlag Berlin 149--163. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20551-4_10 10.1007/978-3-642-20551-4_10D. Insa and J. Silva. 2015a. Automatic transformation of iterative loops into recursive methods. Information 8 Software Technology 58 (2015) 95--109. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2014.10.001 10.1016/j.infsof.2014.10.001 D. Insa and J. Silva. 2015a. Automatic transformation of iterative loops into recursive methods. Information 8 Software Technology 58 (2015) 95--109. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2014.10.001 10.1016/j.infsof.2014.10.001Insa, D., & Silva, J. (2015). A Generalized Model for Algorithmic Debugging. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 261-276. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27436-2_16Insa, D., Silva, J., & Riesco, A. (2013). Speeding Up Algorithmic Debugging Using Balanced Execution Trees. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 133-151. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38916-0_8Insa, D., Silva, J., & Tomás, C. (2013). Enhancing Declarative Debugging with Loop Expansion and Tree Compression. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 71-88. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38197-3_6K. Jensen and N. Wirth. 1974. PASCAL User Manual and Report. Springer-Verlag Berlin. 10.1007/978-3-662-21554-8 K. Jensen and N. Wirth. 1974. PASCAL User Manual and Report. Springer-Verlag Berlin. 10.1007/978-3-662-21554-8Jia, Y., & Harman, M. (2011). An Analysis and Survey of the Development of Mutation Testing. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 37(5), 649-678. doi:10.1109/tse.2010.62Kamkar, M., Shahmehri, N., & Fritzson, P. (s. f.). Bug localization by algorithmic debugging and program slicing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 60-74. doi:10.1007/bfb0024176S. Köhler B. Ludäscher and Y. Smaragdakis. 2012. Declarative Datalog Debugging for Mere Mortals. Springer-Verlag Berlin 111--122. S. Köhler B. Ludäscher and Y. Smaragdakis. 2012. Declarative Datalog Debugging for Mere Mortals. Springer-Verlag Berlin 111--122.Kouh, H.-J., & Yoo, W.-H. (2003). The Efficient Debugging System for Locating Logical Errors in Java Programs. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 684-693. doi:10.1007/3-540-44839-x_72Benzmüller, C., & Miller, D. (2014). Automation of Higher-Order Logic. Handbook of the History of Logic, 215-254. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-51624-4.50005-8Kowalski, R., & Kuehner, D. (1971). Linear resolution with selection function. Artificial Intelligence, 2(3-4), 227-260. doi:10.1016/0004-3702(71)90012-9K. Kuchcinski W. Drabent and J. Maluszynski. 1993. Automatic Diagnosis of VLSI Digital Circuits Using Algorithmic Debugging. Springer-Verlag Berlin 350--367. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BFb0019419 10.1007/BFb0019419 K. Kuchcinski W. Drabent and J. Maluszynski. 1993. Automatic Diagnosis of VLSI Digital Circuits Using Algorithmic Debugging. Springer-Verlag Berlin 350--367. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BFb0019419 10.1007/BFb0019419S. Liang. 1999. Java Native Interface: Programmer’s Guide and Reference (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc. Boston MA. S. Liang. 1999. Java Native Interface: Programmer’s Guide and Reference (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc. Boston MA.Lloyd, J. W. (1987). Declarative error diagnosis. New Generation Computing, 5(2), 133-154. doi:10.1007/bf03037396J. W. Lloyd. 1987b. Foundations of Logic Programming (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin. 10.1007/978-3-642-83189-8 J. W. Lloyd. 1987b. Foundations of Logic Programming (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin. 10.1007/978-3-642-83189-8W. Lux. 2006. Münster Curry User’s guide (Release 0.9.10 of May 10 2006). Retrieved from http://danae.uni-muenster.de/∼lux/curry/user.pdf. W. Lux. 2006. Münster Curry User’s guide (Release 0.9.10 of May 10 2006). Retrieved from http://danae.uni-muenster.de/∼lux/curry/user.pdf.Lux, W. (2008). Declarative Debugging Meets the World. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 216, 65-77. doi:10.1016/j.entcs.2008.06.034I. MacLarty. 2005. Practical Declarative Debugging of Mercury Programs. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Melbourne. I. MacLarty. 2005. Practical Declarative Debugging of Mercury Programs. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Melbourne.Naganuma, J., Ogura, T., & Hoshino, T. (s. f.). High-level design validation using algorithmic debugging. Proceedings of European Design and Test Conference EDAC-ETC-EUROASIC. doi:10.1109/edtc.1994.326833Naish, L. (1992). Declarative diagnosis of missing answers. New Generation Computing, 10(3), 255-285. doi:10.1007/bf03037939H. Nilsson. 1998. Declarative Debugging for Lazy Functional Languages. Ph.D. Dissertation. Linköping Sweden. H. Nilsson. 1998. Declarative Debugging for Lazy Functional Languages. Ph.D. Dissertation. Linköping Sweden.NILSSON, H. (2001). How to look busy while being as lazy as ever: the Implementation of a lazy functional debugger. Journal of Functional Programming, 11(6), 629-671. doi:10.1017/s095679680100418xNilsson, H., & Fritzson, P. (s. f.). Algorithmic debugging for lazy functional languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 385-399. doi:10.1007/3-540-55844-6_149Nilsson, H., & Fritzson, P. (1994). Algorithmic debugging for lazy functional languages. Journal of Functional Programming, 4(3), 337-369. doi:10.1017/s095679680000109xNilsson, H., & Sparud, J. (1997). Automated Software Engineering, 4(2), 121-150. doi:10.1023/a:1008681016679Ostrand, T. J., & Balcer, M. J. (1988). The category-partition method for specifying and generating fuctional tests. Communications of the ACM, 31(6), 676-686. doi:10.1145/62959.62964Pereira, L. M. (1986). Rational debugging in logic programming. Third International Conference on Logic Programming, 203-210. doi:10.1007/3-540-16492-8_76B. Pope. 2006. A Declarative Debugger for Haskell. Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Melbourne Australia. B. Pope. 2006. A Declarative Debugger for Haskell. Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Melbourne Australia.Ramakrishnan, R., & Ullman, J. D. (1995). A survey of deductive database systems. The Journal of Logic Programming, 23(2), 125-149. doi:10.1016/0743-1066(94)00039-9Riesco, A., Verdejo, A., Martí-Oliet, N., & Caballero, R. (2012). Declarative debugging of rewriting logic specifications. The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 81(7-8), 851-897. doi:10.1016/j.jlap.2011.06.004DeRose, L., Gontarek, A., Vose, A., Moench, R., Abramson, D., Dinh, M. N., & Jin, C. (2015). Relative debugging for a highly parallel hybrid computer system. Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis on - SC ’15. doi:10.1145/2807591.2807605Runeson, P. (2006). A survey of unit testing practices. IEEE Software, 23(4), 22-29. doi:10.1109/ms.2006.91Russo, F., & Sancassani, M. (1992). A declarative debugging environment for DATALOG. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 433-441. doi:10.1007/3-540-55460-2_32E. Y. Shapiro. 1982a. Algorithmic Program Debugging. MIT Press Cambridge MA. E. Y. Shapiro. 1982a. Algorithmic Program Debugging. MIT Press Cambridge MA.Shapiro, E. Y. (1982). Algorithmic program diagnosis. Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages - POPL ’82. doi:10.1145/582153.582185Shmueli, O., & Tsur, S. (1991). Logical diagnosis ofLDL programs. New Generation Computing, 9(3-4), 277-303. doi:10.1007/bf03037166Silva, J. (s. f.). A Comparative Study of Algorithmic Debugging Strategies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 143-159. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71410-1_11Silva, J. (2011). A survey on algorithmic debugging strategies. Advances in Engineering Software, 42(11), 976-991. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.05.024Silva, J., & Chitil, O. (2006). Combining algorithmic debugging and program slicing. Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of declarative programming - PPDP ’06. doi:10.1145/1140335.1140355J. A. Silva E. R. Faria R. C. Barros E. R. Hruschka A. C. P. L. F. de Carvalho and J. Gama. 2013. Data stream clustering: A survey. Comput. Surv. 46 1 Article 13 (July 2013) 31 pages.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2522968.2522981 10.1145/2522968.2522981 J. A. Silva E. R. Faria R. C. Barros E. R. Hruschka A. C. P. L. F. de Carvalho and J. Gama. 2013. Data stream clustering: A survey. Comput. Surv. 46 1 Article 13 (July 2013) 31 pages.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2522968.2522981 10.1145/2522968.2522981SOSIČ, R., & ABRAMSON, D. (1997). Guard: A Relative Debugger. Software: Practice and Experience, 27(2), 185-206. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199702)27:23.0.co;2-dL. Sterling and E. Shapiro. 1986. The Art of Prolog: Advanced Programming Techniques. The MIT Press Cambridge MA. L. Sterling and E. Shapiro. 1986. The Art of Prolog: Advanced Programming Techniques. The MIT Press Cambridge MA.P. Kambam Sugavanam. 2013. Debugging Framework for Attribute Grammars. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Minnesota. P. Kambam Sugavanam. 2013. Debugging Framework for Attribute Grammars. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Minnesota.Tamarit, S., Riesco, A., Martin-Martin, E., & Caballero, R. (2016). Debugging Meets Testing in Erlang. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 171-180. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41135-4_10A. Tessier and G. Ferrand. 2000. Declarative diagnosis in the CLP scheme. In Analysis and Visualization Tools for Constraint Programming: Constraint Debugging Pierre Deransart Manuel V. Hermenegildo and Jan Maluszynski (Eds.). Springer-Verlag Berlin 151--174. 10.1007/10722311_6 A. Tessier and G. Ferrand. 2000. Declarative diagnosis in the CLP scheme. In Analysis and Visualization Tools for Constraint Programming: Constraint Debugging Pierre Deransart Manuel V. Hermenegildo and Jan Maluszynski (Eds.). Springer-Verlag Berlin 151--174. 10.1007/10722311_6Zinn, C. (2013). Algorithmic Debugging for Intelligent Tutoring: How to Use Multiple Models and Improve Diagnosis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 272-283. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40942-4_24Zinn, C. (2014). Algorithmic Debugging and Literate Programming to Generate Feedback in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. KI 2014: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 37-48. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11206-0_

Una propuesta para resignificar lo lineal en una situación de modelación de movimiento

Considerando algunas investigaciones donde se ponen en escena situaciones de modelación de movimiento con la perspectiva socioepistemológica, podemos ver en las producciones realizadas por los estudiantes, que se recurre en primer lugar y de manera persistente a los trazos rectos para modelar el movimiento de una persona (Torres, 2004; Suárez, 2008; Briceño, 2008). Consideramos que en sus respuestas, no hay indicios de haber comprendido las características que presenta un movimiento a razón constante. Por tal razón realizamos un diseño de situación con el objetivo de resignificar lo lineal, la cual está sustentada por la categoría modelación-graficación y la formulación de una epistemología de lo lineal

Robot NAO cantante

En los últimos años la robótica ha experimentado un crecimiento exponencial incorporando todo tipo de funcionalidades. Introducir el mundo musical en los robots es una de ellas. En este Trabajo Fin de Grado se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema que permite al robot NAO leer una partitura, analizarla y reproducirla a modo de canto. La finalidad del trabajo es que el robot actúe como un intérprete frente a una partitura musical tal y como lo haría un humano. Debe ser capaz de interpretar cualquier melodía que se le presente debido a sus conocimientos generales musicales. El proyecto ha sido desarrollado en lenguaje Python y se ha empleado el software Choregraphe como herramienta de soporte para el robot. El proyecto se ha llevado a cabo con un robot NAO de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y ha sido probado en el laboratorio del grupo de trabajo PLG (Planning and Learning Group)In recent years, robotics has grown exponentially incorporating different kinds of features. The entry of the robots in the musical world as singers and players are some examples of it. In this Final Project will be developed a system that allows the robot NAO to read music, analyze and play different songs, even if the robot has not seen the music sheet before. The aim of this work is to get the robot NAO to sing a music sheet as a human singer, interpreting music with feelings. Robot NAO must be able to sing a melody due to its new musical knowledge, which it has learnt in this project. The code has been developed in Python with the help of Aldebaran’s Choregraphe simulator and NaoQi API to work with the robot and different audiovisual tools. The robot used has been a NAO robot property of Carlos III University of Madrid and all the experiments have been tested in the PLG’s laboratory (Planning and Learning Group) in the Carlos III University.Ingeniería de Sistemas Audiovisuale