Classical properties of algebras using a new graph association

We study the relation between algebraic structures and Graph Theory. We have defined five different weighted digraphs associated to a finite dimensional algebra over a field in order to tackle important properties of the associated algebras, mainly the nilpotency and solvability in the case of Leibniz algebras

Descripción del Perfil Lector de una Revista Científica de Audiología para profesionales del área audiológica Hispanohablantes

Audiologists are recognized in Spain and most countries in Latin America and have practised in various fields for more than 40 years. Despite this, a paucity of information exists regarding audiologists’ engagement with scientific journals both as readers and authors alike.  The aim of this paper was to describe the scientific-disciplinary reader profile of Spanish-speaking audiology professionals.  A questionnaire was distributed online with 16 questions grouped into two sections: 1) General and demographic data and 2) Readership profile. A total of 200 questionnaires were completed. With the results, a qualitative analysis was performed and a summary was written for each question. General audiology and hearing aids/amplification systems were found to be the areas of greatest interest among respondents (74% and 71%, respectively). In the readership profile section, 66% of respondents reported consulting scientific journals (at least once a month). The most common reason, given by 51% in this group, was to keep up to date. However, 81% of respondents reported never having published in a peer-reviewed journal. The main reason for not publishing was lack of confidence to write an article (51%). Despite audiologists showing a keen interest in reading audiology journals, only a small proportion submits articles for publication.El profesional audiólogo se encuentra reconocido en la mayoría de los países de Iberoamérica desempeñando sus funciones en diversas áreas desde hace más de 40 años. A pesar esto aún existe escasa información en relación a la vinculación con revistas científicas, ya sea como lectores y/o autores.  El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la caracterización del profesional del área de la audiología en Iberoamérica como lector de una revista científica de audiología en Castellano. Un total de 200 cuestionarios fueron respondidos. En relación al perfil del lector, se reporta que un 66% de los participantes consulta revistas científicas (una o más veces al mes), siendo la actualización (51%) el motivo más frecuente dentro de este grupo. Sin embargo, un 81% de los participantes refiere no tener experiencia publicando en una revista revisada por pares, siendo inseguridad para escribir un artículo (51%) como la razón principal

Temporal analysis of natural radionuclides deposition at Málaga(2005-2016)

Atmospheric deposition of radionuclides has been investigated in many studies from the aspects of both radiation protection and geochemistry. The present study, carried out in the city of Málaga, in the southeast of Spain, focuses on the assessment of the bulk depositional fluxes of three natural radionuclides: 7Be (cosmogenic origin), and 210Pb and 40K (crustal origin). These three radionuclides are useful markers of particles arising from their respective sources. To obtain fundamental information of atmospheric transportation, sedimentation and geological process of particulate matter, a long-term monitoring of atmospheric deposition has been carried out in Málaga from January 2005-December 2016. Samples of bulk deposition were collected on a monthly basis on a stainless steel tray from January 2005 to December 2016. Afterwards, a volume of 6 L of the bulk deposition was reduced via evaporation to 1 L approximately and transferred to a Marinelli geometry container for gamma counting. Additionally, aerosols samples were collected weekly in cellulose membrane filters of 0.8μm pore size and 47mm diameter with an air sampler lodged in an all-weather sampling station, situated on the roof near the bulk rain collector. Gamma counting of the aerosols and bulk deposition samples was performed using an intrinsic germanium coaxial detector, Re-Ge-type (CANBERRA). This study describes the results and then discusses characteristics of atmospheric deposition of mentioned radionuclides with respect to seasonal variations and dependency on controlling factors. The depositional fluxes of all radionuclides showed a clear seasonal trend with summer minimum and high values in wintertime

Osteocondritis de los sesamoideos del hallux: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso

La osteocondritis de los sesamoideos del hallux es una afección poco frecuente que puede afectar tanto al sesamoideo medial como al lateral. Presentamos un caso de osteocondritis del sesamoideo externo en una mujer de 27 años, con clínica de dolor de un año de evolución, que se resolvió satisfactoriamente con la excisión quirúrgica del mismo. Comparamos el tratamiento realizado con otros publicados, realizando una revisión de la literatura con respecto a sus causas, los métodos diagnósticos y los tratamientos empleados.Osteochondritis of the sesamoid bones is an unfrequent condition wich may affect both the medial and lateral hallux sesamoids. We report a case of osteochondritis of the external sesamoid in a 27 years old woman, with a one year clinical pain evolution, wich was satisfactory solved by carrying out its surgical excision. We compare the treatment carried out with others that have been published, reviewing the literature that refers to its causes, the diagnostic methods and treatment use

Speech, Spatial, Qualities of Hearing Scale – versión de 12 preguntas: sugerencias y consideraciones de aplicación

Hearing questionnaires are extremely useful tools for describing people's hearing abilities and for measuring and documenting hearing device fitting outcomes. The Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) questionnaire is often used and is even available in different versions and formats. However, detailed instructions and guidance for the clinician administering the questionnaire are limited. Below are some suggestions and guidance for reducing variability when administering the questionnaire, thereby maintaining consistency in both clinical and research settings alike.Los cuestionarios para evaluar la función auditiva son herramientas de gran utilidad para describir las habilidades auditivas de una persona que también permiten medir y documentar el resultado obtenido tras una adaptación de dispositivos auditivos. El uso del cuestionario Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) es frecuente, incluso cuenta con diferentes versiones y formatos de aplicación, aunque la información detallada sobre las instrucciones para el evaluador y las consideraciones de aplicación son limitadas. A continuación se presentan algunas consideraciones y sugerencias con el objetivo de disminuir la variabilidad en su aplicación y así mantener la sistematicidad tanto en contextos clínicos como de investigación.

El ácido úrico se asocia con características de un síndrome de resistencia insulínica en los niños obesos en etapas perdurables

Elevated plasma uric acid levels are associated with obesity and could be an expression of insulin-resistant state. The aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma uric acid in obese and normal-weight children exclusively at prepubertal stage and its relationship with anthropometric measurements, intake, and features of the insulin resistance syndrome. A study was performed in 34 obese and 20 normal- weight prepubertal children. Nutrient intake was determined using a 72 h recall questionnaire and a consumption food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric parameters and fasting plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and uric acid were measured. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify association of anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake and insulin resistance syndrome variables (arterial blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index- HOMA- triacylglycerols and, HDL-cholesterol) with uric acid. Plasma uric concentration was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group and when adjusted by sex, age and BMI was positively associated with tricipital skinfold and insulin resistance, and negatively with adiponectin. In multiple regression analysis, BMI, HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin were independent predictors of plasma uric acid. In conclusion, elevated levels of uric acid in obese children, compared with lean subjects, at the prepubertal period, seems to be an early metabolic alteration that is associated with other features of insulin resistance syndrome.Los niveles elevados de ácido úrico plasmáticos se asocian a la obesidad y pueden ser la expresión de un estado de resistencia insulínica. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar la concentración plasmática de ácido úrico en niños obesos y normales, exclusivamente en edad prepuberal, y determinar su relación con las medidas antropométricas, la ingesta dietética y los parámetros asociados al síndrome de resistencia insulínica. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 34 niños obesos y 20 controles en edad prepuberal a los cuales se les estimó su ingesta dietética mediante el registro de un cuestionario de ingesta de alimentos de 72 h y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y se determinaron, además de los parámetros antropométricos, la glucosa, la insulina, la leptina, la adiponectina y el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) plasmáticos. Se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple para identificar la asociación entre los niveles de ácido úrico y los parámetros antropométricos, la ingesta de nutrientes y las variables clásicas relacionadas con el síndrome de resistencia insulínica (hipertensión, glucosa, insulina, índice de resistencia insulínica HOMA, triglicéridos y HDL-colesterol plasmáticos), así como con leptina, adiponectina y TNF-α. La concentración plasmática de ácido úrico fue significativamente más elevada en los niños obesos que en los controles y, cuando se ajustó por sexo, edad e índice de masa corporal, los niveles de ácido úrico se asociaron con el pliegue tricipital y la resistencia inulínica, y negativamente con la adiponectina. En el análisis de regresión múltiple, el índice de masa corporal, el HDL-colesterol y la adiponectina fueron predictores independientes del ácido úrico plasmático. En conclusión, los niveles elevados de ácido úrico en niños obesos en edad prepuberal, comparado con los de los niños normales, representan una alteración metabólica temprana asociada con la resistencia insulínica.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, the Spanish National Program for Scientific Research, Development, and Technological Innovation (I+D+I), and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish National Health Research Institute), FEDER co-financed Project No. PI 051968. Mercedes Gil-Campos was a research scientist appointed on a training contract funded by the Carlos III Health Research Institute

Electrochemical synthesis and magnetic properties of MFe_2O_4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) nanoparticles for potential biomedical applications

In this study, we evaluate the magnetic properties and cytotoxic effect of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based on magnetite and Mn, Co and Ni ferrites, obtained by electrochemical synthesis. These nanoparticles have almost spherical shape and an mode size of 9 +/- 1 nm. The electrochemical synthesis produces a single crystallographic phase with a spinel-like structure in all cases. Magnetization saturation at room temperature varies with the composition of the ferrites from M_S (Fe_3O_4) > M_S (MnFe_2O_4) > M_S (CoFe_2O_4) > M_S (NiFe_2O_4). Ferrite MNPs present low magnetic remanence indicating a superparamagnetic-like response at room temperature. However, the different values of magnetic anisotropy and size produce variations in the values of coercivity and susceptibility of the ferrite MNPs. The cytotoxicity of the different ferrites was evaluated by internalizing MNP in HeLa cancer cells. Although magnetite and Mn ferrite present low toxicity for all the concentrations studied, significant cytotoxic effect were observed when incubating the cells with high concentration of Co and Ni ferrites

Harmonic generation by atomic and nanoparticle precursors in a ZnS laser ablation plasma

Harmonic generation of a driving laser propagating across a laser ablation plasma serves for the diagnosis of multicomponent plumes. Here we study the contribution of atomic and nanoparticle precursors to the generation of coherent ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet light as low-order harmonics of the fundamental emission (1064 nm) of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in a nanosecond infrared ZnS laser ablation plasma. Odd harmonics from the 3rd up to the 9th order (118.2 nm) have been observed with distinct temporal and spatial characteristics which were determined by varying the delay between the ablation and driving nanosecond pulses and by spatially scanning the plasma with the focused driving beam propagating parallel to the target. At short distances from the target surface (≤1 mm), the harmonic intensity displays two temporal components peaked at around 250 ns and 10 μs. While the early component dies off quickly with increasing harmonic order and vanishes for the 9th order, the late component is notably intense for the 7th harmonic and is still clearly visible for the 9th. Spectral analysis of spontaneous plume emissions help to assign the origin of the two components. While the early plasma component is mainly constituted by neutral Zn atoms, the late component is mostly due to nanoparticles, which upon interaction with the driving laser are subject to breakup and ionization. With the aid of calculations of the phase matching integrals within the perturbative model of optical harmonic generation, these results illustrate how atom and nanoparticle populations, with differing temporal and spatial distributions within the ablation plasma, contribute to the nonlinear medium.Funding has been provided by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain under Project CTQ2013-43086-P. I.L-Q., A.B-C. and M.O. thank respectively MINECO, for a FPI fellowship (BES-2011-044738), CSIC, for a JAE-TEC 2010 contract and CSIC for a contract. Fruitful discussions with Dr. Mikel Sanz and Prof. A. Gonzalez-Arroyo are acknowledged.Peer reviewe