Molecular characterization, gene expression and dependence on thyroid hormones of two type I keratin genes (sseKer1 and sseKer2) in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Keratins make up the largest subgroup of intermediate filaments, and, in chordates, represent the most abundant proteins in epithelial cells. They have been associated with a wide range of functions in the cell, but little information is still available about their expression profile and regulation during flatfish metamorphosis. Senegalese sole (<it>Solea senegalensis</it>) is a commercially important flatfish in which no keratin gene has been described yet.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The development of large-scale genomics of Senegalese sole has facilitated the identification of two different type I keratin genes referred to as <it>sseKer1 </it>and <it>sseKer2</it>. Main characteristics and sequence identities with other fish and mammal keratins are described. Phylogenetic analyses grouped sseKer1 and sseKer2 in a significant clade with other teleost epidermal type I keratins, and have allowed for the identification of sseKer2 as a novel keratin. The expression profile of both genes was studied during larval development and in tissues using a real-time approach. <it>sseKer1 </it>and <it>sseKer2 </it>mRNA levels were significantly higher in skin than in other tissues examined. During metamorphosis, <it>sseKer1 </it>transcripts increased significantly at first stages, and reduced thereafter. In contrast, <it>sseKer2 </it>mRNA levels did not change during early metamorphosis although a significant drop at metamorphosis climax and late metamorphosis was also detected. To study the possible regulation of <it>sseKer </it>gene expressions by thyroid hormones (THs), larvae were exposed to the goitrogen thiourea (TU). TU-treated larvae exhibited higher <it>sseKer1 </it>and <it>sseKer2 </it>mRNA levels than untreated control at both 11 and 15 days after treatment. Moreover, addition of exogenous T4 hormone to TU-treated larvae restored or even reduced the steady-state levels with respect to the untreated control, demonstrating that expression of both genes is negatively regulated by THs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have identified two keratin genes, referred to as <it>sseKer1 </it>and <it>sseKer2</it>, in Senegalese sole. Phylogenetic analyses revealed sseKer2 as a novel keratin. Although they exhibit different expression patterns during larval development, both of them are negatively regulated by THs. The co-regulation by THs could explain the reduction of both keratin transcripts after the metamorphosis climax, suggesting their role in the tissue remodelling processes that occur during metamorphosis.</p

Crustacean amphipods from marsh ponds: a nutritious feed resource with potential for application in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

Coastal protection, nutrient cycling, erosion control, water purification, and carbon sequestration are ecosystem services provided by salt marshes. Additionally, salt ponds offer coastal breeding and a nursery habitat for fishes and they provide abundant invertebrates, such as amphipods, which are potentially useful as a resource in aquaculture. Fishmeal and fish oil are necessary food resources to support aquaculture of carnivorous species due to their omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). Currently, aquaculture depends on limited fisheries and feed with elevated n-3 LC-PUFA levels, but the development of more sustainable food sources is necessary. Amphipods appear to be a potential high quality alternative feed resource for aquaculture. Hence, a nutritional study was carried out for several main amphipod species—Microdeutopus gryllotalpa, Monocorophium acherusicum, Gammarus insensibilis, Melita palmata and Cymadusa filosa—in terrestrial ponds in the South of Spain. These species showed high protein content (up to 40%), high n-3 PUFA and phospholipid levels, and high levels of phophatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and triacylglycerols (TAG), the latter being significantly high for M. acherusicum. M. gryllotalpa and M. acherusicum showed the highest proportion of lipids (19.15% and 18.35%, respectively). Isoleucine, glycine and alanine were the dominant amino acids in all species. In addition, amphipods collected from ponds showed low levels of heavy metals. Furthermore, the biochemical profiles of the five species of amphipods have been compared with other studied alternative prey. Therefore, pond amphipods are good candidates to be used as feed, and are proposed as a new sustainable economic resource to be used in aquaculture. G. insensibilis may be the best for intensive culture as an alternative feed resource because it shows: (1) adequate n-3 PUFA and PL composition; (2) high levels of glycine, alanine, tyrosine, isoleucine and lysine; (3) high natural densities; (4) large body size (≥1 cm), and (5) high concentration of calcium. Moreover, a combined culture of amphipods and fishes in these marsh ponds seems a promising and environmentally sustainable way to develop Integrate Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in these ecosystems.Junta de Andalucía Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa P11-RNM-704

Salinity tolerance as a factor controlling spatial patterns in composition and structure of zooplankton in the Guadalquivir estuary

Trabajo presentado en ECSA 56 (Coastal systems in transition: From a 'natural' to an 'anthropogenically-modified' state), celebrado en Bremen del 4 al 7 de septiembre de 2016.N

Population dynamic and trophic position of mysid community demonstrates its key role for nursery function in a temperate estuary

Guadalquivir Estuary is a main nursery ground of marine goal species for Gulf of Cadiz fisheries. It is a well-mixed temperate estuary with horizontal salinity gradient and clear seasonal water temperature trend. Mysid community with Mesopodopsis slabberi, Neomysis integer and Rhopalophthalmus tartessicus make up to over 80% of total macrofauna biomass in the estuary. Life history, population structure, secondary production, trophic level and community spatio-temporal dynamic were unravelled combining analysis of long term 16y monitoring data with 2y of in depth population analysis and trophic biomarker studies. Results show a key trophic role in food web, a seasonal trend showing density peaks ( 23, 3 and 6 mg/m3, respectively) in spring-summer and winter marine coastward migration. Despite being euryhaline, the three species of showed unevenly spatial distribution, being salinity the variable best explaining structure changes of mysid assemblage. Inter- and intra-specific euryhalinity differences both for prey and predators seem to determine the entire spatial estuarine community distribution. High secondary production (P/B rates 38.2, 10.3 and 10.7) and food web studies confirm key role of mysids transferring energy up to juveniles (fish and crustaceans) arriving yearly in spring to their nursery area

Recent advances in the application of stable isotopes as nutritional tools in aquaculture

From an ecological point of view, aquaculture systems consist of simple food webs having a limited number of nutritional sources. These characteristics facilitate the application of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) to assess the flow of dietary components. Due to rapid and measurable bioaccumulation of the heavier stable isotopes, such isotopic shifts can be tracked at different times and at each trophic step to provide an indicator of what dietary components are being incorporated into animal tissue and how fast. The present manuscript presents results from recent, controlled nutritional experiments designed to quantify the relative contribution of dietary carbon and nitrogen supplied by different dietary items. Stable isotopes ratios were measured in a range of food sources and experimental animals. In a first experiment, juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were reared on co-feeding regimes having different proportions of live biomass of the green macroalgae Ulva clathrata and inert feed in order to identify nutritional contributions to tissue growth using dual stable isotope analysis. In another trial, nitrogen stable isotopes were measured to explore the relative dietary nitrogen contributions from fish meal and pea meal (Pisum sativum) to the growth of white shrimp postlarvae fed low protein diets having different proportions of both ingredients. In a third, multidisciplinary experiment, Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae were used as a model to evaluate the effect of different larval feeding regimes on (1) trypsinogen gene expression (ssetryp1), (2) trypsin and chymotrypsin activities and (3) changes in stable isotope composition to estimate the assimilation of dietary carbon from the larval diets

Genomic resources for a commercial flatfish, the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis): EST sequencing, oligo microarray design, and development of the Soleamold bioinformatic platform

Background: The Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, is a highly prized flatfish of growing commercial interest for aquaculture in Southern Europe. However, despite the industrial production of Senegalese sole being hampered primarily by lack of information on the physiological mechanisms involved in reproduction, growth and immunity, very limited genomic information is available on this species. Results: Sequencing of a S. senegalensis multi-tissue normalized cDNA library, from adult tissues (brain, stomach, intestine, liver, ovary, and testis), larval stages (pre-metamorphosis, metamorphosis), juvenile stages (post-metamorphosis, abnormal fish), and undifferentiated gonads, generated 10,185 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Clones were sequenced from the 3'-end to identify isoform specific sequences. Assembly of the entire EST collection into contigs gave 5,208 unique sequences of which 1,769 (34%) had matches in GenBank, thus showing a low level of redundancy. The sequence of the 5,208 unigenes was used to design and validate an oligonucleotide microarray representing 5,087 unique Senegalese sole transcripts. Finally, a novel interactive bioinformatic platform, Soleamold, was developed for the Senegalese sole EST collection as well as microarray and ISH data. Conclusion: New genomic resources have been developed for S. senegalensis, an economically important fish in aquaculture, which include a collection of expressed genes, an oligonucleotide microarray, and a publicly available bioinformatic platform that can be used to study gene expression in this species. These resources will help elucidate transcriptional regulation in wild and captive Senegalese sole for optimization of its production under intensive culture conditions

[Cuestiones sobre cultivos diversos]

Obra facticia que contiene: Vol. I : Quelques conseils à MM. les cutivateurs sur la culture de la betterave à sucre : attaché aux établissements industriels de MM. Van Volxem frères : Hal-Genappe-Marche-lez-Écaussines : Janvier 1889 / par A. Aulard. - Bruxelles : Imp. Lithographie Th. Hotermans, 1889. -- 27 p. -- Cultivo de la remolacha destinada a la producción de azúcar / por Julian Ortigosa. -- 1ª ed. -- Burgos : Imp. de Agapito Díez y Compañía, 1899. -- 26 p. -- La remolacha industrial / por Wladimir Guerrero. -- Granada: [s.n.], 1893 (Tip. Hospital de Santa Ana). -- 14 p. -- Cultivo de la remolacha pobre y cultivo de la remolacha rica / por Wladimir Guerrero. -- Granada: [s.n.], 1893 (Tip. Hospital de Santa Ana). -- 13 p. -- La remolacha y la Hacienda : episodio nacional / Wladimir Guerrero. -- Madrid : Imp. y Librería de Nicolás Moya, 1894. -- 19 p. -- La remolacha y la Hacienda : episodio nacional : (segunda parte) / por Wladimir Guerrero. -- Granada: [s.n.], 1893 (Estab. tip. de F. Gómez de la Cruz), 1894. -- 30 p. -- Apéndice. -- P. 83-98. -- Indice. -- Contestación al folleto publicado : la remolacha y la Hacienda / por Wladimir Guerrero. -- Granada : Imp. de José López Guevara, 1894. -- 16 p. -- Memorias del resultado obtenido sobre el cultivo del trigo y de la remolacha azucarera en el campo elemental de demostración agrícola de la Escuela Rural de Montañana / llevado á efecto por Manuel Garcés. -- Zaragoza : [s.n.], 1893 (Tip. de Julián Sanz y Navarro). -- 15 p. -- Condiciones para que el cultivo de la remolacha azucarera sea remunerador : empleo del nitrato de sosa en la remolacha azucarera y manera de abonar como es debido las demás plantas cultivadas : conferencia dada. / por Maerker de Halle. -- Barcelona : [s.n.], 1897 (Tip. La Académica, de Serra Hermanos y Russell. -- 47 p. -- Recherches de Chimie et de Physiologie Apliques a l'Agriculture. II, Contribution a la Chimie et a la Physiologie de la betterave a sucre / par A. Petermann. -- Bruxelles : F. Hayez, 1889. -- 59 p., [3] h. pleg. -- Apuntes de agricultura : estudio sobre el trigo / por D. A. Ch. -- Valencia : Librería de Pascual Aguilar. -- 29 p. -- Fécondation artificielle des céréales ou moyen de faire rendre aux céréales. / par M. Daniel Hooïbrenk. -- París : Librairie Agricole de la Maison Rustique, 1864. -- 24 p. -- Problemas agrícolas : cereales de secano / por Fernando y Miguel Ortiz Cañavete. -- 1ª ed. -- Madrid : Imp. de Antonio Menárguez, 1895. -- 80 p. -- Cultivos perfeccionados : maíz y tabaco / Fernando López Tuero. -- Puerto Rico : Imp. y Librería de Acosta, 1890. -- 70 p. -- Cultivos tropicales : añil y vainilla / Fernando López Tuero. -- Ed. de la Junta Provincial de Agricultura, Industria y Comercio. -- Puerto Rico : Imp. del Boletín Mercantil, 1892. -- 55 p. -- Tratado de la práctica razonada de olivares ailantinos : nuevo sistema de cultivo de las haciendas de olivar / ideado y propuesto por Juan Pablo Gómez y Hemas. -- Sevilla : Imp. de la Andalucía, 1867. -- 123 p. -- Indice. -- Del olivo y su cultivo, memoria presentada a la Junta de Agricultura de la provincia de Jaén / por Pedro Espinera ; impresa por acuerdo de la misma. -- Madrid : Imp. que fué de Operarios, à cargo de D.F.R. del Castillo, 1851. -- 19 p. -- Apuntes sobre un nuevo Roble (Q. Jordane) : de la flora de Filipinas / por Máximo Laguna y Villanueva. -- Madrid : [s.n.], 1875 (Estab. Tip. de Manuel Minuesa). -- 8 p., [1] h. pleg.-- Cultivo y plantación de la vid : informe de la Sección de Agricultura de la Real Sociedad Económica Aragonesa de Amigos del País : aprobado en la sesión extraordinaria del día 28 de Enero de 1882 / á la ponencia del socio José Valier.-- Zaragoza : [s.n.], 1882 (Tip. del Hospicio Provincial). -- 19 p. - Vol. II : Importancia agrícola é industrial de la planta textil denominada el Ramié / por Luis María Utor. -- Madrid : [s.n.], 1884 (Tip. de Manuel G. Hernández). -- 78 p. -- Tabaco : nociones de cultivo y elaboración / por Miguel Mayol García. -- Valencia : Imp. de "El Correo de Valencia", 1899. -- 44 p. -- El tabaco : descripción botánica. / por Emilio Gómez Flores. -- Madrid : [s.n.], 1889 (Tip. de Manuel G. Hernández). -- 155 p., [1] h. de lám. : il. -- Bibliogr. -- Las viñas en rastra según el sistema de Chissay : método práctico é importante de poner y explotar los viñedos en muchas regiones de España / por Eduardo Abela. -- Madrid : Imp. de Manuel G. Hernández, 1882. -- 80 p. : il. -- Estudios sobre las maderas. -- 62 p., [1] h. pleg. -- Memoria sobre los cultivos más importantes de Italia / por Miguel Ortiz de Cañavete. -- 36 p. -- El Ramio : instrucciones prácticas para su cultivo / M. Álvarez Muñiz director y propietario de la revista La Reforma Agrícola. -- Madrid : [s.n.], 1887 (Tip. de los Huérfanos). -- 40 p

Variación estacional de la condición nutricional larvaria del boquerón (Engraulis encrasicolus) en el estuario del Guadalquivir

European anchovy recruitment to the Guadalquivir estuary mainly occurs when the environmental conditions show more stability. Unusual changes in the environmental conditions of this estuary negatively impacted on key preys of anchovy and therefore on its nursery function. In this way, nutritional condition should determine strongly the physiological state of this species in estuaries and thus its survival and recruitment. RNA:DNA ratio has been applied with success as indicator of nutritional condition and growth in marine organisms. We study RNA:DNA ratio in anchovies of the coupled system Guadalquivir estuary-coastal influenced area in the Gulf of Cádiz in order to evaluate the condition seasonal variability of this species along this spatial gradient. Spatial differences in the size distribution of anchovy and high values of RNA:DNA in the Guadalquivir estuary compared to its influence coastal area suggest that anchovies migrate to the estuary and they acquire a very good condition. We conclude that RNA:DNA is an useful tool to understand the ecological mechanisms by which the coupled system Guadalquivir estuary-coastal influenced area in the Gulf of Cádiz control the success or failure of the recruitment of this important fishery resource in the region