1,148 research outputs found
Factores de riesgo para hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria en pacientes a término, estudio de casos y controles en un hospital de Bogotá
Introducción: la hipoglucemia neonatal es frecuente y puede presentarse de forma transitoria o persistente. Existen diferentes puntos de corte de glucemia para poder definirla y usualmente son menores de 47 mg/dL. Se han evidenciado factores de riesgo tanto maternos como neonatales para desarrollar esta enfermedad, que aumentan el riesgo de padecerla entre un 14,7 % y 83,2 % en comparación a un 5% respecto a los pacientes que no los poseen. Así mismo se ha demostrado que el retraso en el tratamiento de la hipoglucemia genera alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo.
Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria de recién nacidos a término sin factores de riesgo determinados por la guía de la Academia Americana de Pediatría, en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael en el período comprendido de enero de 2015 a enero de 2019.
Metodología: estudio observacional analítico, retrospectivo de tipo casos y controles, desde enero de 2015 a enero de 2019. Se realiza el cálculo de muestra y se obtienen 35 casos y 35 controles mediante el software estadístico Real Statistics 6.9 de enero de 2020.
Resultados: La mayor proporción de pacientes en el estudio fue de sexo femenino (61,43 %), 20 casos y 23 controles. El promedio de glucosa de ingreso de los casos fue de 40,8 mg/dL. Dentro de los factores de riesgo se encontró el sobrepeso materno (OR de 1,2), cesáreas (OR 2,5), hipertensión inducida por el embarazo (OR 4,38). Se encontró una asociación significativa con Apgar al minuto de 5 (3 pacientes [8,57 %]); primer aporte energético recibido del recién nacido (25 [71,4 %] recibieron lactancia materna), taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido (6 [17,14 %]) y policitemia (10 [28,57 %]) como variables en el recién nacido y el tiempo de apego como variable materna (7 [20 %]) en los casos que no la recibieron.
Conclusiones: en la población a término considerada sana que desarrolla hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria se encontró asociación con un Apgar al minuto de 5, el primer aporte energético recibido, la taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido, la policitemia y el apego como factores que influyen en su aparición. Se hace un llamado para hacer una mayor vigilancia de este grupo de recién nacidos que, aunque presentan menor incidencia de hipoglucemia, sí necesitan del acompañamiento y seguimiento
Tidally locked rotation of the dwarf planet (136199) Eris discovered from long-term ground based and space photometry
The rotational states of the members in the dwarf planet - satellite systems
in the transneptunian region are determined by the formation conditions and the
tidal interaction between the components, and these rotational characteristics
are the prime tracers of their evolution. Previously a number of authors
claimed highly diverse values for the rotation period for the dwarf planet
Eris, ranging from a few hours to a rotation (nearly) synchronous with the
orbital period (15.8 d) of its satellite, Dysnomia. In this letter we present
new light curve data of Eris, taken with 1-2m-class ground based
telescopes, and with the TESS and Gaia space telescopes. TESS data could not
provide a well-defined light curve period, but could constrain light curve
variations to a maximum possible light curve amplitude of
0.03 mag (1-) for P 24 h periods. Both the combined ground-based
data and the Gaia measurements unambiguously point to a light curve period
equal to the orbital period of Dysnomia, P = 15.8 d, with a light curve
amplitude of 0.03 mag, i.e. the rotation of Eris is
tidally locked. Assuming that Dysnomia has a collisional origin, calculations
with a simple tidal evolution model show that Dysnomia has to be relatively
massive (mass ratio of q = 0.01--0.03) and large (radius of 300
km) to slow down Eris to synchronized rotation. These simulations also indicate
that -- assuming tidal parameters usually considered for transneptunian objects
-- the density of Dysnomia should be 1.8-2.4 , an exceptionally high
value among similarly sized transneptunian objects, putting important
constraints on the formation conditions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters, data
of tables A.1, A.2 and A.4 are available at
https://cloud.konkoly.hu/s/ESiKi4GZyifJmj
On stability of discretizations of the Helmholtz equation (extended version)
We review the stability properties of several discretizations of the
Helmholtz equation at large wavenumbers. For a model problem in a polygon, a
complete -explicit stability (including -explicit stability of the
continuous problem) and convergence theory for high order finite element
methods is developed. In particular, quasi-optimality is shown for a fixed
number of degrees of freedom per wavelength if the mesh size and the
approximation order are selected such that is sufficiently small and
, and, additionally, appropriate mesh refinement is used near
the vertices. We also review the stability properties of two classes of
numerical schemes that use piecewise solutions of the homogeneous Helmholtz
equation, namely, Least Squares methods and Discontinuous Galerkin (DG)
methods. The latter includes the Ultra Weak Variational Formulation
VHMPID: a new detector for the ALICE experiment at LHC
This article presents the basic idea of VHMPID, an upgrade detector for the
ALICE experiment at LHC, CERN. The main goal of this detector is to extend the
particle identification capabilities of ALICE to give more insight into the
evolution of the hot and dense matter created in Pb-Pb collisions. Starting
from the physics motivations and working principles the challenges and current
status of development is detailed.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures. To be published in EPJ Web of Conference
The Role of Spirituality Healing with Perceptions of the Medical Encounter among Latinos
Little is known about the relationship between spirituality healing and perceptions about the medical encounter among Latinos.
To examine the association between spirituality healing and attitudes of self-reported perceptions about the medical encounter.
A cross-sectional telephone survey.
3,728 Latinos aged ≥18 years residing in the United States from Wave 1 of the Pew Hispanic Center/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Latino Health Survey.
Dependent variables were ever prayed for healing (yes/no), ever asked others to pray for healing (yes/no), considered important spiritual healing (very vs. somewhat or not important), and ever consulted a ‘curandero’ (folk healer in Latin America) (yes/no). The primary independent variables were feelings about the last time seeing a Doctor (confused by information given, or frustrated by lack of information) and perception of quality of medical care (excellent, good, fair or poor) within the past 12 months.
Six percent of individuals reported that they had ever consulted a curandero, 60% prayed for healing, 49% asked others to pray for healing, and 69% considered spiritual healing as very important. In multivariable analyses, feeling confused was associated with increased odds of consulting a curandero (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02–2.45), praying for healing (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03–1.64), asking others to pray for healing (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03–1.62), and considering spiritual healing as very important (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01–1.66). Feeling frustrated by a lack of information was associated with asking others to pray for healing (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04–1.60). A better perception of quality of medical care was associated with lower odds of consulting a curandero (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70–0.98).
Feelings about the medical encounter were associated with spirituality healing, praying for healing, and asking others to pray for healing. Feeling confused and perception of poor quality of medical care were associated with consulting a curandero
Detection of a reservoir of bedaquiline / clofazimine resistance associated variants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis predating the antibiotic era
Drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) poses a major ongoing challenge to public health. The recent
inclusion of bedaquiline into TB drug regimens has improved treatment outcomes, but this advance is
threatened by the emergence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resistant to bedaquiline.
Clinical bedaquiline resistance is most frequently conferred by resistance-associated variants (RAVs)
in the Rv0678 gene which can also confer cross-resistance to clofazimine, another TB drug. We
compiled a dataset of 3,682 Mtb genomes, including 223 carrying Rv0678 bedaquiline RAVs. We
identified at least 15 cases where RAVs were present in the genomes of strains collected prior to the
use of bedaquiline in TB treatment regimes. Phylogenetic analyses point to multiple emergence events
and circulation of RAVs in Rv0678, often prior to the introduction of bedaquiline or clofazimine. We
also identify one case where the RAV Ile67fs is estimated to have emerged prior to the antibiotic era.
The presence of a pre-existing reservoir of bedaquiline-resistant Mtb strains augments the need for rapid
drug susceptibility testing and individualised regimen selection to safeguard the use of bedaquiline in
TB care and control
CD4 Depletion in SIV-Infected Macaques Results in Macrophage and Microglia Infection with Rapid Turnover of Infected Cells
In rhesus macaques (RMs), experimental depletion of CD4+ T-cells prior to SIV infection results in higher viremia and emergence of CD4-independent SIV-envelopes. In this study we used the rhesus recombinant anti-CD4 antibody CD4R1 to deplete RM CD4+ T-cells prior to SIVmac251 infection and investigate the sources of the increased viral burden and the lifespan of productively infected cells. CD4-depleted animals showed (i) set-point viral load two-logs higher than controls; (ii) macrophages constituting 80% of all SIV vRNA+ cells in lymph node and mucosal tissues; (iii) substantial expansion of pro-inflammatory monocytes; (iv) aberrant activation and infection of microglial cells; and (v) lifespan of productively infected cells significantly longer in comparison to controls, but markedly shorter than previously estimated for macrophages. The net effect of CD4+ T-cell depletion is an inability to control SIV replication and a shift in the tropism of infected cells to macrophages, microglia, and, potentially, other CD4-low cells which all appear to have a shortened in vivo lifespan. We believe these findings have important implications for HIV eradication studies
The HY5-PIF regulatory module coordinates light and temperature control of photosynthetic gene transcription
The ability to interpret daily and seasonal alterations in light and temperature signals is essential for plant survival. This is particularly important during seedling establishment when the phytochrome photoreceptors activate photosynthetic pigment production for photoautotrophic growth. Phytochromes accomplish this partly through the suppression of phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs), negative regulators of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis. While the bZIP transcription factor long hypocotyl 5 (HY5), a potent PIF antagonist, promotes photosynthetic pigment accumulation in response to light. Here we demonstrate that by directly targeting a common promoter cis-element (G-box), HY5 and PIFs form a dynamic activation-suppression transcriptional module responsive to light and temperature cues. This antagonistic regulatory module provides a simple, direct mechanism through which environmental change can redirect transcriptional control of genes required for photosynthesis and photoprotection. In the regulation of photopigment biosynthesis genes, HY5 and PIFs do not operate alone, but with the circadian clock. However, sudden changes in light or temperature conditions can trigger changes in HY5 and PIFs abundance that adjust the expression of common target genes to optimise photosynthetic performance and growth
Longitudinal blood biomarker trajectories in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
INTRODUCTION: Plasma biomarkers are altered years prior to Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical onset. METHODS: We measured longitudinal changes in plasma amyloid-beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio, pTau181, pTau231, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in a cohort of older adults at risk of AD (n = 373 total, n = 229 with Aβ and tau positron emission tomography [PET] scans) considering genetic and demographic factors as possible modifiers of these markers' progression. RESULTS: Aβ42/40 ratio concentrations decreased, while NfL and GFAP values increased over the 4-year follow-up. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers showed faster increase in plasma pTau181 than non-carriers. Older individuals showed a faster increase in plasma NfL, and females showed a faster increase in plasma GFAP values. In the PET subsample, individuals both Aβ-PET and tau-PET positive showed faster plasma pTau181 and GFAP increase compared to PET-negative individuals. DISCUSSION: Plasma markers can track biological change over time, with plasma pTau181 and GFAP markers showing longitudinal change in individuals with preclinical AD. HIGHLIGHTS: Longitudinal increase of plasma pTau181 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) can be measured in the preclinical phase of AD. Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers experience faster increase in plasma pTau181 over time than non-carriers. Female sex showed accelerated increase in plasma GFAP over time compared to males. Aβ42/40 and pTau231 values are already abnormal at baseline in individuals with both amyloid and tau PET burden
Topology by Design in Magnetic nano-Materials: Artificial Spin Ice
Artificial Spin Ices are two dimensional arrays of magnetic, interacting
nano-structures whose geometry can be chosen at will, and whose elementary
degrees of freedom can be characterized directly. They were introduced at first
to study frustration in a controllable setting, to mimic the behavior of spin
ice rare earth pyrochlores, but at more useful temperature and field ranges and
with direct characterization, and to provide practical implementation to
celebrated, exactly solvable models of statistical mechanics previously devised
to gain an understanding of degenerate ensembles with residual entropy. With
the evolution of nano--fabrication and of experimental protocols it is now
possible to characterize the material in real-time, real-space, and to realize
virtually any geometry, for direct control over the collective dynamics. This
has recently opened a path toward the deliberate design of novel, exotic
states, not found in natural materials, and often characterized by topological
properties. Without any pretense of exhaustiveness, we will provide an
introduction to the material, the early works, and then, by reporting on more
recent results, we will proceed to describe the new direction, which includes
the design of desired topological states and their implications to kinetics.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures, 116 references, Book Chapte
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