1,108 research outputs found

    Radiative falloff in Einstein-Straus spacetime

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    The Einstein-Straus spacetime describes a nonrotating black hole immersed in a matter-dominated cosmology. It is constructed by scooping out a spherical ball of the dust and replacing it with a vacuum region containing a black hole of the same mass. The metric is smooth at the boundary, which is comoving with the rest of the universe. We study the evolution of a massless scalar field in the Einstein-Straus spacetime, with a special emphasis on its late-time behavior. This is done by numerically integrating the scalar wave equation in a double-null coordinate system that covers both portions (vacuum and dust) of the spacetime. We show that the field's evolution is governed mostly by the strong concentration of curvature near the black hole, and the discontinuity in the dust's mass density at the boundary; these give rise to a rather complex behavior at late times. Contrary to what it would do in an asymptotically-flat spacetime, the field does not decay in time according to an inverse power-law.Comment: ReVTeX, 12 pages, 14 figure

    Leaders-cheaters in male group cooperation: differences in nonverbal communication and genetic factors

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    Here we report on the results of an experimental study investigating "who?" emerges as a leader in the context of male group cooperation and "how?" they do that. The study was designed based on the iterated Public Goods Game, played face-to-face in groups composed of four male strangers. The game involved interactions both with and without communication to allow the assessment of individual cooperative strategies, leadership potential, and individual features of positive nonverbal expressiveness during interactions. Along with the individual behavioural characteristics we have addressed personality traits (the Big Five) and an oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (OXTR: SNP rs53576; A/G) as putative markers of individual sociability. Our results revealed that emergent leaders most often employed the strategy of unconditional cooperation ("altruism") and were characterized by enhanced positive facial expressiveness and extraversion compared to non-leaders. However, a fraction of emergent leaders (25%) turned out to be occasional free-riders ("cheaters"). Their distinctive features were the highest scores on extraversion, exaggerated activity in negotiations, and over-expression of positive nonverbal elements. Given the high efficiency of leaders-cheaters' behaviour, we consider this result as the evidence for supernormal stimuli functioning in humans. Moreover, leaders-cheaters were characterized by a specific allelic frequency of OXTR rs53576 (heterozygosity: AG). The homozygous GG variant of this SNP is argued to be associated with prosociality, and the AA, on the contrary, with poor sociability. The heterozygous variant (AG) probably is a compromise that enables its carriers to successfully combine high social skills with anti-social behavior (free-riding). This finding supports existing evidence on the role of OXTR rs53576 in human social behaviour

    Diagnosis And Treatment Of Congenital Hemophilia With Inhibitors. A Latin American Perspective

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    The Committee of Latin America on the Therapeutics of Inhibitor Groups (CLOTTING) is composed of a number of hemophilia specialists from Latin America. The group aims to encourage the adoption of a good standard of care for Latin American patients with hemophilia. The occurrence of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia poses clinical challenges, and it is estimated that between 1 000 and 3 000 patients in Latin America are affected by hemophilia with inhibitors. There is an urgent need to establish a regional consensus and clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. We present an extensive review based on best current clinical practice and published literature, as seen from a Latin American perspective, taking into account the variable nature of hemophilia care available in the various countries in this Region.683227242Ehrenforth, S., Kreuz, W., Scharrer, I., Incidence of development of factor VIII and factor IX inhibitors in haemophiliacs (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 594-598Katz, J., Prevalence of factor IX inhibitors among patients with haemophilia B: Results of a large-scale North American study (1996) Haemophilia, 2, pp. 28-31Goudemand, J., Pharmaco-economic aspects of inhibitor treatment (1998) Eur J Haematol, 61, pp. 24-27World Hemophilia Federation Report on Global Survey 2006. World Federation of Hemophilia, 2007. On www.wfh.orgconsulted on 23/04/2008Rieger, A., Roisenberg, I., Prevalence of factor VIII inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A in Brazil (1999) Thromb Haemost, 81, pp. 475-476Fontes, E.M., Amorim, L., Carvalho, S.M., Farah, M.B., Hemophilia care in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2003) Rev Panam Salud Pública, 13, pp. 124-128Izquierdo-Ramírez, J., Contreras-Mulato, E.L., Sotelo-Ham, E.I., Incidence of inhibitors in children with hemophilia A (1988) Bol Med Hosp Infant Méx, 45, pp. 578-582Boadas, A., Ruiz-Sáez, A., Arguello, A., de Bosch, N., Prevalence and acute bleeding treatment of allo and auto FVIII and FIX antibodies cases in Venezuela (2004) Haemophilia, 10, p. 56Wight, J., Paisley, S., The epidemiology of inhibitors in hemophilia A: A systematic review (2003) Haemophilia, 9, pp. 418-435Delivery of treatment for hemophilia (2002) Report of a joint WHO/WFH/ISTH meeting, , World Health OrganizationHay, C.R., Brown, S., Collins, P.W., Keeling, D.M., Liesner, R., The diagnosis and management of factor VIII and IX inhibitors: A guideline from the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors Organization (2006) Br J Haematol, 133, pp. 591-605Ewing, N.P., Kasper, C.K., In vitro detection of mild inhibitors to factor VIII in hemophilia (1982) Am J Clin Pathol, 77, pp. 749-752Verbruggen, B., Novakova, I., Wessels, H., Boezeman, J., van den Berg, M., Mauser-Bunschoten, E., The Nijmegen modification of the Bethesda assay for factor VIII:C inhibitors: Improved specificity and reliability (1995) Thromb Haemost, 73, pp. 247-251Giles, A.R., Verbruggen, B., Rivard, G.E., Teitel, J., Walker, I., A detailed comparison of the performance of the standard versus the Nijmegen modification of the Bethesda assay in detecting factor VIII:C inhibitors in the hemophilia A population of Canada. Association of Hemophilia Centre Directors of Canada. Factor VIII/IX Subcommittee of Scientific and Standardization Committee of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (1998) Thromb Haemost, 79, pp. 872-875Verbruggen, B., van Heerde, W., Novakova, I., Lillicrap, D., Giles, A., A 4% solution of bovine serum albumin may be used in place of factor VIII:C deficient plasma in the control sample in the Nijmegen modification of the Bethesda factor VIII:C inhibitor assay (2002) Thromb Haemost, 88, pp. 362-364White II, G.C., Rosendaal, F., Aledort, L.M., Lusher, J.M., Rothschild, C., Ingerslev, J., Definitions in hemophilia. Recommendation of the scientific subcommittee on factor VIII and factor IX of the scientific and standardization committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (2001) Thromb Haemost, 85, p. 560Kitchen, S., McCraw, A., (2000) Diagnosis of hemophilia and other bleeding disorders, , A laboratory manual. World Federation of Hemophiliahttp://www.med.unc.edu/isth, Available at:, Accessed November 2005http://www.wfh.org, Available at:, Accessed November 2005Oldenburg, J., Brackmann, H.H., Schwaab, R., Risk factors for inhibitor development in hemophilia A (2000) Haematologica, 85, pp. 7-13Rossetti, L.C., Candela, M., Pérez Bianco, R., de Tezanos Pinto, M., Western, A., Goodeve, A., Analysis of factor VIII gene intron 1 inversion in Argentinean families with severe hemophilia A and a review of the literature (2004) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 15, pp. 569-572Santos, A., Montalva, O., Thomas, S., Veiga, M., De Paula, E., Ozelo, M., Genetic and ethnic aspects related to the development of inhibitors among Brazilian patients with hemophilia from five distinct geographical regions in Brazil (2006) Haemophilia, 12, pp. 1-154Mantilla-Capacho, J.M., Beltrán-Miranda, C.P., Luna-Záizar, H., Frequency of intron 1 and 22 inversions of Factor VIII gene in Mexican patients with severe Hemophilia A (2007) Am J Hematol, 82, pp. 283-287Guidelines for the management of hemophilia. World Federation of Hemophilia, 2005Girolami, A., Luzzatto, G., Varvarikis, C., Pellati, D., Sartori, R., Girolami, B., Main clinical manifestations of a bleeding diathesis: An often disregarded aspect of medical and surgical history taking (2005) Haemophilia, 11, pp. 193-202Suggestions for the management of FVIII inhibitors (2000) Treatment of Hemophilia Monograph, , Inhibitor Subcommittee of the Association of Hemophilia Clinic Directors of Canada, revised edition, World Federation of HemophiliaKasper, C., Diagnosis and management of inhibitors to factors VIII and IX (2004) Treatment of Hemophilia Monograph, , World Federation of HemophiliaGringeri, A., Mannucci, P.M., Italian Association of Haemophilia Centres. Italian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hemophilia and inhibitors (2005) Haemophilia, 11, pp. 611-619Key, N.S., Aledort, L.M., Beardsley, D., Home treatment of mild to moderate bleeding episodes using recombinant factor VIIa (NovoSeven) in haemophiliacs with inhibitors (1998) Thromb Haemost, 80, pp. 912-918Ingerslev, J., Sneppen, O., Hvid, I., Fredberg, U., Kristensen, H.L., Sindet-Petersen, S., Treatment of acute bleeding episodes with rFVIIa (1999) Vox Sang, 77, pp. 42-46Santagostino, E., Gringeri, A., Mannucci, P.M., Home treatment with recombinant activated factor VII in patients with factor VIII inhibitors: The advantages of early intervention (1999) Br J Haematol, 104, pp. 22-26Negrier, C., Goudemand, J., Sultan, Y., Bertrand, M., Rothschild, C., Lauroua, P., Multicenter retrospective study on the utilization of FEIBA in France in patients with factor VIII and factor IX inhibitors. French FEIBA Study Group. Factor Eight Bypassing Activity (1997) Thromb Haemost, 77, pp. 1113-1119Astermark, J., Donfield, S.M., DiMichelle, D.M., A randomized comparison of bypassing agents in hemophilia complicated by an inhibitor - The Feiba® NovoSeven® Comparative Study (FENOC) (2007) Blood, 109, pp. 546-551Young, G., Shafer, F.E., Rojas, P., Seremetis, S., Single 270 μg kg-1 dose rFVIIa vs. standard 90 μg kg-1 dose rFVIIa and APCC for home treatment of joint bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: A randomized comparison (2008) Haemophilia, 14, pp. 287-294Ozelo, M.C., Villaça, P.R., De Almeida, J.O., A cost evaluation of treatment alternatives for mild-to-moderate bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors in Brazil (2007) Haemophilia, 13, pp. 462-469Kenet, G., Lubetsky, A., Luboshitz, J., Martinowitz, U., A new approach to treatment of bleeding episodes in young hemophilia patients: A single bolus megadose of recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven) (2003) J Thromb Haemost, 1, pp. 450-455Parameswaran, R., Shapiro, A.D., Gill, J.C., Kessler, C.M., Dose effect and efficacy of rFVIIa in the treatment of hemophilia patients with inhibitors: Analysis from the Hemophilia and Thrombosis Research Society Registry (2005) Haemophilia, 11, pp. 100-106Kavakli, K., Makris, M., Zulfikar, B., Erhardtsen, E., Abrams, Z.S., Kenet, G., Home treatment of haemarthroses using single dose regimen of recombinant activated factor VII in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors. A multi-centre, randomized, double blind, cross-over trial (2006) Thromb Haemost, 95, pp. 600-605Santagostino, E., Mancuso, M.E., Rocino, A., Mancuso, G., Scaraggi, F., Mannucci, P.M., A prospective randomized trial of high and standard dosages of recombinant factor VIIa for treatment of haemarthroses in hemophiliacs with inhibitors (2006) J Thromb Haemost, 4, pp. 367-371Schneiderman, J., Nugent, D.J., Young, G., Sequential therapy with activated prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant factor VIIa in patients with severe hemophilia and inhibitors (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 347-351Lusher, J.M., Shapiro, S.S., Palascak, J.E., Rao, A.V., Levine, P.H., Blatt, P.M., Efficacy of prothrombin-complex concentrates in hemophiliacs with antibodies to factor VIII: A multicenter therapeutic trial (1980) NEJM, 303, pp. 421-425Teitel, J., Berntorp, E., Collins, P., A systematic approach to controlling problem bleeds in patients with severe congenital hemophilia A and high-titre inhibitors (2007) Haemophilia, 13, pp. 256-263Lloyd Jones, M., Wight, J., Paisley, S., Knight, C., Control of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A with inhibitors: A systematic review (2003) Haemophilia, 9, pp. 464-520Ewenstein, B.M., Takemoto, C., Warrier, I., Nephrotic syndrome as a complication of immune tolerance in hemophilia B (1997) Blood, 89, pp. 1115-1116Warrier, I., Lenk, H., Saidi, P., Pollmann, H., Tengborn, L., Berntorp, E., Nephrotic syndrome in hemophilia B patients with inhibitors (1998) Haemophilia, 4, p. 248Warrier, I., Management of hemophilia B patients with inhibitors and anaphylaxis (1998) Haemophilia, 4, pp. 574-576Strawczynski, H., Stachewitsch, A., Morgenstern, G., Shaw, M.E., Delivery of care to hemophilic children: Home care versus hospitalization (1973) Pediatrics, 51, pp. 986-991Rabiner, S.F., Telfer, M.C., Fajardo, R., Home transfusions of hemophiliacs (1972) JAMA, 221, pp. 885-887Levine, P., The home therapy program at the New England area hemophilia center (1977) Scand J Haematol, 31, pp. 37-51Soucie, J.M., Symons, J.I., Evatt, B., Brettler, D., Huszti, H., Linden, J., Home-based factor infusion therapy and hospitalization for bleeding complications among males with hemophilia (2001) Haemophilia, 7, pp. 198-206Solovieva, S., Clinical severity of disease, functional disability and health-related quality of life. Three-year follow-up study of 150 Finnish patients with coagulation disorders (2001) Haemophilia, 7, pp. 53-63Teitel, J.M., Barnard, D., Israels, S., Lillicrap, D., Poon, M.C., Sek, J., Home management of hemophilia (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 118-133Ingerslev, J., Thykjær, H., Scheibel, E., Approaches towards successful home treatment in patients with inhibitors (1998) Eur J Haematol, 61, pp. 11-14Young, G., McDaniel, M., Nugent, D.J., Prophylactic recombinant factor VIIa in hemophilia patients with inhibitors (2005) Haemophilia, 11, pp. 203-207Saxon, B.R., Shanks, D., Jory, C.B., Williams, V., Effective prophylaxis with daily recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa-Novoseven) in a child with high titre inhibitors and a target joint (2001) Thromb Haemost, 86, pp. 1126-1127Konkle, B.A., Ebbesen, L.S., Erhardtsen, E., Randomized, prospective clinical trial of recombinant factor VIIa for secondary prophylaxis in hemophilia patients with inhibitors (2007) J Thromb Haemost, 5, pp. 1904-1913Hoots, W.K., Ebbesen, L.S., Konkle, B.A., Secondary prophylaxis with recombinant activated factor VII improves health-related quality of life of hemophilia patients with inhibitors (2008) Haemophilia, 14, pp. 466-475Leissinger, C.A., Prevention of bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: Emerging data and clinical direction (2004) Am J Hematol, 77, pp. 187-193Luu, H., Ewenstein, B., FEIBA safety profile in multiple modes of clinical and home-therapy application (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 10-16Leissinger, C.A., Becton, D.L., Ewing, N.P., Valentino, L.A., Prophylactic treatment with activated prothrombin complex concentrate (FEIBA) reduces the frequency of bleeding episodes in paediatric patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors (2007) Haemophilia, 13, pp. 249-255Villar, A., Aronis, S., Morfini, M., Pharmacokinetics of activated recombinant coagulation factor VII (NovoSeven®) in children vs. adults with hemophilia A (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 352-359Klitgaard, T., Nielsen, T.G., Overview of the human pharmacokinetics of recombinant activated factor VII (2008) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 65, pp. 3-11Rodriguez-Merchan, E.C., Rocino, A., Ewenstein, B., Consensus perspectives on surgery in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: Summary statement (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 50-52Hilgartner, M.W., Factor replacement therapy (1989) Hemophilia in the Child and Adults, pp. 1-26. , Hilgartner MW, Pochedly C eds, New York, Raven Press Ltd(2000) Oxford Textbook of Surgery, , Morris PJ, Wood WG eds, 2nd edition. Oxford, Oxford University PressRickard, K.A., Guidelines for therapy and optimal dosages of coagulation factors for treatment of bleeding and surgery in hemophilia (1995) Haemophilia, 1, pp. 8-13Shapiro, A., Gilchrist, G.S., Hoots, W.K., Cooper, H.A., Gastineau, D.A., Prospective, randomised trial of two doses of rFVIIa (NovoSeven) in hemophilia patients with inhibitors undergoing surgery (1998) Thromb Haemost, 80, pp. 773-778Hvid, I., Rodriguez-Merchan, E.C., Orthopaedic surgery in haemophilic patients with inhibitors: An overview (2002) Haemophilia, 8, pp. 288-291Rodriguez-Merchan, E.C., Rocino, A., Literature review of surgery management in inhibitor patients (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 22-29Abshire, T., Kenet, G., Recombinant factor VIIa: Review of efficacy, dosing regimens and safety in patients with congenital and acquired factor VIII or IX inhibitors (2004) J Thromb Haemost, 2, pp. 899-909Ingerslev, J., Efficacy and safety of Recombinant Factor VIIa in the prophylaxis of bleeding in various surgical procedures in hemophilic patients with factor VIII and factor IX inhibitors (2000) Semin Thromb Hemost, 26, pp. 425-432Tjønnfjord, G.E., Brinch, L., Gedde-Dahl III, T., Brosstad, F.R., Activated prothrombin complex concentrate (FEIBA) treatment during surgery in patients with inhibitors to FVIII/IX (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 174-178Ingerslev, J., Sorensen, B., Role of recombinant activated factor VII as hemostatic support in orthopedic surgery (2006) TATM, 8, pp. 35-42Obergfell, A., Auvinen, M.K., Mathew, P., Recombinant activated factor VII for haemophilia patients with inhibitors undergoing orthopaedic surgery: A review of the literature (2008) Haemophilia, 14, pp. 233-241Ewenstein, B.M., Valentino, L.A., Journeycake, J.M., Consensus recommendations for use of central venous access devices in hemophilia (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 629-648Morado, M., Jimenez-Yuste, V., Villar, A., Complications of central venous catheters in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors (2001) Haemophilia, 7, pp. 551-556Bollard, C.M., Teague, L.R., Berry, E.W., Ockelford, P.A., The use of central venous catheters (portacaths) in children with hemophilia (2000) Haemophilia, 6, pp. 66-70O'Connell, N., Mc Mahon, C., Smith, J., Recombinant factor VIIa in the management of surgery and acute bleeding episodes in children with hemophilia and high responding inhibitors (2002) Br J Haematol, 116, pp. 632-635Cooper, H.A., Jones, C.P., Campion, E., Roberts, H.R., Hedner, U., Rationale for the use of high dose rFVIIa in a high-titre inhibitor patient with hemophilia B during major orthopaedic procedures (2001) Haemophilia, 7, pp. 517-522Colowick, A.B., Bohn, R.L., Avorn, J., Ewenstein, B.M., Immune tolerance induction in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: Costly can be cheaper (2000) Blood, 96, pp. 1698-1702Brackmann, H.H., Gormsen, J., Massive factor-VIII infusion in haemophiliac with factor-VIII inhibitor, high responder (1977) Lancet, 2, p. 933Key, N.S., Inhibitors in congenital coagulation disorders (2004) Br J Haematol, 127, pp. 379-391Nilsson, I.M., Berntorp, E., Zettervall, O., Induction of immune tolerance in patients with hemophilia and antibodies to factor VIII by combined treatment with intravenous IgG, cyclophosphamide, and factor VIII (1988) NEJM, 318, pp. 947-950Mathias, M., Khair, K., Hann, I., Liesner, R., Rituximab in the treatment of alloimmune factor VIII and IX antibodies in two children with severe hemophilia (2004) Br J Haematol, 125, pp. 366-368Stasi, R., Brunetti, M., Stipa, E., Amadori, S., Selective B-cell depletion with rituximab for the treatment of patients with acquired hemophilia (2004) Blood, 103, pp. 4424-4428Carcao, M., Ungar, W.J., Feldman, B.M., Cost-utility analysis in evaluating prophylaxis in hemophilia (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 50-57Curtin, J., Misra, A., Teo, J., Webster, B., Lammi, A., Use of Rituximab as an alternative strategy for the management of difficult high titre inhibitors in children with hemophilia A (2004) Haemophilia, 10, p. 57DiMichele, D., Immune tolerance therapy dose as an outcome predictor (2003) Haemophilia, 9, pp. 382-386Mariani, G., Kroner, B., Immune tolerance in hemophilia with factor VIII inhibitors: Predictors of success (2001) Haematologica, 86, pp. 1186-1193DiMichele, D., Inhibitors: Resolving diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas (2002) Haemophilia, 8, pp. 280-287Lenk, H., The German Registry of immune tolerance treatment in hemophilia-1999 update (2000) Haematologica, 85, pp. 45-47Haya, S., Lopez, M.F., Aznar, J.A., Batlle, J., Immune tolerance treatment in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: The Spanish Registry (2001) Haemophilia, 7, pp. 154-159DiMichele, D.M., Hoots, W.K., Pipe, S.W., Rivard, G.E., Santagostino, E., International workshop on immune tolerance induction: Consensus recomendations (2007) Haemophilia, 13, pp. 1-22Kreuz, W., Mentzer, D., Auerswald, G., Becker, S., Joseph-Steiner, J., Successful immune tolerance therapy of FVIII inhibitor in children after changing from high to intermediate purity FVIII concentrate (1996) Haemophilia, 2, p. 19Rocino, A., Papa, M.L., Salerno, E., Capasso, F., Miraglia, E., de Biasi, R., Immune tolerance induction in hemophilia A patients with high-responding inhibitors to factor VIII: Experience at a single institution (2001) Haemophilia, 7, pp. 33-38DiMichele, D., Rivard, G., Hay, C., Antunes, S., Inhibitors in hemophilia: Clinical aspects (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 140-145Mauser-Bunschoten, E.P., Nieuwenhuis, H.K., Roosendaal, G., van den Berg, H.M., Low-dose immune tolerance induction in hemophilia A patients with inhibitors (1995) Blood, 86, pp. 983-988Almeida, J., Paula, J.C., Toscano, R., Immune tolerance such as salvage therapy in severe hemophilia A patient with ultra high-responders inhibitors (2002) Haemophilia, 8, p. 538Solano, M.H., Ramírez, C., Parra, L., Tratamiento de inhibidores del factor VIII en hemofilia. (1998) Acta Med Colomb, 23, p. 193Carneiro, J.D.A., Bassit, R.P., Villaça, P.R., Sandoval, E.P.N., Silva, C.S.S.S., D'amico, E.A., Low-dose immune tolerance induction in hemophilia A children with inhibitors (2002) Haemophilia, 8, pp. 538-539Wight, J., Paisley, S., Knight, C., Immune tolerance induction in patients with hemophilia A with inhibitors: A systematic review (2003) Haemophilia, 9, pp. 436-463Tengborg, L., Hansson, S., Fasth, A., Lübeck, P.O., Berg, A., Ljung, R., Anaphylactoid reactions and nephrotic syndrome - a considerable risk during factor IX treatment in patients with hemophilia B and inhibitors: A report on the outcome in two brothers (1998) Haemophilia, 4, pp. 854-859Schulman, S., Safety, efficacy and lessons from continuous infusion with rFVIIa (1998) Haemophilia, 4, pp. 564-567Schulman, S., Continuous infusion of recombinant factor VIIa in hemophilic patients with inhibitors: Safety, monitoring, and cost effectiveness (2000) Semin Thromb Hemost, 26, pp. 421-424Pruthi, R.K., Mathew, P., Valentino, L.A., Sumner, M.J., Seremetis, S., Hoots, W.K., Haemostatic efficacy and safety of bolus and continuous infusion of recombinant factor VIIa are comparable in hemophilia patients with inhibitors undergoing major surgery. Results from an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial (2007) Thromb Haemost, 98, pp. 726-732Smith, M.P., Ludlam, C.A., Collins, P.W., Elective surgery on factor VIII inhibitor patients using continuous infusion of recombinant activated factor VII: Plasma factor VII activity of 10 IU/ml is associated with an increased incidence of bleeding (2001) Thromb Haemost, 86, pp. 949-953Santagostino, E., Morfini, M., Rocino, A., Baudo, F., Scaraggi, F.A., Gringeri, A., Relationship between factor VII activity and clinical efficacy of recombinant factor VIIa given by continuous infusion to patients with factor VIII inhibitors (2001) Thromb Haemost, 86, pp. 954-958Mauser-Bunschoten, E.P., Koopman, M.M., Goede-Bolder, A.D., Efficacy of recombinant factor VIIa administered by continuous infusion to hemophilia patients with inhibitors (2002) Haemophilia, 8, pp. 649-656Ludlam, C.A., Smith, M.P., Morfini, M., Gringeri, A., Santagostino, E., Savidge, G.F., A prospective study of recombinant activated factor VII administered by continuous infusion to inhibitor patients undergoing elective major orthopaedic surgery: A pharmacokinetic and efficacy evaluation (2003) Br J Haematol, 120, pp. 808-813Escobar, M.A., Recombinant Factor VIIa: The possibilities for monitoring (2003) TATM, 5, pp. 51-54Young, G., Ebbesen, L.S., Viuff, D., Evaluation of thromboelastography for monitoring recombinant activated factor VII ex

    Expanding and Collapsing Scalar Field Thin Shell

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    This paper deals with the dynamics of scalar field thin shell in the Reissner-Nordstro¨\ddot{o}m geometry. The Israel junction conditions between Reissner-Nordstro¨\ddot{o}m spacetimes are derived, which lead to the equation of motion of scalar field shell and Klien-Gordon equation. These equations are solved numerically by taking scalar field model with the quadratic scalar potential. It is found that solution represents the expanding and collapsing scalar field shell. For the better understanding of this problem, we investigate the case of massless scalar field (by taking the scalar field potential zero). Also, we evaluate the scalar field potential when pp is an explicit function of RR. We conclude that both massless as well as massive scalar field shell can expand to infinity at constant rate or collapse to zero size forming a curvature singularity or bounce under suitable conditions.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure

    Intra-annual patterns of tracheid size in the Mediterranean tree Juniperus thurifera as an indicator of seasonal water stress

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    Because climate can affect xylem cell anatomy, series of intra-annual cell anatomical features have the potential to retrospectively supply seasonal climatic information. In this study, we explored the ability to extract information about water stress conditions from tracheid features of the Mediterranean conifer Juniperus thurifera L. Tracheidograms of four climatic years from two drought-sensitive sites in Spain were compared to evaluate whether it is possible to link intra-annual cell size patterns to seasonal climatic conditions. Results indicated site-specific anatomical adjustment such as smaller and thicker tracheids at the dryer site but also showed a strong climatic imprint on the intra-annual pattern of tracheid size. Site differences in cell size reflected expected structural adjustments against cavitation failures. Differences between intra-annual patterns, however, indicated a response to seasonal changes in water availability whereby cells formed under drought conditions were smaller and thicker, and vice versa. This relationship was more manifest and stable at the dryer sit

    Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of aqueous sugar solutions containing fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose and lactose

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    The glass transition of glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose and sucrose solutions at maximum cryo-concentration was studied by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), using the disc bending technique. The glass transition temperatures were determined from the peaks in the loss modulus E′′, which corresponds theoretically to the resonance point (Maxwell model) for several input frequencies. The frequency dependence was well described by both an Arrhenius-type model and by the WLF (Williams, Landel and Ferry) equation, yielding glass transition temperatures for an average molecular vibration time of 100 s, which were similar to published midpoint temperatures determined by DSC scans. Some sugar mixtures were studied, yielding results that were well described by the Gordon–Taylor equation, using literature data. The frequency dependence of the viscoelastic ratio was also well approximated by an Arrhenius-type equation, with activation energies similar to those of the glass transition temperature and corresponded well to published values of the endset of glass transition
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