Zygostates dasyrhiza (Kraenzl.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae), a new record from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Zygostates dasyrhiza (Kraenzl.) Schltr. is here documented for the first time for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A morphological description, data about geographic distribution and habitat, an artificial key to the three Zygostates species native to Rio Grande do Sul, and additional comments about this species are provided.(Zygostates dasyrhiza (Kraenzl.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae), novo registro para o Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) A presença de Zygostates dasyrhiza (Kraenzl.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) é documentada pela primeira vez para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Neste trabalho são apresentados a descrição, distribuição geográfica, hábitat e comentários adicionais para a espécie, bem como uma chave artificial para separar as três espécies de Zygostates nativas do Rio Grande do Sul

Taxonomic notes on Lyroglossa and Pteroglossa (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) : two new generic records for the flora of Rio Grande do Sul

Lyroglossa and Pteroglossa (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) are first recorded for Rio Grande do Sul. Descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic notes and distribution are presented. We also provide an artificial key to distinguish the genera of the “Stenorrhynchos Clade” reported so far in Rio Grande do Sul

O gênero Eulophia R. Brown ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Eulophinae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The genus Eulophia (Orchidaceae: Eulophiinae) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). Eulophia embraces about 200 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Madagascar and the Americas. The present work deals with the taxonomic study of this genus in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil, therefore contributing to the knowledge of its orchid flora. This work is based in both, literature and the analysis of herbarium specimen. Only one specie was found in the State: Eulophia alta (L.) Fawcet & Rendle, which grows in open and swampy areas within the Atlantic Rain Forest Biome. This work does also present the synonymies, description, illustrations, geographic distribution as well as comments on habitat and Natural History for this taxon.Eulophia abrange aproximadamente 200 espécies distribuídas principalmente nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais da África, Madagascar e das Américas. O presente trabalho trata do estudo taxonômico deste gênero no Rio Grande do Sul, contribuindo, portanto, para o conhecimento da flora do Estado. Este estudo baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica bem como na análise de espécimes de herbário. Uma única espécie ocorre no Estado: Eulophia alta (L.) Fawcet & Rendle, que cresce naturalmente em áreas abertas e brejosas dentro do Bioma Mata Atlântica. O trabalho apresenta também as sinonímias, descrição, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica, hábitat e comentários adicionais para este táxon

O gênero Capanemia Barb. Rodr. (Oncidiinae: Orchidaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil

Capanemia includes seven predominantly Brazilian epiphyte orchids, distributed by Uruguay, Paraguay, Northeastern Argentina, part of Bolivia and mainly areas of the South and Southeastern regions of Brazil, in humid forest between 450 to 1.400 m of altitude. A few species reach Uruguay, Paraguay, Northeastern Argentina and part of Bolivia. This work is focused in the species that occur in Southern Brazil and presents relevant synonymies, an artificial key for the identification of the species, descriptions, illustrations, geographic distribution, new record, habitat and additional comments for all the Southern Brazilian species.O gênero Capanemia abrange sete espécies de orquídeas epífitas distribuídas do Uruguai, Paraguai, extremo Nordeste da Argentina, parte da Bolívia e principalmente em florestas das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, entre 450 e 1.400 m de altitude. Este trabalho se restringe a revisar as espécies ocorrentes na região Sul do Brasil e apresentar sinonímias relevantes, uma chave analítica para a identificação das espécies, descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica, novas citações, habitat e comentários adicionais para todas as espécies da região

CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA O CONHECIMENTO DA FAUNA DE BORBOLETAS DA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE PASSO FUNDO

Butterflies maintain a close relationship with plant species and can provide crucial insights into the environmental quality of their habitats, serving as valuable bioindicators. This study aims to investigate butterfly species occurring in the Atlantic Forest of Passo Fundo National Forest. Eight fragments were selected for active sampling to capture nectar-feeding butterflies, and among these, five fragments underwent both active and passive sampling to capture fruit-feeding butterflies. The combined effort involved 70 hours of active sampling and 84,750 hours of passive sampling, resulting in the identification of 169 butterfly species. Among these, 123 were nectar-feeding species, and 46 were fruit-feeding species. Nymphalidae emerged as the most diverse family, encompassing approximately 50% of the species. Notably, several prominent species were discovered, including Arcas ducalis (Westwood, 1852), which is indicative of preserved environments. The study also provides significant insights into species interactions and includes visual documentation of individual specimens.As borboletas mantêm uma relação estreita com as espécies de plantas e podem fornecer informações cruciais sobre a qualidade ambiental de seus habitats, atuando como valiosas bioindicadores. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as espécies de borboletas presentes na Mata Atlântica da Floresta Nacional de Passo Fundo. Foram selecionados oito fragmentos para amostragem ativa, visando capturar borboletas nectarívoras, e em cinco desses fragmentos, realizou-se tanto amostragem ativa quanto passiva para capturar borboletas frugívoras. O esforço combinado totalizou 70 horas de amostragem ativa e 84.750 horas de amostragem passiva, resultando na identificação de 169 espécies de borboletas. Dentre essas, 123 são espécies nectarívoras e 46 são espécies frugívoras. Nymphalidae destacou-se como a família mais diversa, abrangendo cerca de 50% das espécies. Notavelmente, diversas espécies proeminentes foram registradas, incluindo Arcas ducalis (Westwood, 1852), que é indicativa de ambientes preservados. O estudo também oferece insights significativos sobre interações entre as espécies e inclui documentação visual de alguns espécimes individuais. Palavras-chave: Nymphalidae; Mata Atlântica; interação animal-planta; borboletas frugívoras; borboletas nectarívoras.   Contribution to the knowledge of Lepidoptera fauna in Passo Fundo National Forest   ABSTRACT: Butterflies maintain a close relationship with plant species and can provide crucial insights into the environmental quality of their habitats, serving as valuable bioindicators. This study aims to investigate butterfly species occurring in the Atlantic Forest of Passo Fundo National Forest. Eight fragments were selected for active sampling to capture nectar-feeding butterflies, and among these, five fragments underwent both active and passive sampling to capture fruit-feeding butterflies. The combined effort involved 70 hours of active sampling and 84,750 hours of passive sampling, resulting in the identification of 169 butterfly species. Among these, 123 are nectar-feeding species, and 46 are fruit-feeding species. Nymphalidae emerged as the most diverse family, encompassing approximately 50% of the species. Notably, several prominent species were registered, including Arcas ducalis (Westwood, 1852), which is indicative of preserved environments. The study also provides significant insights into species interactions and includes visual documentation of certain individual specimens. Keywords: Nymphalidae; Atlantic Forest; animal-plant interaction; fruit-feeding butterflies; nectarivorous butterflies

Floral features, pollination biology and breeding system of Chloraea membranacea Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Chloraeinae)

Background and Aims: The pollination biology of very few Chloraeinae orchids has been studied to date, and most of these studies have focused on breeding systems and fruiting success. Chloraea membranacea Lindl. is one of the few non-Andean species in this group, and the aim of the present contribution is to elucidate the pollination biology, functional floral morphology and breeding system in native populations of this species from Argentina (Buenos Aires) and Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State). Methods:Floral features were examined using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The breeding system was studied by means of controlled pollinations applied to plants, either bagged in the field or cultivated in a glasshouse. Pollination observations were made on natural populations, and pollinator behaviour was recorded by means of photography and video.Key ResultsBoth Argentinean and Brazilian plants were very consistent regarding all studied features. Flowers are nectarless but scented and anatomical analysis indicates that the dark, clavate projections on the adaxial labellar surface are osmophores (scent-producing glands). The plants are self-compatible but pollinator-dependent. The fruit-set obtained through cross-pollination and manual self-pollination was almost identical. The main pollinators are male and female Halictidae bees that withdraw the pollinarium when leaving the flower. Remarkably, the bees tend to visit more than one flower per inflorescence, thus promoting self-pollination (geitonogamy). Fruiting success in Brazilian plants reached 60·78 in 2010 and 46 in 2011. Some pollinarium-laden female bees were observed transferring pollen from the carried pollinarium to their hind legs. The use of pollen by pollinators is a rare record for Orchidaceae in general.ConclusionsChloraea membrancea is pollinated by deceit. Together, self-compatibility, pollinarium texture, pollinator abundance and behaviour may account for the observed high fruiting success. It is suggested that a reappraisal and re-analysis of important flower features in Chloraeinae orchids is necessary.Fil: Sanguinetti, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Buzatto, Cristiano Roberto. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pedron, Marcelo. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Davies, Kevin L.. Cardiff University; Reino UnidoFil: Ferreira, Pedro Maria De Abreu. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Maldonado, Sara Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; ArgentinaFil: Singer, Rodrigo Bustos. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi

Taxonomic notes on Lyroglossa and Pteroglossa (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae): two new generic records for the flora of Rio Grande do Sul

Lyroglossa and Pteroglossa(Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) are first recorded for Rio Grande do Sul. Descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic notes and distribution are presented. We also provide an artificial key to distinguish the genera of the “Stenorrhynchos Clade” reported so far in Rio Grande do Sul

O gênero Cattleya Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Cattleya presents about 120 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. In its current delimitation, Cattleya also encompasses the Brazilian species formerly placed within the genera Laelia and Sophronitis, as well as the species of a number of recently segregated genera. This contribution deals with this genus in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil, therefore contributing to the knowledge of its orchid flora. This work is based in literature and in the analysis of herbarium vouchers as well as in specimens collected during fieldwork in several localities of Rio Grande do Sul. Five native species were recorded: Cattleya cernua, C. coccinea, C. intermedia, C. purpurata and C. tigrina. All these species dwell within the Atlantic Rain Forest biome. This contribution does present an artificial key for the species, the synonymies, descriptions, illustrations, geographic distribution and comments on habitat and natural history of the species.Cattleya abrange aproximadamente 120 espécies distribuídas principalmente nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais das Américas. Em sua delimitação atual, Cattleya inclui também as espécies brasileiras outrora inseridas nos gêneros Laelia e Sophronitis, bem como as espécies de gêneros mais recentemente segregados. O presente trabalho trata do estudo taxonômico desse gênero no Rio Grande do Sul, contribuindo, portanto, para o conhecimento da flora do estado. Este trabalho baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica bem como na análise de espécimes de herbário e coletas efetuadas em diversas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. Cinco espécies ocorrem no estado: Cattleya cernua, C. coccinea, C. intermedia, C. purpurata e C. tigrina. Todas essas espécies crescem em formações florestais inseridas no bioma Mata Atlântica. Este trabalho apresenta uma chave artificial para identificar as espécies, sinonímias, descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica, hábitat e comentários adicionais dos táxons analisados

12,500+ and counting: biodiversity of the Brazilian Pampa

Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activitie