Innocuité d’une recette médicinale traditionnelle utilisée pour l’infertilité masculine en Côte d’Ivoire

Male infertility is incriminated in 50% of cases of couple infertility. This is a real public health problem in Africa. The present work aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a traditional medicinal recipe used to treat male infertility in the Autonomous District of Abidjan/Côte d'Ivoire. This study was carried out as part of the promotion of the African pharmacopoeia. The plant material consisted of the medicinal recipe and the biological material of 42 male volunteers selected purposively as posteriori. The volunteers underwent treatment over three months. The variables studied were blood sugar, urea, creatinine, transaminases, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Side effects and undesirable effects were reported. The average age of the study population was 41.78 years (± 7.73). After three months of use of the medicinal recipe, the statistical analysis of biochemical variables revealed blood sugar p = 0.12; transaminases p = 0.75; creatinine p = 0.26; urea p = 0.04; triglycerides p = 0.95 and total cholesterol p = 0.64 versus p < 0.05. The main side effect reported was polyuria (97.5%). These results affirm the safety of the medicinal recipe for the user. They encourage its use in infertile men and medical monitoring of people on antihypertensive medication. The medicinal recipe is good safety and tolerability.L’infertilité masculine est incriminée dans 50% des cas d’infertilité du couple. C’est un réel problème de santé publique en Afrique. Le présent travail avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’innocuité et la tolérabilité d’une recette médicinale traditionnelle utilisée pour la prise en charge de l’infertilité masculine dans le District Autonome d’Abidjan/Côte d’Ivoire. Cette étude a été réalisée dans le cadre de la valorisation de la pharmacopée africaine. Le matériel végétal était constitué de la recette médicinale et le matériel biologique de 42 volontaires de sexe masculin sélectionnés sur une base raisonnée à postériori. Les volontaires ont été soumis à un traitement sur trois mois. Les variables étudiées étaient : la glycémie, l’urée, la créatinine, les transaminases, les triglycérides et le cholestérol total. Les effets secondaires et indésirables ont été notifiés. L’âge moyen de la population d’étude était de 41,78 ans (± 7,73). Aux termes des trois mois d’utilisation de la recette médicinale, l’analyse statistique des variables biochimiques a révélé : la glycémie p = 0,12; les transaminases p = 0,75 ; la créatinine p = 0,26 ; l’urée p = 0,04 ; les triglycérides p = 0,95 et le cholestérol total p = 0,64 contre p< 0,05. Le principal effet secondaire notifié était la polyurie (97,5%).Ces résultats affirment la sécurité de la recette médicinale pour l’utilisateur. Ils encouragent son utilisation chez les hommes infertiles et un suivi médical des personnes sous antihypertenseur. La recette médicinale présente une bonne innocuité et une bonne tolérabilit

Innocuité d’une recette médicinale traditionnelle utilisée pour l’infertilité masculine en Côte d’Ivoire

Male infertility is incriminated in 50% of cases of couple infertility. This is a real public health problem in Africa. The present work aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a traditional medicinal recipe used to treat male infertility in the Autonomous District of Abidjan/Côte d'Ivoire. This study was carried out as part of the promotion of the African pharmacopoeia. The plant material consisted of the medicinal recipe and the biological material of 42 male volunteers selected purposively as posteriori. The volunteers underwent treatment over three months. The variables studied were blood sugar, urea, creatinine, transaminases, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Side effects and undesirable effects were reported. The average age of the study population was 41.78 years (± 7.73). After three months of use of the medicinal recipe, the statistical analysis of biochemical variables revealed blood sugar p = 0.12; transaminases p = 0.75; creatinine p = 0.26; urea p = 0.04; triglycerides p = 0.95 and total cholesterol p = 0.64 versus p < 0.05. The main side effect reported was polyuria (97.5%). These results affirm the safety of the medicinal recipe for the user. They encourage its use in infertile men and medical monitoring of people on antihypertensive medication. The medicinal recipe is good safety and tolerability.L’infertilité masculine est incriminée dans 50% des cas d’infertilité du couple. C’est un réel problème de santé publique en Afrique. Le présent travail avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’innocuité et la tolérabilité d’une recette médicinale traditionnelle utilisée pour la prise en charge de l’infertilité masculine dans le District Autonome d’Abidjan/Côte d’Ivoire. Cette étude a été réalisée dans le cadre de la valorisation de la pharmacopée africaine. Le matériel végétal était constitué de la recette médicinale et le matériel biologique de 42 volontaires de sexe masculin sélectionnés sur une base raisonnée à postériori. Les volontaires ont été soumis à un traitement sur trois mois. Les variables étudiées étaient : la glycémie, l’urée, la créatinine, les transaminases, les triglycérides et le cholestérol total. Les effets secondaires et indésirables ont été notifiés. L’âge moyen de la population d’étude était de 41,78 ans (± 7,73). Aux termes des trois mois d’utilisation de la recette médicinale, l’analyse statistique des variables biochimiques a révélé : la glycémie p = 0,12; les transaminases p = 0,75 ; la créatinine p = 0,26 ; l’urée p = 0,04 ; les triglycérides p = 0,95 et le cholestérol total p = 0,64 contre p< 0,05. Le principal effet secondaire notifié était la polyurie (97,5%).Ces résultats affirment la sécurité de la recette médicinale pour l’utilisateur. Ils encouragent son utilisation chez les hommes infertiles et un suivi médical des personnes sous antihypertenseur. La recette médicinale présente une bonne innocuité et une bonne tolérabilit

Résilience Biophysique chez des Patients Adultes d’Hérédité Différents à Abidjan

L’adaptation biophysique chez les personnes en situation de diabète semble dépendre soit du biotype, ou de l’héritabilité écobiologique, soit des caractères héréditaires acquis dont ils bénéficient. La contribution de chacune de ces identités biosingulières dans le réajustement biophysiologique de ces derniers est loin d'être suffisamment explorée. Le présent travail se propose d’examiner la résilience physique des patients adultes ayant différentes formes d’hérédité du diabète. Elle porte sur 225 participants diabétiques ayant un âge compris entre 35 et 54 ans dont 100 hommes et 125 femmes présentant différentes sources d’infection du diabète. Les données relatives aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques et l’origine du diabète ont été collectées à travers un questionnaire de 20 items en face à face. La mesure du profil physique des sujets s’est faite en considérant le poids, l’Indice de Masse Corporelle (IMC), le tour de taille et de hanche. Ceux-ci ont été obtenus par l’utilisation d’une balance électronique (le poids), et d’un ruban mètre (tours de taille et de hanche). Les données ont été comparés entre les diabétiques selon la ‘diabétogenèse’. Le test anova multivarié pour la comparaison multiple, le test t de student pour la comparaison deux à deux des paramètres physiques ont été utilisés pour l’évaluation de l’influence de l’hérédité sur l’évolution des caractères physiques du sujet diabétique. Les résultats aux tests statistiques précédemment évoqués montrent que les patients ayant hérité du diabète présentent des poids, des IMC moyens inférieur à ceux de leurs pairs n’ayant pas hérité du diabète, après vingt-quatre (24) mois de prise en charge. Des résultats similaires sont observés concernant les proportions des tours de taille et de hanche des deux groupes de patients. Les patients diabétiques ayant hérité du diabète seraient physiquement plus résilients que leurs homologues n’ayant pas hérité du diabète. Cette résilience est plus accrue chez les femmes. La source du diabète ou la diabétogenèse influencerait la régulation physique du sujet diabétique.   Biophysical adaptation in people with diabetes appears to depend on either biotype, or ecobiological heritability, or acquired traits that they have. The contribution of each of these biosingular identities in their biophysiological readjustment is far from being sufficiently explored. The present work proposes to examine the physical resilience of adult diabetics with different hereditary diabetes. The study involved 225 diabetic patients aged between 35 and 54 years, including 100 men and 125 women presenting different sources of diabetes infection. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and origin of diabetes were collected through a 20 face to face questionnaire. The measurement of physical profile of the subjects was done by considering the weight, the body mass index (BMI), the hip circumferences. These were obtained by using an electronic scale (Weight), and tape measure for waist size and hip circumferences. The data were compared between diabetics according to diabetogenesis. The multivariate anova test for multiple comparisons and Student’s t-test for pairwise comparison of physical parameters was used to evaluate the influence of heredity on the evolution of physical characteristics of the diabetic subject. The results of the statistical tests mentioned above show that diabetics with inherited diabetes have a lower average weight and BMI than their peers without inherited diabetes after twenty-four (24) months of care. Similar results are observed for the proportions of waist and hip circumferences of both groups of patients. inherited diabetic patients would be physically more resilient than their non-inherited. This resilience is much greater in women. The source of diabetes or diabetogenesis would influence the physical regulation of the diabetic subject

Résilience Biophysique chez des Patients Adultes d’Hérédité Différents à Abidjan

L’adaptation biophysique chez les personnes en situation de diabète semble dépendre soit du biotype, ou de l’héritabilité écobiologique, soit des caractères héréditaires acquis dont ils bénéficient. La contribution de chacune de ces identités biosingulières dans le réajustement biophysiologique de ces derniers est loin d'être suffisamment explorée. Le présent travail se propose d’examiner la résilience physique des patients adultes ayant différentes formes d’hérédité du diabète. Elle porte sur 225 participants diabétiques ayant un âge compris entre 35 et 54 ans dont 100 hommes et 125 femmes présentant différentes sources d’infection du diabète. Les données relatives aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques et l’origine du diabète ont été collectées à travers un questionnaire de 20 items en face à face. La mesure du profil physique des sujets s’est faite en considérant le poids, l’Indice de Masse Corporelle (IMC), le tour de taille et de hanche. Ceux-ci ont été obtenus par l’utilisation d’une balance électronique (le poids), et d’un ruban mètre (tours de taille et de hanche). Les données ont été comparés entre les diabétiques selon la ‘diabétogenèse’. Le test anova multivarié pour la comparaison multiple, le test t de student pour la comparaison deux à deux des paramètres physiques ont été utilisés pour l’évaluation de l’influence de l’hérédité sur l’évolution des caractères physiques du sujet diabétique. Les résultats aux tests statistiques précédemment évoqués montrent que les patients ayant hérité du diabète présentent des poids, des IMC moyens inférieur à ceux de leurs pairs n’ayant pas hérité du diabète, après vingt-quatre (24) mois de prise en charge. Des résultats similaires sont observés concernant les proportions des tours de taille et de hanche des deux groupes de patients. Les patients diabétiques ayant hérité du diabète seraient physiquement plus résilients que leurs homologues n’ayant pas hérité du diabète. Cette résilience est plus accrue chez les femmes. La source du diabète ou la diabétogenèse influencerait la régulation physique du sujet diabétique.   Biophysical adaptation in people with diabetes appears to depend on either biotype, or ecobiological heritability, or acquired traits that they have. The contribution of each of these biosingular identities in their biophysiological readjustment is far from being sufficiently explored. The present work proposes to examine the physical resilience of adult diabetics with different hereditary diabetes. The study involved 225 diabetic patients aged between 35 and 54 years, including 100 men and 125 women presenting different sources of diabetes infection. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and origin of diabetes were collected through a 20 face to face questionnaire. The measurement of physical profile of the subjects was done by considering the weight, the body mass index (BMI), the hip circumferences. These were obtained by using an electronic scale (Weight), and tape measure for waist size and hip circumferences. The data were compared between diabetics according to diabetogenesis. The multivariate anova test for multiple comparisons and Student’s t-test for pairwise comparison of physical parameters was used to evaluate the influence of heredity on the evolution of physical characteristics of the diabetic subject. The results of the statistical tests mentioned above show that diabetics with inherited diabetes have a lower average weight and BMI than their peers without inherited diabetes after twenty-four (24) months of care. Similar results are observed for the proportions of waist and hip circumferences of both groups of patients. inherited diabetic patients would be physically more resilient than their non-inherited. This resilience is much greater in women. The source of diabetes or diabetogenesis would influence the physical regulation of the diabetic subject

Complete genome sequence of Ebrios, a novel T7virus isolated from the Ebrie Lagoon in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

The lytic Escherichia coli phage Ebrios was isolated from a water sample collected in Ebrie Lagoon on the Adiopodoumé River in Abidjan (Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa). The linear genome of this Podoviridae family member contains 39,752 bp, has a G+C content of 52.9%, is composed of 53 open reading frames, and is related to the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage IME15

Complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli Siphophage BRET

The lytic Escherichia coli siphophage BRET was isolated from a chicken obtained at a local market in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Its linear genome sequence consists of 59,550 bp (43.4% GC content) and contains 88 predicted genes, including 4 involved in archaeosine biosynthesis. Phage BRET is related (95% nucleotide identity) to Enterobacteria phage JenK

Long-term cellular immunity of vaccines for Zaire Ebola Virus Diseases

Recent Ebola outbreaks underscore the importance of continuous prevention and disease control efforts. Authorized vaccines include Merck’s Ervebo (rVSV-ZEBOV) and Johnson & Johnson’s two-dose combination (Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo). Here, in a five-year follow-up of the PREVAC randomized trial (NCT02876328), we report the results of the immunology ancillary study of the trial. The primary endpoint is to evaluate long-term memory T-cell responses induced by three vaccine regimens: Ad26–MVA, rVSV, and rVSV–booster. Polyfunctional EBOV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses increase after Ad26 priming and are further boosted by MVA, whereas minimal responses are observed in the rVSV groups, declining after one year. In-vitro expansion for eight days show sustained EBOV-specific T-cell responses for up to 60 months post-prime vaccination with both Ad26-MVA and rVSV, with no decline. Cytokine production analysis identify shared biomarkers between the Ad26-MVA and rVSV groups. In secondary endpoint, we observed an elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines at Day 7 in the rVSV group. Finally, we establish a correlation between EBOV-specific T-cell responses and anti-EBOV IgG responses. Our findings can guide booster vaccination recommendations and help identify populations likely to benefit from revaccination

Clonality of Mycobacterium ulcerans by Using VNTR-MIRU Typing in Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), West Africa

International audienceBuruli ulcer (BU) is neglected skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The lack of early diagnosis and treatment causes severe disability. In Central and in West Africa, BU is endemic and its control is difficult because the most cases occur in rural regions. The molecular particularity of M. ulcerans was the acquisition of the virulence plasmid pMUM001. Genetic analyses have demonstrated the high diversity with variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) and Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units (MIRU) in M. ulcerans and in mycolactone producing Mycobacteria (MPMs). Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular diversity by using MIRU-VNTR method in clinical samples of BU patients in Côte d'Ivoire. Study Design: 21 clinical samples were collected from BU patients in different sites and were first analyzed in molecular diagnosis of BU using two targets insertion sequence IS2404 and keto reductase-B-domain (KR). In a second step, we have analyzed the strains by PCR typing for four specific and sensitive markers MIRU1, VNTR6, ST-1 and VNTR19. Results and Conclusion: 100% of clinical samples were positive in molecular tests for IS2404 and 95% for KR and confirm M. ulcerans in the samples. By PCR typing, we have found 61.9 % positive for MIRU1 and 52%, 85.7%, and 61.9% for VNTR6, ST-1 and VNTR19 respectively. One of sample was negative for all genotyping markers. Two different genetic profiles were identified by MIRU1 and ST-1 loci by gel-analyzed of the amplified products. The VNTR profile C (3,1,1) corresponding of 3 copies MIRU1, 1 copy VNTR6 and 1 copy ST-1 was detected in 28.5% of samples and confirms the West African genotype in Côte d'Ivoire. Different genetic strains of M. ulcerans were co-circulated in the same endemic region in the country. This study has described first the circulating of different genetic strains of M. ulcerans in Côte d'Ivoire

First cases of Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen’s disease) detection in Côte d’Ivoire using molecular diagnosis (PCR)

International audienceBackgroundLeprosy is a skin disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It is the second mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis still presenting a public health problem in many countries today. With the advent of multidrug therapy in 1982, much progress has been made in the fight against this disease, which causes severe social consequences. Côte d’Ivoire, like many African countries, reached the elimination threshold of disease and MDT is available throughout the country. However, Côte d’Ivoire has not managed to break the chain of transmission of M. leprae. Thus, in the country where leprosy is endemic, the number of Grade II disabilities observed remains significant.Methods and resultsThe diagnosis of infection is often made by default, based only on clinical and microscopic evidence; we are committed to implementing PCR, a previously unavailable diagnostic tool, to help confirm suspected leprosy cases. Samples consisting of nasal mucus and slits skin smears were collected from 39 suspect cases for confirmation by PCR. DNA was extracted and amplified, targeting M. leprae repeated elements (RLEP). Results showed a PCR positivity rate of 38.5%. PCR products of the repetitive elements were sequenced and BLASTn analysis confirmed that the amplified products obtained were part of the M. leprae genome.PCR is now available for confirmation of leprosy cases in Côte d’Ivoire. This will help to reduce the consequences of leprosy and promote its elimination

Community-based geographical distribution of Mycobacterium ulcerans VNTR-genotypes from the environment and humans in the Nyong valley, Cameroon

Background: Genotyping is a powerful tool for investigating outbreaks of infectious diseases and it can provide useful information such as identifying the source and route of transmission, and circulating strains involved in the outbreak. Genotyping techniques based on variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) are instrumental in detecting heterogeneity in Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) and also for discriminating MU from other mycobacteria species. Here, we describe and map the distribution of MU genotypes in Buruli ulcer (BU) endemic communities of the Nyong valley in Cameroon. We also tested the hypothesis of whether the suspected animal reservoirs of BU that share the human microhabitat are shedding contaminated fecal matters and saliva into their surrounding environments. Methods: Environmental samples from suspected MU-risk factors and lesion swabs from human patients were sampled in BU-endemic communities and tested for the presence of MU by qPCR targeting three independent sequences (IS 2404 , IS 2606 , KR-B). Positive samples to MU were further genotyped by VNTR with confirmation by sequencing of four loci (MIRU1, Locus 6, ST1, Locus 19). Results: MU was detected in environmental samples including water bodies (23%), biofilms (14%), detritus (10%), and in human patients (73%). MU genotypes D, W, and C were found both in environmental and human samples. The micro geo-distribution of MU genotypes from communities showed that genotype D is found both in environmental and human samples, while genotypes W and C are specific to environmental samples and human lesions, respectively. No obvious focal grouping of MU genotypes was observed at the community scale. An additional survey in the human microhabitat suggests that domestic and wild animals do not shed MU in their saliva and feces in sampled communities. Conclusions: VNTR typing uncovered different MU genotypes circulating in the endemic communities of the Akonolinga district. A MU environmental genotype was found in patients, yet the mechanism of contamination remains to be investigated; and recovering MU in culture from the environment remains key priority to enable a better understanding of the mode of transmission of BU. We also conclude that excretions from suspected animals are unlikely to be major sources of MU in the Nyong Valley in Cameroon.</p