Avaliação dos métodos de suscetibilidade antifúngica: Etest e macrodiluição em caldo para leveduras do gênero Candida isoladas da cavidade bucal de pacientes com AIDS

A comparison of the Etest and the reference broth macrodilution susceptibility test for fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B was performed with 59 of Candida species isolated from the oral cavities of AIDS patients. The Etest method was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the reference method was performed according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards document M27-A guidelines. Our data showed that there was a good correlation between the MICs obtained by the Etest and broth dilution methods. When only the MIC results at ± 2 dilutions for both methods were considered, the agreement rates were 90.4% for itraconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin B and 84.6% for fluconazole of the C. albicans tested. In contrast, to the reference method, the Etest method classified as susceptible three fluconazole-resistant isolates and one itraconazole-resistant isolate, representing four very major errors. These results indicate that Etest could be considered useful for antifungal sensitivity evaluation of yeasts in clinical laboratories.Foram comparados dois testes de suscetibilidade in vitro, macrodiluição em caldo e Etest através da determinação das concentrações inibitórias mínimas de fluconazol, cetoconazol, itraconazol e anfotericina B para 59 isolados de Candida obtidos da cavidade bucal de pacientes com AIDS. O método de Etest foi feito de acordo com as instruções do fabricante e o método de macrodiluição em caldo foi realizado seguindo as normas do NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratoratory Standards), documento M27-A, considerado método de referência. Nossos dados mostraram uma boa correlação entre os valores de concentração inibitória mínima encontrados para o Etest e o método de macrodiluição em caldo. Foi verificada concordância entre os resultados de CIM, de 90,4% para itraconazol, cetoconazol e anfotericina B e de 84,6% para fluconazol, quando se analisou isolados de C. albicans. A comparação de breakpoints mostrou que havia quatro grandes discrepâncias de resultados entre os dois métodos, sendo que pelo método de referência três isolados de Candida albicans classificados como resistentes ao fluconazol e um de C. krusei considerado resistente ao itraconazol foram sensíveis ao Etest. Estes resultados mostraram que o Etest é de grande valor nos testes de suscetibilidade antifúngica para leveduras do gênero Candida

Deep-pretrained-FWI: combining supervised learning with physics-informed neural network

An accurate velocity model is essential to make a good seismic image. Conventional methods to perform Velocity Model Building (VMB) tasks rely on inverse methods, which, despite being widely used, are ill-posed problems that require intense and specialized human supervision. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been extensively investigated as an alternative to solve the VMB task. Two main approaches were investigated in the literature: supervised training and Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN). Supervised training presents some generalization issues since structures, and velocity ranges must be similar in training and test set. Some works integrated Full-waveform Inversion (FWI) with CNN, defining the problem of VMB in the PINN framework. In this case, the CNN stabilizes the inversion, acting like a regularizer and avoiding local minima-related problems and, in some cases, sparing an initial velocity model. Our approach combines supervised and physics-informed neural networks by using transfer learning to start the inversion. The pre-trained CNN is obtained using a supervised approach based on training with a reduced and simple data set to capture the main velocity trend at the initial FWI iterations. We show that transfer learning reduces the uncertainties of the process, accelerates model convergence, and improves the final scores of the iterative process.Comment: Paper present at machine Learning and the Physical Sciences workshop, NeurIPS 202

Theoretical and experimental differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of the electronic bands of furfural

13 págs.; 8 figs.; 6 tabs.We report results from a joint experimental and theoretical investigation into electron scattering from the important industrial species furfural (CHO). Specifically, differential cross sections (DCSs) have been measured and calculated for the electron-impact excitation of the electronic states of CHO. The measurements were carried out at energies in the range 20-40 eV, and for scattered-electron angles between 10°and 90°. The energy resolution of those experiments was typically ∼80 meV. Corresponding Schwinger multichannel method with pseudo-potential calculations, for energies between 6-50 eV and with and without Born-closure, were also performed for a sub-set of the excited electronic-states that were accessed in the measurements. Those calculations were undertaken at the static exchange plus polarisation-level using a minimum orbital basis for single configuration interaction (MOB-SCI) approach. Agreement between the measured and calculated DCSs was qualitatively quite good, although to obtain quantitative accord, the theory would need to incorporate even more channels into the MOB-SCI. The role of multichannel coupling on the computed electronic-state DCSs is also explored in some detail. ©2016 AIP Publishing LLCR.F.C.N. thanks CNPq (Brazil) and the Science Without Borders Programme for opportunities to study abroad. D.B.J. thanks the Australian Research Council (ARC) for financial support provided through a Discovery Early Career Research Award, while M.J.B. also thanks the ARC for their support. M.J.B. and M.C.A.L. acknowledge the Brazilian agencies CNPq and FAPEMIG. P.L.-V. acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCTMEC) through Grant Nos. PTDC/FIS-ATO/1832/2012 and UIO/FIS/00068/2013. G.G. acknowledges partial financial support from the Spanish Ministry MINECO (Project No. FIS2012-31230) and the European Union COST Action No. CM1301 (CELINA). Finally, R.F.d.C., M.T.d.N.V., M.H.F.B., and M.A.P.L. acknowledge support from the Brazilian agency CNPq and M.T.d.N.V. also thanks FAPESP.Peer Reviewe

Integral elastic, electronic-state, ionization, and total cross sections for electron scattering with furfural

We report absolute experimental integral cross sections (ICSs) for electron impact excitation of bands of electronic-states in furfural, for incident electron energies in the range 20-250 eV. Wherever possible, those results are compared to corresponding excitation cross sections in the structurally similar species furan, as previously reported by da Costa et al. [Phys. Rev. A 85, 062706 (2012)] and Regeta and Allan [Phys. Rev. A 91, 012707 (2015)]. Generally, very good agreement is found. In addition, ICSs calculated with our independent atom model (IAM) with screening corrected additivity rule (SCAR) formalism, extended to account for interference (I) terms that arise due to the multi-centre nature of the scattering problem, are also reported. The sum of those ICSs gives the IAM-SCAR+I total cross section for electron-furfural scattering. Where possible, those calculated IAM-SCAR+I ICS results are compared against corresponding results from the present measurements with an acceptable level of accord being obtained. Similarly, but only for the band I and band II excited electronic states, we also present results from our Schwinger multichannel method with pseudopotentials calculations. Those results are found to be in good qualitative accord with the present experimental ICSs. Finally, with a view to assembling a complete cross section data base for furfural, some binary-encounter-Bethe-level total ionization cross sections for this collision system are presented. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC

Diagnostic Performance of convolutional neural networks for dental sexual dimorphism

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) led to important solutions in the field of Computer Vision. More recently, forensic sciences benefited from the resources of artificial intelligence, especially in procedures that normally require operator-dependent steps. Forensic tools for sexual dimorphism based on morphological dental traits are available but have limited performance. This study aimed to test the application of a machine learning setup to distinguish females and males using dentomaxillofacial features from a radiographic dataset. The sample consisted of panoramic radiographs (n = 4003) of individuals in the age interval of 6 and 22.9 years. Image annotation was performed with V7 software (V7labs, London, UK). From Scratch (FS) and Transfer Learning (TL) CNN architectures were compared, and diagnostic accuracy tests were used. TL (82%) performed better than FS (71%). The correct classifications of females and males aged ≥ 15 years were 87% and 84%, respectively. For females and males < 15 years, the correct classifications were 80% and 83%, respectively. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) from Receiver-operating Characteristic (ROC) curves showed high classification accuracy between 0.87 and 0.91. The radio-diagnostic use of CNN for sexual dimorphism showed positive outcomes and promising forensic applications to the field of dental human identification

Allergies and Diabetes as Risk Factors for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Results of a Case Control Study

Dengue is an arboviral disease that affects large areas of countries in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Around 500,000 cases and 22,000 deaths of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), the most severe presentations of this disease, occur annually. It is unclear why some cases of dengue fever (0.5% to 4%) progress to DHF/DSS. There is weak evidence that some diseases could have a role in this process, such as diabetes, hypertension, and allergies. In epidemics most dengue fever cases are sent home as there are too many to be kept in observation, but if it were possible to identify those with a higher risk of progression to DHF, they could be kept for observation, for early detection of signs, symptoms and alterations in laboratory tests suggestive of DHF, to enable timely and effective clinical management and early intervention. We study this issue and we believe that the evidence produced in this study, when confirmed in other studies, suggests that screening criteria might be used to identify adult patients at a greater risk of developing DHF with a recommendation that they remain under observation and monitoring in a hospital

Pharmacognostic characterization of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent

Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) é conhecida popularmente como esporão-de-galo e amplamente utilizada na medicina popular brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o estudo farmacognóstico das folhas e caules jovens da C. iguanaea através de análises macro e microscópicas, triagem fitoquímica, ensaios de pureza (umidade, cinzas totais e insolúveis em ácido) e determinação dos teores de polifenóis e flavonóides totais. As folhas são anfiestomáticas, apresentando grande quantidade de tricomas tectores, litocistos e estômatos na epiderme abaxial. Na triagem fitoquímica foram detectados mucilagem, flavonóides e cumarinas. Os teores de umidade, cinzas totais, cinzas insolúveis em ácido, polifenóis e flavonóides totais encontrados, foram de 7,05 ± 0,22 %, 18,2 ± 0,18 %, 7,43 ± 1,03 %, 0,55 ± 0,03 % e 0,53 ± 0,007 %, respectivamente. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos futuros e contribuir para a obtenção de informações relevantes acerca da padronização e controle de qualidade da matéria-prima dessa espécie.Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) is popularly known as esporão-de-galo and widely used in Brazilian folk medicine. The aim of this work was to perform a pharmacognostic study of C. iguanaea leaves and young stem through macro and microscopic analysis as well as phytochemical screening, purity assays (moisture, total and acid insoluble ash contents), total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents. The leaves are amphistomatic, presenting large amounts of tector trichomes, lytocists and stomata were noted on the abaxial leaf surface epidermis. The phytochemical screening detected flavonoids, coumarins and mucilage. The moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 7.05 ± 0.22 %, 18.2 ± 0.18 %, 7.43 ± 1.03 %, 0.55 ± 0.03 % and 0.53 ± 0.007 %, respectively. These results must to subsidize further studies and contribute to the obtainment of relevant informations about this raw material standardization and quality controlColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Pharmacognostic characterization of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent

Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) é conhecida popularmente como esporão-de-galo e amplamente utilizada na medicina popular brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o estudo farmacognóstico das folhas e caules jovens da C. iguanaea através de análises macro e microscópicas, triagem fitoquímica, ensaios de pureza (umidade, cinzas totais e insolúveis em ácido) e determinação dos teores de polifenóis e flavonóides totais. As folhas são anfiestomáticas, apresentando grande quantidade de tricomas tectores, litocistos e estômatos na epiderme abaxial. Na triagem fitoquímica foram detectados mucilagem, flavonóides e cumarinas. Os teores de umidade, cinzas totais, cinzas insolúveis em ácido, polifenóis e flavonóides totais encontrados, foram de 7,05 ± 0,22 %, 18,2 ± 0,18 %, 7,43 ± 1,03 %, 0,55 ± 0,03 % e 0,53 ± 0,007 %, respectivamente. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos futuros e contribuir para a obtenção de informações relevantes acerca da padronização e controle de qualidade da matéria-prima dessa espécie.Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) is popularly known as esporão-de-galo and widely used in Brazilian folk medicine. The aim of this work was to perform a pharmacognostic study of C. iguanaea leaves and young stem through macro and microscopic analysis as well as phytochemical screening, purity assays (moisture, total and acid insoluble ash contents), total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents. The leaves are amphistomatic, presenting large amounts of tector trichomes, lytocists and stomata were noted on the abaxial leaf surface epidermis. The phytochemical screening detected flavonoids, coumarins and mucilage. The moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 7.05 ± 0.22 %, 18.2 ± 0.18 %, 7.43 ± 1.03 %, 0.55 ± 0.03 % and 0.53 ± 0.007 %, respectively. These results must to subsidize further studies and contribute to the obtainment of relevant informations about this raw material standardization and quality controlColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Pharmacognostic characterization of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent

Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) é conhecida popularmente como esporão-de-galo e amplamente utilizada na medicina popular brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o estudo farmacognóstico das folhas e caules jovens da C. iguanaea através de análises macro e microscópicas, triagem fitoquímica, ensaios de pureza (umidade, cinzas totais e insolúveis em ácido) e determinação dos teores de polifenóis e flavonóides totais. As folhas são anfiestomáticas, apresentando grande quantidade de tricomas tectores, litocistos e estômatos na epiderme abaxial. Na triagem fitoquímica foram detectados mucilagem, flavonóides e cumarinas. Os teores de umidade, cinzas totais, cinzas insolúveis em ácido, polifenóis e flavonóides totais encontrados, foram de 7,05 ± 0,22 %, 18,2 ± 0,18 %, 7,43 ± 1,03 %, 0,55 ± 0,03 % e 0,53 ± 0,007 %, respectivamente. Esses resultados podem subsidiar estudos futuros e contribuir para a obtenção de informações relevantes acerca da padronização e controle de qualidade da matéria-prima dessa espécie.Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent (Ulmaceae) is popularly known as esporão-de-galo and widely used in Brazilian folk medicine. The aim of this work was to perform a pharmacognostic study of C. iguanaea leaves and young stem through macro and microscopic analysis as well as phytochemical screening, purity assays (moisture, total and acid insoluble ash contents), total polyphenols and total flavonoids contents. The leaves are amphistomatic, presenting large amounts of tector trichomes, lytocists and stomata were noted on the abaxial leaf surface epidermis. The phytochemical screening detected flavonoids, coumarins and mucilage. The moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 7.05 ± 0.22 %, 18.2 ± 0.18 %, 7.43 ± 1.03 %, 0.55 ± 0.03 % and 0.53 ± 0.007 %, respectively. These results must to subsidize further studies and contribute to the obtainment of relevant informations about this raw material standardization and quality controlColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Actividades corporales de aventura en la escuela: la carrera de orientación como propuesta en el desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales

Os esportes de aventura quando tematizados nas aulas de Educação Física têm o potencial de despertar fortes emoções, principalmente pelas experiências de risco e aventura, no contexto escolar, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular-BNCC, existe há necessidade de se trabalhar a educação emocional. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento socioemocional dos alunos diante de uma intervenção de corrida de orientação. 39 escolares do ensino médio participaram do estudo. Foi aplicado o questionário Big Five Inventory (BFI) após uma intervenção de corrida de orientação para a avaliação do perfil socioemocional. Foi constado que as maiores médias entre os perfis foram: Abertura (34,59), amabilidade (30,44), conscienciosidade (28,23) (tabela 1). A corrida de orientação, se mostra eficaz no desempenho emocional dos escolares pois os perfis de maior as maiores medias foram para os perfis de: Abertura, amabilidade e conscienciosidade. Está intervenção também atende aos requisitos presentes no BNCC sobre o desenvolvimento emocional como também sobre a necessidade de práticas de aventura para a Educação Física.Adventure sports when thematized in Physical Education classes have the potential to arouse strong emotions, mainly through risk and adventure experiences, in the school context, the National Common Curricular Base-BNCC, there is a need to work on emotional education. The objective of this study was to analyze the socio-emotional behavior of students in the face of an orienteering race intervention. 39 high school students participated in the study. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaire was applied after an orienteering race intervention to assess the socio-emotional profile. It was found that the highest averages among the profiles were: Openness (34.59), kindness (30.44), conscientiousness (28.23) (Table 1). The orienteering race proves to be effective in the emotional performance of the students because the profiles of the highest the highest averages were for the profiles of: Openness, kindness and conscientiousness. This intervention also meets the requirements present in the BNCC on emotional development as well as on the need for adventure practices for Physical Education.Los deportes de aventura cuando son tematizados en las clases de Educación Física tienen el potencial de despertar emociones fuertes, principalmente a través de experiencias de riesgo y aventura, en el contexto escolar, Base Curricular Común NacionalBNCC, existe la necesidad de trabajar la educación emocional. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el comportamiento socioemocional de los estudiantes ante una intervención de carrera de orientación. 39 estudiantes de secundaria participaron en el estudio. Se aplicó el cuestionario Big Five Inventory (BFI) después de una intervención de carrera de orientación para evaluar el perfil socioemocional. Se encontró que los promedios más altos entre los perfiles fueron: Apertura (34,59), amabilidad (30,44), escrupulosidad (28,23) (Tabla 1). La carrera de orientación demuestra ser efectiva en el desempeño emocional de los estudiantes debido a que los perfiles de los más altos los promedios más altos fueron para los perfiles de: Apertura, amabilidad y escrupulosidad. Esta intervención también cumple con los requisitos presentes en el BNCC sobre el desarrollo emocional, así como sobre la necesidad de prácticas de aventura para la Educación Física.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació