Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Subsunção do público ao privado na educação paraense

The present study is a Master's dissertation which objective is to analyze how occurs the subsumption of the public sector to the private sector in education through public-private partnerships in the State of Pará, and also to reveal, by documents analyzes , what the State of Pará idealizes as improvement for the education by firming partnerships and what its implications in the school manager work, focusing the analyzes on the relationship between Municipal Government of Pará and the Ayrton Senna Institute (IAS), which represents the so-called Third Sector and the partnerships resulting from the "Education Pact of Pará" which are established between public schools and private companies that also have representatives of the Third Sector. The study was grounded in the historical-dialectical materialism, and a bibliographic and documentary study was conducted with the purpose of knowing and better defining the object, subsumption is understood as a Marxist category, that is inserted in capitalist society and can be observed through relations of implicit or explicit power and is manifested in other daily situations such as partnerships with subjection, subordination of the public sector to the orientations of the private sector. From the set of considerations, it can be concluded that in the two analyzed examples, the public sector had to adjust to the private sector impositions, according to it, the schools that received the actions resulting from these agreements were not heard to know what their main difficulties and if they want participate in the programs they should to comply with what had been defined in higher instances demonstrating a vertical relationship, where the school manager, after signing the agreement or the Pact, had to fit in a determinate profile if he wanted to perform his function, and in the particular case of the IAS, the manager was minimized to a mechanical work of completing worksheets and charging execution of the actions pre-defined by the Institute in the school under his responsibility, functioning as well as a private sector agent with direct responsibility for the school achievements. It is argued in this Dissertation that public-private partnerships can be implemented as long as they represent a desire of the public schools that will receive the programs provided by private companies. In addition, it is understood that the school manager plays an important role as decision-making of the collective, and in the organization of the pedagogical work, although it is not the central figure of the school and thus can not be blamed for the results of the school indexes, which have become the only indicative of quality in education in the State of Pará.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorTrata-se de uma dissertação de Mestrado que tem como objetivo analisar de que forma ocorre a subsunção do público ao privado na educação paraense via parcerias público-privadas, além de desvelar por meio de documentos o que o Estado do Pará idealiza como melhoria para a educação ao realizar as parcerias e quais suas implicações no trabalho do gestor escolar focando as análises para a relação entre Prefeituras Municipais paraenses e o Instituto Ayrton Senna (IAS) o qual representa o chamado Terceiro Setor e as parcerias decorrentes do “Pacto pela Educação do Pará” que são estabelecidas entre escolas públicas e empresas privadas que também contam com representantes do Terceiro Setor. A abordagem do estudo teve auxílio do materialismo histórico-dialético por meio do qual se realizou um estudo bibliográfico e documental com o propósito de conhecer e melhor definir o objeto onde a subsunção é compreendida como uma categoria marxista que na sociedade capitalista pode ser observada via relações de poder implícitas ou explícitas e se manifesta em outras situações do cotidiano como as parcerias onde há a sujeição, subordinação do setor público às orientações do privado. Do conjunto das análises, pode-se concluir que nos dois exemplos analisados, o setor público teve que se adequar às imposições do setor privado segundo o qual as escolas que receberam as ações decorrentes desses acordos não foram ouvidas para saber quais suas principais dificuldades e se desejavam os parceiros privados tendo que acatar o que fora definido em instâncias superiores demonstrando uma verticalização das relações, onde o gestor escolar após a assinatura do convênio ou do Pacto teve que se enquadrar em um determinado perfil se quisesse exercer sua função e no caso particular do IAS o gestor ficou minimizado a um trabalho mecânico de preenchimento de planilhas e cobrando a execução na escola sob sua responsabilidade das ações pré definidas pelo Instituto funcionando assim como um preposto do setor privado com responsabilidade direta pelos resultados alcançados pela escola. Defende-se nesta Dissertação que as parcerias público-privadas podem ser executadas desde que representem um anseio das escolas públicas que receberão os programas fornecidos por empresas privadas. Além disso, compreende-se que o gestor escolar possui papel importante na tomada de decisões do coletivo e na organização do trabalho pedagógico, embora não seja a figura central da escola e assim não pode ser culpabilizado pelos resultados dos índices escolares que vem se concretizando como único indicativo de qualidade na educação do Estado do Pará

Genomic epidemiology reveals how restriction measures shaped the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Brazil

Abstract Brazil has experienced some of the highest numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths globally and made Latin America a pandemic epicenter from May 2021. Although SARS-CoV-2 established sustained transmission in Brazil early in the pandemic, important gaps remain in our understanding of local virus transmission dynamics. Here, we describe the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 using near-full genomes sampled from 27 Brazilian states and an adjacent country - Paraguay. We show that the early stage of the pandemic in Brazil was characterised by the co-circulation of multiple viral lineages, linked to multiple importations predominantly from Europe, and subsequently characterized by large local transmission clusters. As the epidemic progressed, the absence of effective restriction measures led to the local emergence and international spread of Variants of Concern (VOC) and under monitoring (VUM), including the Gamma (P.1) and Zeta (P.2) variants. In addition, we provide a preliminary genomic overview of the epidemic in Paraguay, showing evidence of importation from Brazil. These data reinforce the need for the implementation of widespread genomic surveillance in South America as a toolkit for pandemic monitoring and providing a means to follow the real-time spread of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with possible implications for public health and immunization strategies