The Detailed Chemical Abundance Patterns of M31 Globular Clusters

We present detailed chemical abundances for $>$20 elements in $\sim$30 globular clusters in M31. These results have been obtained using high resolution ($\lambda/\Delta\lambda\sim$24,000) spectra of their integrated light and analyzed using our original method. The globular clusters have galactocentric radii between 2.5 kpc and 117 kpc, and therefore provide abundance patterns for different phases of galaxy formation recorded in the inner and outer halo of M31. We find that the clusters in our survey have a range in metallicity of $-2.2<$[Fe/H]$<-0.11$. The inner halo clusters cover this full range, while the outer halo globular clusters at R$>$20 kpc have a small range in abundance of [Fe/H]$=-1.6 \pm 0.10$. We also measure abundances of alpha, r- and s-process elements. These results constitute the first abundance pattern constraints for old populations in M31 that are comparable to those known for the Milky Way halo.Comment: XII International Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos August 5-12, 2012 Cairns, Australia. To appear in Proceedings of Scienc

Globular Cluster Abundances from High-Resolution, Integrated-Light Spectroscopy. II. Expanding the Metallicity Range for Old Clusters and Updated Analysis Techniques

We present abundances of globular clusters in the Milky Way and Fornax from integrated light spectra. Our goal is to evaluate the consistency of the integrated light analysis relative to standard abundance analysis for individual stars in those same clusters. This sample includes an updated analysis of 7 clusters from our previous publications and results for 5 new clusters that expand the metallicity range over which our technique has been tested. We find that the [Fe/H] measured from integrated light spectra agrees to $\sim$0.1 dex for globular clusters with metallicities as high as [Fe/H]=$-0.3$, but the abundances measured for more metal rich clusters may be underestimated. In addition we systematically evaluate the accuracy of abundance ratios, [X/Fe], for Na I, Mg I, Al I, Si I, Ca I, Ti I, Ti II, Sc II, V I, Cr I, Mn I, Co I, Ni I, Cu I, Y II, Zr I, Ba II, La II, Nd II, and Eu II. The elements for which the integrated light analysis gives results that are most similar to analysis of individual stellar spectra are Fe I, Ca I, Si I, Ni I, and Ba II. The elements that show the greatest differences include Mg I and Zr I. Some elements show good agreement only over a limited range in metallicity. More stellar abundance data in these clusters would enable more complete evaluation of the integrated light results for other important elements.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 37 pages, 13 tables, 29 figure

Spirituality and wellbeing in the context of a study on suicide prevention in North India

The connection between spirituality and wellbeing, including its benefits for physical and mental health, has been recognized in the Eastern cultures for a very long time, although the sharp division between science and religion has caused, for the most part, its neglect inWestern cultures until recently. Nevertheless, limited efforts have been made to explore the impact of spirituality and religion on wellbeing, including the prevention of suicide. We begin with an overview of the literature on religiousness, spirituality, and health and wellbeing. Further, we present a novel study focused on a sample of 160 Indian students from a spiritually oriented university in North India with the aim to understand how spirituality affects their lives and wellbeing and their views about suicide. Our results show that spirituality, generally, has a positive impact on participants’ wellbeing with a potential protective effect against suicidal behavior, although more research on spiritual/religious beliefs as a source of difficulties is warranted

Post-traumatic stress disorders, depression, and anxiety in unaccompanied refugee minors exposed to war-related trauma: a systematic review

This systematic review gathers data from the existing literature on the prevalence and course of psychiatric disorders among unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs). The databases PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched and reference lists of papers were also manually examined to identify relevant articles. Peer-reviewed journal articles included focused on the mental health of URMs, who were forced to leave their place of residence because of threats of wars. A narrative synthesis was done to analyse the data presented in the studies. Results from the fifteen studies included in the review highlighted the high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among URMs. The association between internalizing disorders and exposure to trauma, and time since displacement were examined. Separation from family members, death of parents and close relatives, level of exposure to armed conflicts, and threats to a person were the most frequent stressful life events (SLE) among URMs before migration. Although the number of research done on this vulnerable population is increasing overtime, the review highlights the need for further examination of refugee mental health and the factors affecting symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety

Geomorphic influence on small glacier response to post Little Ice Age climate warming: Julian Alps, Europe

The evolution of glaciers and ice patches, as well as the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) since the Little Ice Age (LIA) were investigated in the Julian Alps (south-eastern European Alps) including ice masses previously unreported. 23 permanent firn and ice bodies have been recognized in the 1853 km2 of this alpine sector, covering a total area in 2012 of 0.385 km2, about one-fifth of the area covered during the LIA (2.350 km2)… … The ice masses in the region are at the lowest elevations of any glaciers in the Alpine Chain, and are characterized by low dynamics. The ELAs of the two major LIA glaciers (Canin and Triglav) have been established at 2275 ± 10 m and 2486 ± 10 m, respectively, by… ... Changes in the ELA and glaciers extension indicate a decoupling from climate. This is most evident in the smallest avalanche-dominated ice bodies, which are currently controlled mainly by precipitation… … resilient to recent climate warming instead of rapidly disappearing as should be expected

Ordering properties of radial ground states and singular ground states of quasilinear elliptic equations

none2noIn this paper we discuss the ordering properties of positive radial solutions of the equation Δpu(x)+k|x|δuq-1(x)=0where x∈ Rn, n> p> 1 , k> 0 , δ> - p, q> p. We are interested both in regular ground states u (GS), defined and positive in the whole of Rn, and in singular ground states v (SGS), defined and positive in Rn { 0 } and such that lim |x|→v(x) = + ∞. A key role in this analysis is played by two bifurcation parameters pJL(δ) and pjl(δ) , such that pJL(δ) > p∗(δ) > pjl(δ) > p: pJL(δ) generalizes the classical Joseph–Lundgren exponent, and pjl(δ) its dual. We show that GS are well ordered, i.e. they cannot cross each other if and only if q≥ pJL(δ) ; this way we extend to the p> 1 case the result proved in Miyamoto (Nonlinear Differ Equ Appl 23(2):24, 2016), Miyamoto and Takahashi (Arch Math Basel 108(1):71–83, 2017) for the p≥ 2 case. Analogously we show that SGS are well ordered, if and only if q≤ pjl(δ) ; this latter result seems to be known just in the classical p= 2 and δ= 0 case, and also the expression of pjl(δ) has not appeared in literature previously.openColucci R.; Franca M.Colucci, R.; Franca, M