Effects of state dependent correlations on nucleon density and momentum distributions

The proton momentum and density distributions of closed shell nuclei are calculated within a model treating short--range correlations up to first order in the cluster expansion. The validity of the model is verified by comparing the results obtained with purely scalar correlations with those produced by finite nuclei Fermi Hypernetted Chain calculations. State dependent correlations are used to calculate momentum and density distributions of 12C, 16O, 40Ca, and 48Ca, and the effects of their tensor components are studied.Comment: 16 pages, latex, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

The deep human prehistory of global tropical forests and its relevance for modern conservation

Significant human impacts on tropical forests have been considered the preserve of recent societies, linked to large-scale deforestation, resource mining, livestock grazing, and plantation industries. Cumulative archaeological evidence now demonstrates, however, that Homo sapiens has actively manipulated tropical forest ecologies for at least 45,000 years. It is clear that these millennia of impacts need to be taken into account when studying and conserving tropical forest ecosystems today. Nevertheless, archaeology has so far provided minimal practical insight into contemporary human-tropical forest interactions. Here, we review significant archaeological evidence for impacts of prehistoric hunter-gatherers, agriculturalists, and urban settlements on global tropical forests. We compare the challenges faced, as well as the solutions adopted, by these groups with those confronting present-day societies, which rely on tropical forests for ecosystem services, ranging from the maintenance of global carbon sinks to bioprospection for medicinal plants. We emphasise archaeology’s importance in not only promoting natural and cultural heritage in tropical forests, but also taking an active role in informing modern conservation and policy-making

Etude de la germination de cinq provenances de Tamarindusindica L. en conditions de stress hydrique au Sénégal

Ce présent travail se propose d’évaluer le comportement germinatif de cinq provenances de tamarinier (Tamarindus indica L.) dans des conditions de stress  hydrique. Six concentrations croissantes 0 ; - 1,4 ; - 2,8 ; - 4,2 ; - 5,6 ; -7 bar de polyéthylène glycol (PEG 6000) ont été testées. Les résultats ont montré une  variabilité de la germination de l’espèce en fonction de l’intensité du stress et de la provenance. Le seuil critique de germination des provenances du tamarinier est  de -7 bar. La provenance Sakkal de la zone sahélienne s’est montrée plus tolérante au stress hydrique avec un taux de germination de 2% en conditions de stress  sévère. Toutefois, ces faibles résultats sont imputables aux conditions de conservation des graines. Ces informations sur l'écologie et la physiologie de la  germination du tamarinier sont vitales, non seulement pour comprendre les variations génétiques des différentes populations de tamarinier au Sénégal, mais aussi pour développer des stratégies pour la conservation de la biodiversité et la restauration des forêts tropicales.Mots clés : Germination, provenances, Tamarindus indica L., stress hydrique, Sénégal

A model for two-proton emission induced by electron scattering

A model to study two-proton emission processes induced by electron scattering is developed. The process is induced by one-body electromagnetic operators acting together with short-range correlations, and by two-body $\Delta$ currents. The model includes all the diagrams containing a single correlation function. A test of the sensitivity of the model to the various theoretical inputs is done. An investigation of the relevance of the $\Delta$ currents is done by changing the final state angular momentum, excitation energy and momentum transfer. The sensitivity of the cross section to the details of the correlation function is studied by using realistic and schematic correlations. Results for $^{12}$C, $^{16}$O and $^{40}$Ca nuclei are presented.Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures, 3 table

Electron-induced proton knockout from neutron rich nuclei

We study the evolution of the \eep cross section on nuclei with increasing asymmetry between the number of neutrons and protons. The calculations are done within the framework of the nonrelativistic and relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation. In the nonrelativistic model phenomenological Woods-Saxon and Hartree-Fock wave functions are used for the proton bound-state wave functions, in the relativistic model the wave functions are solutions of Dirac-Hartree equations. The models are first tested against experimental data on $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca nuclei, and then they are applied to a set of spherical calcium isotopes.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. contribution to the XIX International School on Nuclear Physics, Neutron Physics and Applications, Varna (Bulgaria) September 19-25, 201

Motivations for innovation in the built environment: new directions for research

Innovation in the built environment involves multiple actors with diverse motivations. Policy-makers find it difficult to promote changes that require cooperation from these numerous and dispersed actors and to align their sometimes divergent interests. Established research traditions on the economics and management of innovation pay only limited attention to stakeholder choices, engagement and motivation. This paper reviews the insights that emerge as research in these traditions comes into contact with work on innovation from sociological and political perspectives. It contributes by highlighting growing areas of research on user involvement in complex innovation, collective action, distributed innovation and transition management. To differing extents, these provide approaches to incorporate the motivations of different actors into theoretical understanding. These indicate new directions for research that promise to enrich understanding of innovation

A qualitative study of stakeholders' perspectives on the social network service environment

Over two billion people are using the Internet at present, assisted by the mediating activities of software agents which deal with the diversity and complexity of information. There are, however, ethical issues due to the monitoring-and-surveillance, data mining and autonomous nature of software agents. Considering the context, this study aims to comprehend stakeholders' perspectives on the social network service environment in order to identify the main considerations for the design of software agents in social network services in the near future. Twenty-one stakeholders, belonging to three key stakeholder groups, were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy for unstandardised semi-structured e-mail interviews. The interview data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis method. It was possible to identify three main considerations for the design of software agents in social network services, which were classified into the following categories: comprehensive understanding of users' perception of privacy, user type recognition algorithms for software agent development and existing software agents enhancement

Multi-performance optimisation framework for the selection of structural alternatives based on sustainable qualities

In recent years, the increasing demand for innovative sustainable policies in building engineering has shifted the decision rationale from traditional performance-based systems towards systems augmented by life-cycle sustainability notions. This paper investigates a novel optimisation framework, which supports the selection of buildings’ structural alternatives at concept stage by applying multiple performance, sustainable requirements. The established model explores ways to effectively compute and process expert knowledge across different stakeholders groups into a consolidated decision-making platform supported by Lean Theory. A systematic procedure based on the Quality Function Deployment is utilised to successfully translate 16 sustainability requirements into 27 corresponding engineering design requirements. The theoretical and mathematical principles of Analytic Network Process are applied on a pilot study to build general decision clusters, identify feedback links amongst the various engineering criteria and determine their inner dependences

Is the pharmacy profession innovative enough?: meeting the needs of Australian residents with chronic conditions and their carers using the nominal group technique

Background Community pharmacies are ideally located as a source of support for people with chronic conditions. Yet, we have limited insight into what innovative pharmacy services would support this consumer group to manage their condition/s. The aim of this study was to identify what innovations people with chronic conditions and their carers want from their ideal community pharmacy, and compare with what pharmacists and pharmacy support staff think consumers want. Methods We elicited ideas using the nominal group technique. Participants included people with chronic conditions, unpaid carers, pharmacists and pharmacy support staff, in four regions of Australia. Themes were identified via thematic analysis using the constant comparison method. Results Fifteen consumer/carer, four pharmacist and two pharmacy support staff groups were conducted. Two overarching themes were identified: extended scope of practice for the pharmacist and new or improved pharmacy services. The most innovative role for Australian pharmacists was medication continuance, within a limited time-frame. Consumers and carers wanted improved access to pharmacists, but this did not necessarily align with a faster or automated dispensing service. Other ideas included streamlined access to prescriptions via medication reminders, electronic prescriptions and a chronic illness card. Conclusions This study provides further support for extending the pharmacist’s role in medication continuance, particularly as it represents the consumer’s voice. How this is done, or the methods used, needs to optimise patient safety. A range of innovative strategies were proposed and Australian community pharmacies should advocate for and implement innovative approaches to improve access and ensure continuity of care