Cephalopods in the diet of elephant seals at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands

Cephalopod remains from 11 elephant seals (Mirounga leonina L.) collected at Signy Istand, South Orkney lslands, consist mainly of 68 upper beaks (mandibles) and 50 lower beaks. The lower beaks were sorted and measured. Eight species in six families are present. Gonarus antarcticus contributing 42%, an unidentified teuthoid (20% ), Moroteuthis knipovitchi ( 14%) and an octopod ( 10%) were the most numerous species. Estimates from beak lengths show that the octopus contributed 60% of the weight of cephalopod flesh represented by beaks in this collcction, while Gonatus antarcticus contributed 15% and Moroteuthis knipovitchi 10%. The species most frequently eaten are Gonatus antarcticus (44% of samples containing lower beaks) and the unidentified teuthoid (56% of samples)

Certificación académica

Copia digitalizada a color del original.Certificación con todas las asignaturas cursadas por Ramón Ortiz Fornaguera de las licenciaturas de Exactas y Físicas

Genome-wide association study identifies 25 known breast cancer susceptibility loci as risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer

In a genome-wide scan, we show that 30 variants in 25 genomic regions are associated with risk of TN breast cancer. Women carrying many of the risk variants may have 4-fold increased risk relative to women with few variants.Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with a unique set of epidemiologic and genetic risk factors. We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of TN breast cancer (stage 1: 1529 TN cases, 3399 controls; stage 2: 2148 cases, 1309 controls) to identify loci that influence TN breast cancer risk. Variants in the 19p13.1 and PTHLH loci showed genome-wide significant associations (P < 5 x 10(-) (8)) in stage 1 and 2 combined. Results also suggested a substantial enrichment of significantly associated variants among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed in stage 2. Variants from 25 of 74 known breast cancer susceptibility loci were also associated with risk of TN breast cancer (P < 0.05). Associations with TN breast cancer were confirmed for 10 loci (LGR6, MDM4, CASP8, 2q35, 2p24.1, TERT-rs10069690, ESR1, TOX3, 19p13.1, RALY), and we identified associations with TN breast cancer for 15 additional breast cancer loci (P < 0.05: PEX14, 2q24.1, 2q31.1, ADAM29, EBF1, TCF7L2, 11q13.1, 11q24.3, 12p13.1, PTHLH, NTN4, 12q24, BRCA2, RAD51L1-rs2588809, MKL1). Further, two SNPs independent of previously reported signals in ESR1 [rs12525163 odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, P = 4.9 x 10(-) (4)] and 19p13.1 (rs1864112 OR = 0.84, P = 1.8 x 10(-) (9)) were associated with TN breast cancer. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for TN breast cancer based on known breast cancer risk variants showed a 4-fold difference in risk between the highest and lowest PRS quintiles (OR = 4.03, 95% confidence interval 3.46-4.70, P = 4.8 x 10(-) (69)). This translates to an absolute risk for TN breast cancer ranging from 0.8% to 3.4%, suggesting that genetic variation may be used for TN breast cancer risk prediction