Analysis of some mixed elements for the Stokes problem

AbstractIn this paper we discuss some mixed finite element methods related to the reduced integration penalty method for solving the Stokes problem. We prove optimal order error estimates for bilinear-constant and biquadratic-bilinear velocity-pressure finite element solutions. The result for the biquadratic-bilinear element is new, while that for the bilinear-constant element improves the convergence analysis of Johnson and Pitkäranta (1982). In the degenerate case when the penalty parameter is set to be zero, our results reduce to some related known results proved in by Brezzi and Fortin (1991) for the bilinear-constant element, and Bercovier and Pironneau (1979) for the biquadratic-bilinear element. Our theoretical results are consistent with the numerical results reported by Carey and Krishnan (1982) and Oden et al. (1982)

PENGOLAHAN DATA PENJUALAN DAN PEMBELIAN JAMU DI AGEN RESMI JAMU JAYA GUNA BREBES

Sebagaimana program – program yang sudah ada Pengolahan Datan Penjualan dan Pembelian Jamu diAgen resmi Jamu Jaya Guna Brebes adalah mengolah data – data penjualan dan pembelian yang ada pada Agen resmi Jamu Jaya Guna di mana pada Pengolahan data tersebut mengatur tentang jumlah pengeluaran barang (Stock, Sachet, Tablet) yang dikeluar oleh pabrik jamu Jaya Guna Brebes untuk di hitung supaya dijadikan bahan pertimbangan bagi sebuah perusahaan. Dalam Pengolahan data Penjualan dan Pembelian Jamu di Agen resmi Jaya Guna Brebes Dalam suatu perusahaan besar ataupun kecil yang bergerak di bidang pemasaran, masalah yang termasuk paling penting yang harus ditangani adalah pengolahan data transaksi penjualan dan pembelian. Oleh karena itu, maka kedua transaksi itu haruslah menjadi prioritas utama dalam penanganannya. Sehingga tidak terjadi kesalahan yang akan merusak jalannya usaha dari perusahaan tersebut

Effect of temperature on the accumulation of marine biogenic gels in the surface microlayer near the outlet of nuclear power plants and adjacent areas in the Daya Bay, China

The surface microlayer (SML) in marine systems is often characterized by an enrichment of biogenic, gel-like particles, such as the polysaccharide-containing transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and the protein-containing Coomassie stainable particles (CSP). This study investigated the distribution of TEP and CSP, in the SML and underlying water, as well as their bio-physical controlling factors in Daya Bay, an area impacted by warm discharge from two Nuclear power plants (Npp’s) and aquaculture during a research cruise in July 2014. The SML had higher proportions of cyanobacteria and of pico-size Chl a contrast to the underlayer water, particularly at the nearest outlet station characterized by higher temperature. Diatoms, dinoflagellates and chlorophyll a were depleted in the SML. Both CSP and TEP abundance and total area were enriched in the SML relative to the underlying water, with enrichment factors (EFs) of 1.5–3.4 for CSP numbers and 1.32–3.2 for TEP numbers. Although TEP and CSP showed highest concentration in the region where high productivity and high nutrient concertation were observed, EFs of gels and of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved acidic polysaccharide (> 1 kDa), exhibited higher values near the outlet of the Npp’s than in the adjacent waters. The positive relation between EF’s of gels and temperature and the enrichment of cyanobacteria in the SML may be indicative of future conditions in a warmer ocean, suggesting potential effects on adjusting phytoplankton community, biogenic element cycling and air-sea exchange processe

Generalized trigonometric interpolation

This article proposes a generalization of the Fourier interpolation formula, where a wider range of the basic trigonometric functions is considered. The extension of the procedure is done in two ways: adding an exponent to the maps involved, and considering a family of fractal functions that contains the standard case. The studied interpolation converges for every continuous function, for a large range of the nodal mappings chosen. The error of interpolation is bounded in two ways: one theorem studies the convergence for Hölder continuous functions and other develops the case of merely continuous maps. The stability of the approximation procedure is proved as well

Frequency-Synthesized Approach to High-Power Attosecond Pulse Generation and Applications: Generation and Diagnostics

We present a new scheme of generating high-power attosecond pulses and arbitrary waveform synthesis by multicolor synthesis. The full bandwidth of the multicolor laser system extends more than two-octaves and reaches 37,600 cm−1 which can be used to generate sub-single-cycle (∼0.37 cycle) sub-femtosecond (360 attosecond) pulses with carrier-envelope phase (CEP) control. The results show a promising approach for generation of relatively high-power attosecond pulses in the optical region. In this chapter, the design and diagnostics of the laser system are described. In part 2 of this work (the following chapter), we demonstrate selected applications of this novel source, such as coherently controlled harmonic generation as well as phase-sensitive 2-color ablation of copper and stainless steel by this multi-color laser system

Provably-secure quantum randomness expansion with uncharacterised homodyne detection

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are able to generate numbers that are certifiably random, even to an agent who holds some side-information. Such systems typically require that the elements being used are precisely calibrated and validly certified for a credible security analysis. However, this can be experimentally challenging and result in potential side-channels which could compromise the security of the QRNG. In this work, we propose, design and experimentally demonstrate a QRNG protocol that completely removes the calibration requirement for the measurement device. Moreover, our protocol is secure against quantum side-information. We also take into account the finite-size effects and remove the independent and identically distributed requirement for the measurement side. More importantly, our QRNG scheme features a simple implementation which uses only standard optical components and are readily implementable on integrated-photonic platforms. To validate the feasibility and practicability of the protocol, we set up a fibre-optical experimental system with a home-made homodyne detector with an effective efficiency of 91.7% at 1550nm. The system works at a rate of 2.5MHz, and obtains a net randomness expansion rate of 4.98kbits/s at 1E10 rounds. Our results pave the way for an integrated QRNG with self-testing feature and provable security.Comment: This is a preliminary draft, comments and suggestions are welcomed

A retrospective study of surgical treatment and outcome among women with adnexal torsion in eastern Taiwan from 2010 to 2015

Background Adnexal torsion is a gynecologic emergency that requires surgical treatment. In this study, we reviewed the surgical outcomes of women with adnexal torsion in eastern Taiwan (Hualien county, area 4,629 km2, 330,000 residents). Methods This retrospective study included 42 women diagnosed with surgically-proven adnexal torsion from January 1, 2010, to September 31, 2015. We compared the symptoms, objective findings, and surgical outcomes of patients who underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy. Results The laparoscopy and laparotomy groups included 27 and 15 patients, respectively. The most common symptom and sign was abdominal pain, followed by nausea and vomiting. In all patients, an adnexal tumor was detected through ultrasound. The median and range of time from admission to surgery was 1.5 (1–11.5) and 1.0 (1–11) hours in the laparotomy and laparoscopy groups, respectively. Compared with those undergoing laparotomy, the smaller tumor size [7 (4.2–10) vs. 10 (7–17) cm] and shorter hospital stay [4 (2–8) vs. 6 (3–9) days] in patients undergoing laparoscopy were significantly noted, respectively (P < 0.01). No differences were observed in age, operative time, and blood loss between both groups. The surgeries performed were mostly detorsion with cystectomy and adnexectomy. The most common pathology was a simple ovarian cyst, followed by teratoma. Regarding the surgical types, older age is the only risk factor for radical surgery. Discussion Acute onset of abdominal pain with a presenting ovarian tumor is the most common feature of adnexal torsion. Laparoscopic surgical group showed a small tumor size and a short ER hospital stay than laparotomy. Older age is the risk factor for radical surgery

Genetic relationships among twelve Chinese indigenous goat populations based on microsatellite analysis

Twelve Chinese indigenous goat populations were genotyped for twenty-six microsatellite markers recommended by the EU Sheep and Goat Biodiversity Project. A total of 452 goats were tested. Seventeen of the 26 microsatellite markers used in this analysis had four or more alleles. The mean expected heterozygosity and the mean observed heterozygosity for the population varied from 0.611 to 0.784 and 0.602 to 0.783 respectively. The mean FST (0.105) demonstrated that about 89.5% of the total genetic variation was due to the genetic differentiation within each population. A phylogenetic tree based on the Nei (1978) standard genetic distance displayed a remarkable degree of consistency with their different geographical origins and their presumed migration throughout China. The correspondence analysis did not only distinguish population groups, but also confirmed the above results, classifying the important populations contributing to diversity. Additionally, some specific alleles were shown to be important in the construction of the population structure. The study analyzed the recent origins of these populations and contributed to the knowledge and genetic characterization of Chinese indigenous goat populations. In addition, the seventeen microsatellites recommended by the EU Sheep and Goat Biodiversity Project proved to be useful for the biodiversity studies in goat breeds