Rôle du récepteur B2 de la Bradykinine dans un modèle murin de choc hémorragique contrôlé

Le système kinine-kallicréine (SKK) est un système peptidique vasoactif dont l'action vasodilatatrice est médiée par l'activation de deux récepteurs de la bradykinine (BK): le RB2 (constitutif) et le RB1 (inductible). Ils sont impliqués dans plusieurs fonctions physiologiques telles que la régulation locale et systémique de la pression artérielle, la volémie et la perméabilité vasculaire. Par ses interactions avec le système rénine-angiotensine (SRA), la BK participe aux effets thérapeutiques des inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion (IEC). Le SKK joue un rôle encore mal connu dans le contrôle de la pression artérielle lors d'une anesthésie ou d'un état de choc, en particulier hémorragique.L'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier le rôle du RB2 dans l'hypotension artérielle et les dysfonctions d'organe induites par un choc hémorragique. Deux modèles murins de choc hémorragique contrôlé ont été utilisés: i) un modèle à pression contrôlée afin d'évaluer l'impact hémodynamique, ii) un modèle à volume contrôlé pour évaluer le retentissement sur la défaillance d'organe. Nous avons d'abord étudié l'impact du blocage du RB2 (par invalidation génique ou blocage pharmacologique) sur la sévérité de l'agression rénale aiguë et la perméabilité vasculaire rénale induite par un choc hémorragique à pression contrôlée. Dans ce modèle, le RB2 ne joue pas de rôle néphroprotecteur. Par contre, son blocage améliore la tolérance à l'hypotension et réduit la mortalité induite par le choc hémorragique. Nous avons ensuite étudié, dans un modèle comportant une exposition préalable à un IEC, l'impact hémodynamique du blocage pharmacologique du RB2 au cours d'un choc hémorragique à pression ou à volume contrôlé. En effet, l'imprégnation préalable par un IEC peut être à l'origine d'hypotensions artérielles réfractaires délétères pendant l'anesthésie et a fortiori en cas d'état de choc hémorragique. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que le blocage du RB2 juste avant le choc permet de limiter l'aggravation des hypotensions artérielles induite par les IEC et diminue la lactatémie. Dans cette même situation, nous avons étudié l'impact du blocage du RB2 sur la mortalité et la défaillance d'organe induites par un choc hémorragique à volume contrôlé. Nous avons montré que le blocage du RB2 réduit significativement la mortalité des souris préalablement traitées par un IEC par rapport aux souris sous IEC seul. Dans nos conditions expérimentales, le blocage du RB2 ne semble pas modifier l'impact hépatique, rénal et digestif du choc. En conclusion, le RB2 n'exerce pas spontanément de rôle néphroprotecteur au cours du choc hémorragique. Par contre, l'effet hémodynamique bénéfique de son blocage au cours d'un choc hémorragique indique que l'accumulation de BK participe à l'hypotension artérielle observée dans cette circonstance. Compte tenu des bénéfices en terme de mortalité, le blocage aigu du SKK par un antagoniste du RB2 mérite d'être étudié chez les patients traités au long cours par des inhibiteurs du SRA et qui nécessitent une prise en charge en urgence en anesthésie-réanimation.The kallikrein-kinin system (SKK) is a peptide vasoactive system, its vasodilator action is mediated through activation of two G-protein coupled receptors (R) for bradykinin (BK): B2R (constitutive) and B1R (inducible). They are involved in many physiological functions such as local and systemic regulation of blood pressure, blood volume and vascular permeability. BK interacts with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and contributes to the therapeutic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The SKK involvement in blood pressure control during anaesthesia or shock, especially during haemorrhage remains poorly documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of B2R in hypotension and organ dysfunction induced by haemorrhagic shock. Two models of controlled haemorrhagic shock in mice were used: i) a pressure controlled model to assess the hemodynamic impact, ii) a controlled volume model to assess the impact on the organ failure. We investigated first the effect RB2 blockade (by gene knockout or pharmacological blockade) on the severity of acute renal injury and changes in renal vascular permeability induced by a controlled pressure haemorrhagic shock. In this model, the B2R does not play a nephroprotective role. By contrast, B2R blockage improves low blood pressure tolerance and reduces mortality induced by haemorrhagic shock. Then, we investigated the hemodynamic effect of B2R blockage on pressure or volume controlled hemorrhagic shock models in ACEI-pretreated mice. In fact, ACEI can be associated with severe deleterious hypotension during anaesthesia as well as during haemorrhagic shock. We showed B2R blockade before hemorrhagic shock induction decreased the worsening of ACEI-induced arterial hypotension and decrease blood lactate. Finally, we investigated the impact of pharmacological blockade of B2R on mortality and multi-organs failure during volume controlled hemorrhagic shock model in ACEI-pre-treated mice. We showed blocking the B2R significantly reduces mortality in ACEI-pre-treated mice. However, under our experimental conditions, B2R blockade does not alter significantly the impact of hemorrhagic shock on liver, kidney and intestine. In conclusion, the B2R does not play a nephroprotective role in a murine hemorrhagic shock. However, the beneficial effect of B2R blockade points out the involvement of BK accumulation during hemorrhagic shock-induced hypotension. According to the benefits observed regarding mortality, acute SKK blockage using a B2R antagonist should be considered in patients treated by RAS blockers and that require emergency anaesthesia and intensive care

Why us? Perceived injustice is associated with more sexual and psychological distress in couples coping with genito-pelvic pain

Introduction Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is the most frequent cause of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD) and is associated with negative psychological and sexual consequences for affected women and their partners. PVD is often misdiagnosed or ignored and many couples may experience a sense of injustice, due to the loss of their ability to have a normal sexual life. Perceiving injustice has been documented to have important consequences in individuals with chronic pain. However, no quantitative research has investigated the experience of injustice in this population. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between perceived injustice and pain, sexual satisfaction, sexual distress, and depression among women with PVD and their partners. Methods Women diagnosed with PVD (N = 50) and their partners completed questionnaires of perceived injustice, pain, sexual satisfaction, sexual distress, and depression. Main Outcome Measures (1) Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Scale; (2) Female Sexual Distress Scale; (3) Beck Depression Inventory-II; and (4) McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire. Results After controlling for partners' age, women's higher level of perceived injustice was associated with their own greater sexual distress, and the same pattern was found for partners. Women's higher level of perceived injustice was associated with their own greater depression, and the same pattern was found for partners. Women's higher perceived injustice was not associated with their own lower sexual satisfaction but partners' higher perceived injustice was associated with their own lower sexual satisfaction. Perceived injustice was not associated with women's pain intensity. Conclusion Results suggest that perceiving injustice may have negative consequences for the couple's sexual and psychological outcomes. However, the effects of perceived injustice appear to be intra-individual. Targeting perceived injustice could enhance the efficacy of psychological interventions for women with PVD and their partners

Tisser des alliances dans la classe de danse pour soutenir la diversité : passer des valeurs aux actes

Parmi les enjeux actuels de l’articulation entre danse et éducation, cet article porte un regard particulier sur celui de l’adaptation des interventions aux besoins et aux caractéristiques des élèves en situation de handicap. Comment Alice, enseignante de danse au Québec, dans ses interactions didactico-pédagogiques avec ses élèves, mobilise-t-elle des savoirs et des savoirs faire qui favorisent l’apprentissage pour tous ? Au sein d’une recherche menée au Québec, ont été croisés le cadre théorique des alliances éducatives et celui de la didactique de la danse. À partir d’extraits de pratiques filmées des cours de danse d’Alice et via des extraits de l’entretien d’explicitation mené auprès d’elle, nous mettrons en évidence que les stratégies didactico-pédagogiques d’Alice soutiennent un réseau d’alliances tissées avec les élèves. Cela passe par la mise en œuvre d’actions et de discours qui reconnaissent leur diversité et leur expertise singulière, en s’appuyant sur des valeurs de respect et d’équité, tout en utilisant des propositions variées et adaptées, au cœur d’une communication ouverte et attentive.Among the current issues in the articulation between dance and education, this article takes a particular look at pedagogical interventions used to follow the needs of all students including those with disabilities. How does Alice, a dance teacher in Quebec, mobilize knowledge and know-how in her didactic-pedagogical interactions with her students that promote learning for all? Within a research project conducted in Quebec, the theoretical framework of educational alliances and that of dance didactics were crossed. Using excerpts from Alice's filmed dance class practices and excerpts from an explanatory interview conducted with her, we will show that Alice's didactic-pedagogical strategies support a network of alliances forged with her students. This involves the implementation of actions and discourses that recognize their diversity and singular expertise, based on values of respect and equity, while using varied and adapted propositions, at the heart of an open and attentive communication

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Early and Evolution of Alzheimer’s Disease Detections and Enhancing Senior Mental Health through Innovative Art-Singing Therapies: A Multidisciplinary Approach

The well-documented therapeutic potential of group singing for patients living with Alzheimer’s disease (PLAD) has been hindered by COVID-19 restrictions, exacerbating loneliness and cognitive decline among seniors in residential and long-term care centers (CHSLDs). Addressing this challenge, the multidisciplinary study aims to develop a patient-oriented virtual reality (XR) interaction system facilitating group singing for mental health support during confinement and enhancing the understanding of the links between Alzheimer’s disease, social interaction, and singing. The researchers also propose to establish an early AD detection system using voice, facial, and non-invasive biometric measurements and validate the efficacy of selected intervention practices. The methodology involves co-designing an intelligent environment with caregivers to support PLAD mental health through online group singing, addressing existing constraints in CHSLDs. The researchers will engage volunteers in remote singing interactions and validate the impact of voice stimulation for PLADs using a control group. The primary expected outcome is the development of an “Intelligent Learning Health Environment,” fostering interactions while adapting to individual PLAD situations and incrementally accumulating knowledge on AD signs. This environment will facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technologies to promote non-verbal interactions via singing, enabling intervention at the first symptoms. Additionally, the research will contribute to transforming CHSLDs’ living environments, informed by neuroscience insights, and potentially extend the “collaborative self-care” approach to support seniors in aging safely and healthily at home

Season of birth and Alzheimer's disease: a population-based study in Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean/Québec (IMAGE Project)

The birth distribution of 399 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) identified in the region of Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (Québec) was compared with that of: (a) the population currently living in the area; and (b) the population born during the same period in the area. AD cases have been recruited since 1986 by the IMAGE Project. Cases and controls were grouped according to the month of birth and according to the day of birth using density estimation. Analyses showed a significant deficit of births in the month of May. We believe these preliminary results deserve further attention and we suggest two possible explanations that could lead to a deficit of AD births at specific periods during the year

Overview of the current use of levosimendan in France: a prospective observational cohort study

Abstract Background Following the results of randomized controlled trials on levosimendan, French health authorities requested an update of the current use and side-effects of this medication on a national scale. Method The France-LEVO registry was a prospective observational cohort study reflecting the indications, dosing regimens, and side-effects of levosimendan, as well as patient outcomes over a year. Results The patients included ( n = 602) represented 29.6% of the national yearly use of levosimendan in France. They were treated for cardiogenic shock ( n = 250, 41.5%), decompensated heart failure ( n = 127, 21.1%), cardiac surgery-related low cardiac output prophylaxis and/or treatment ( n = 86, 14.3%), and weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( n = 82, 13.6%). They received 0.18 ± 0.07 µg/kg/min levosimendan over 26 ± 8 h. An initial bolus was administered in 45 patients (7.5%), 103 (17.1%) received repeated infusions, and 461 (76.6%) received inotropes and or vasoactive agents concomitantly. Hypotension was reported in 218 patients (36.2%), atrial fibrillation in 85 (14.1%), and serious adverse events in 17 (2.8%). 136 patients (22.6%) died in hospital, and 26 (4.3%) during the 90-day follow-up. Conclusions We observed that levosimendan was used in accordance with recent recommendations by French physicians. Hypotension and atrial fibrillation remained the most frequent side-effects, while serious adverse event potentially attributable to levosimendan were infrequent. The results suggest that this medication was safe and potentially associated with some benefit in the population studied

Role of bradykinin B2 receptor in a mouse model of controlled hemorrhagic shock

Le système kinine-kallicréine (SKK) est un système peptidique vasoactif dont l'action vasodilatatrice est médiée par l'activation de deux récepteurs de la bradykinine (BK): le RB2 (constitutif) et le RB1 (inductible). Ils sont impliqués dans plusieurs fonctions physiologiques telles que la régulation locale et systémique de la pression artérielle, la volémie et la perméabilité vasculaire. Par ses interactions avec le système rénine-angiotensine (SRA), la BK participe aux effets thérapeutiques des inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion (IEC). Le SKK joue un rôle encore mal connu dans le contrôle de la pression artérielle lors d'une anesthésie ou d'un état de choc, en particulier hémorragique.L'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier le rôle du RB2 dans l'hypotension artérielle et les dysfonctions d'organe induites par un choc hémorragique. Deux modèles murins de choc hémorragique contrôlé ont été utilisés: i) un modèle à pression contrôlée afin d'évaluer l'impact hémodynamique, ii) un modèle à volume contrôlé pour évaluer le retentissement sur la défaillance d'organe. Nous avons d'abord étudié l'impact du blocage du RB2 (par invalidation génique ou blocage pharmacologique) sur la sévérité de l'agression rénale aiguë et la perméabilité vasculaire rénale induite par un choc hémorragique à pression contrôlée. Dans ce modèle, le RB2 ne joue pas de rôle néphroprotecteur. Par contre, son blocage améliore la tolérance à l'hypotension et réduit la mortalité induite par le choc hémorragique. Nous avons ensuite étudié, dans un modèle comportant une exposition préalable à un IEC, l'impact hémodynamique du blocage pharmacologique du RB2 au cours d'un choc hémorragique à pression ou à volume contrôlé. En effet, l'imprégnation préalable par un IEC peut être à l'origine d'hypotensions artérielles réfractaires délétères pendant l'anesthésie et a fortiori en cas d'état de choc hémorragique. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que le blocage du RB2 juste avant le choc permet de limiter l'aggravation des hypotensions artérielles induite par les IEC et diminue la lactatémie. Dans cette même situation, nous avons étudié l'impact du blocage du RB2 sur la mortalité et la défaillance d'organe induites par un choc hémorragique à volume contrôlé. Nous avons montré que le blocage du RB2 réduit significativement la mortalité des souris préalablement traitées par un IEC par rapport aux souris sous IEC seul. Dans nos conditions expérimentales, le blocage du RB2 ne semble pas modifier l'impact hépatique, rénal et digestif du choc. En conclusion, le RB2 n'exerce pas spontanément de rôle néphroprotecteur au cours du choc hémorragique. Par contre, l'effet hémodynamique bénéfique de son blocage au cours d'un choc hémorragique indique que l'accumulation de BK participe à l'hypotension artérielle observée dans cette circonstance. Compte tenu des bénéfices en terme de mortalité, le blocage aigu du SKK par un antagoniste du RB2 mérite d'être étudié chez les patients traités au long cours par des inhibiteurs du SRA et qui nécessitent une prise en charge en urgence en anesthésie-réanimation.The kallikrein-kinin system (SKK) is a peptide vasoactive system, its vasodilator action is mediated through activation of two G-protein coupled receptors (R) for bradykinin (BK): B2R (constitutive) and B1R (inducible). They are involved in many physiological functions such as local and systemic regulation of blood pressure, blood volume and vascular permeability. BK interacts with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and contributes to the therapeutic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The SKK involvement in blood pressure control during anaesthesia or shock, especially during haemorrhage remains poorly documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of B2R in hypotension and organ dysfunction induced by haemorrhagic shock. Two models of controlled haemorrhagic shock in mice were used: i) a pressure controlled model to assess the hemodynamic impact, ii) a controlled volume model to assess the impact on the organ failure. We investigated first the effect RB2 blockade (by gene knockout or pharmacological blockade) on the severity of acute renal injury and changes in renal vascular permeability induced by a controlled pressure haemorrhagic shock. In this model, the B2R does not play a nephroprotective role. By contrast, B2R blockage improves low blood pressure tolerance and reduces mortality induced by haemorrhagic shock. Then, we investigated the hemodynamic effect of B2R blockage on pressure or volume controlled hemorrhagic shock models in ACEI-pretreated mice. In fact, ACEI can be associated with severe deleterious hypotension during anaesthesia as well as during haemorrhagic shock. We showed B2R blockade before hemorrhagic shock induction decreased the worsening of ACEI-induced arterial hypotension and decrease blood lactate. Finally, we investigated the impact of pharmacological blockade of B2R on mortality and multi-organs failure during volume controlled hemorrhagic shock model in ACEI-pre-treated mice. We showed blocking the B2R significantly reduces mortality in ACEI-pre-treated mice. However, under our experimental conditions, B2R blockade does not alter significantly the impact of hemorrhagic shock on liver, kidney and intestine. In conclusion, the B2R does not play a nephroprotective role in a murine hemorrhagic shock. However, the beneficial effect of B2R blockade points out the involvement of BK accumulation during hemorrhagic shock-induced hypotension. According to the benefits observed regarding mortality, acute SKK blockage using a B2R antagonist should be considered in patients treated by RAS blockers and that require emergency anaesthesia and intensive care