Neoliberalism and patterns of economic performance: 1980 to 2000

Neoliberal discourse often produces the impression that the world has undergone a wholesale shift toward laissez-faire and that this shift has produced economic prosperity. This article examines national economic data to discern the degree to which (1) governments have in fact retreated from the market and (2) countries have enjoyed increasing economic prosperity over a period in which they have supposedly been liberalizing. The evidence is mixed on both counts. Although international capital mobility and trade liberalism appears to have grown over the past two decades, there is little evidence of a broad scaling back of governments. Over the same period, countries have not experienced any appreciable improvement in growth, cross-national equality, employment, or national debt loads, although there is some evidence of improved price stability near the end of the 1990s.trade; neoliberalism; structural adjustment; Latin America; economy; transfers; budget; spending

Multiple, solid evidence support that Austropotamobius italicus is not native to Spain

Peer Reviewe

Neoliberalism and patterns of economic performance: 1980 to 2000

Neoliberal discourse often produces the impression that the world has undergone a wholesale shift toward laissez-faire and that this shift has produced economic prosperity. This article examines national economic data to discern the degree to which (1) governments have in fact retreated from the market and (2) countries have enjoyed increasing economic prosperity over a period in which they have supposedly been liberalizing. The evidence is mixed on both counts. Although international capital mobility and trade liberalism appears to have grown over the past two decades, there is little evidence of a broad scaling back of governments. Over the same period, countries have not experienced any appreciable improvement in growth, cross-national equality, employment, or national debt loads, although there is some evidence of improved price stability near the end of the 1990s

Neoliberalism and patterns of economic performance: 1980 to 2000

Neoliberal discourse often produces the impression that the world has undergone a wholesale shift toward laissez-faire and that this shift has produced economic prosperity. This article examines national economic data to discern the degree to which (1) governments have in fact retreated from the market and (2) countries have enjoyed increasing economic prosperity over a period in which they have supposedly been liberalizing. The evidence is mixed on both counts. Although international capital mobility and trade liberalism appears to have grown over the past two decades, there is little evidence of a broad scaling back of governments. Over the same period, countries have not experienced any appreciable improvement in growth, cross-national equality, employment, or national debt loads, although there is some evidence of improved price stability near the end of the 1990s

Co oxidation: effect of Ce and Au addition on MnOx catalysts

The effect of cerium and/or gold addition to a manganese oxide which was greatly active in CO oxidation was studied. The catalysts obtained by this way were characterized by N2 adsorption, XRF, XRD and TPR, and their catalytic activity was measured in the CO oxidation reaction. The pure MnOx catalyst was active in the CO oxidation but the addition of 5 wt % cerium decreased their catalytic activity. Adding 2 wt % gold improved the activity of MnOx and Ce/MnOx and caused a slight decrease of the catalyst specific area and of the average oxidation state of manganese in catalysts, which was found between 3.3 and 3.6. The order of activity found on the basis of T50 for the four catalysts was: Au/MnOx > Au/Ce/MnOx > MnOx > Ce/MnOx, with T50 of 89, 95, 99 and 139 °C, respectively. The solids Au/MnOx and Au/Ce/MnOx presented a T10 of 30 and 49 °C, indicating that gold favored the conversion at room temperature. The effect of water vapor on the reaction was also analyzed, finding a decrease in the catalytic activity of all catalysts, due to the blocking of active sites in the catalyst surface.Fil: Peluso, Miguel Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo En Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Enciso, W. Y.. Universidad de Sevilla. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Dominguez, M. I.. Universidad de Sevilla. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Ienia de Materiales de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Thomas, Horacio Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo En Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Centeno, M. A.. Universidad de Sevilla. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Sambeth, Jorge Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo En Ciencias Aplicadas; Argentin

Role of fibroblast growth factor-23 in calcinosis in women with systemic sclerosis

Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disorder of unknown etiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) serum levels in women with SSc compared with healthy controls and to examine a possible association between FGF-23 serum levels with the presence of calcinosis in SSc patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in San Cecilio Hospital, Granada (Spain) from November 2017 to May 2019. Sixty-two women with SSc and 62 age and sex matched healthy controls were included in this study. FGF-23 serum concentration was evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There was no significant difference in FGF-23 levels between SSc patients and healthy controls (78.2 ± 60.5 vs. 80.3 ± 56.3 pg/mL, p= 0.662). Regarding the characteristics of the disease, we found a relationship between the values of FGF-23 and the presence of calcinosis. The levels of FGF-23 are higher in patients suffering from calcinosis (p= 0.028). Conclusion: We observed the presence of higher levels of serum FGF-23 in SSc female patients with calcinosis. Therefore, FGF-23 could be a possible therapeutic target for future treatments

Co oxidation: effect of Ce and Au addition on MnOx catalysts

The effect of cerium and/or gold addition to a manganese oxide which was greatly active in CO oxidation was studied. The catalysts obtained by this way were characterized by N2 adsorption, XRF, XRD and TPR, and their catalytic activity was measured in the CO oxidation reaction. The pure MnOx catalyst was active in the CO oxidation but the addition of 5 wt % cerium decreased their catalytic activity. Adding 2 wt % gold improved the activity of MnOx and Ce/MnOx and caused a slight decrease of the catalyst specific area and of the average oxidation state of manganese in catalysts, which was found between 3.3 and 3.6. The order of activity found on the basis of T50 for the four catalysts was: Au/MnOx > Au/Ce/MnOx > MnOx > Ce/MnOx, with T50 of 89, 95, 99 and 139 °C, respectively. The solids Au/MnOx and Au/Ce/MnOx presented a T10 of 30 and 49 °C, indicating that gold favored the conversion at room temperature. The effect of water vapor on the reaction was also analyzed, finding a decrease in the catalytic activity of all catalysts, due to the blocking of active sites in the catalyst surface.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada

Mono and bimetallic Cu-Ni structured catalysts for the water gas shift reaction

The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction over structured Cu, Ni, and bimetallic Cu-Ni supported on active carbon (AC) catalysts was investigated. The structured catalysts were prepared in pellets form and applied in the medium range WGS reaction. A good activity in the 180-350 °C temperature range was registered being the bimetallic Cu-Ni:2-1/AC catalyst the best catalyst. The presence of Cu mitigates the methanation activity of Ni favoring the shift process. In addition the active carbon gasification reaction was not observed for the Cu-containing catalyst converting the active carbon in a very convenient support for the WGS reaction. The stability of the bimetallic Cu-Ni:2-1/AC catalyst under continuous operation conditions, as well as its tolerance towards start/stop cycles was also evaluated.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ENE2013-47880-C3-2-

Preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) over CuOx/CeO2 coated microchannel reactor

The general aspects of the synthesis and characterization results of a CuOx/CeO2 catalyst were presented. In addition the principal steps for manufacturing a microchannel reactor and for the coating of the CuOx/CeO2 catalyst onto the microchannels walls, were also summarized. The catalytic activity of this microchannel reactor during the preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) was evaluated employing a feed-stream that simulates a reformate off-gas after the WGS unit. Two activation atmospheres were studied (H2/N2 and O2/N 2). The reducing pretreatment improved the resistance to deactivation by formation of carbonaceous species over the catalyst surface at high temperatures. The presence of H2O and CO2 in the feed-stream was also analyzed indicating that the adsorption of CO2 inhibited the conversion of CO at lower temperatures because these compounds modified the active sites through the formation of carbonaceous species on the catalyst surface. Finally, the experimental results of the microreactor performance were compared with CFD simulations that were carried out using a kinetic for the CuOx/CeO2 powder catalyst. The experimental results were reasonably well described by the model, thus confirming its validity.Peer Reviewe