Incidence of Tetracycline and Erythromycin Resistance in Meat-Associated Bacteria: Impact of Different Livestock Management Strategies

The extensive use of antibiotics as growth promoters, or their continued abusive misuse to cure or prevent the onset of bacterial infections as occurs in the intensive farming, may have played a pivotal role in the spread of reservoirs of antibiotic resistance (AR) among food-associated bacteria including pathogens representing risks to human health. The present study compares the incidence of tetracycline and erythromycin resistances in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from fermented products manufacturing using meat from intensive animal husbandry (industrialized manufacturing Italian salami) and from extensive farms (artisanal sausages facilities pork and llama Argentinean sausages). A higher incidence of tetracycline resistance (TET-R) compared to erythromycin resistance (ERY-R) was observed among the 205 isolates. Unlike CNS strains, the LAB showed a significant correlation between the TET-R and the ERY-R phenotypes. Genotypic assessment shows a high correlation with tetK and tetM for the TET-R strains and with ermB and ermC for the ERY-R strains. Multiple correspondence analyses have highlighted the association between AR phenotypes and CNS species isolated from Italian salami, while the susceptible phenotypes were associated with the LAB species from Argentinean sausages. Since antibiotic resistance in meat-associated bacteria is a very complex phenomenon, the assessment of bacterial resistance in different environmental contexts with diverse farming practices and food production technologies will help in monitoring the factors influencing AR emergence and spread in animal production.EEA FamailláFil: Fontana, Cecilia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Cecilia Alejandra. Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche; ItaliaFil: Patrone, Vania. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. DISTAS; ItaliaFil: López, Constanza María. Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche; ItaliaFil: Morelli, Lorenzo. Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche; ItaliaFil: Morelli, Lorenzo. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. DISTAS; ItaliaFil: Rebecchi, Annalisa. Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche; ItaliaFil: Rebecchi, Annalisa. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. DISTAS; Itali

Orientación educativa y aportes a la construcción de territorialidades desde un enfoque extensionista

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre una experiencia de extensión en ejecución, tendiente al fortalecimiento de políticas públicas educativas (orientación educativa), que se desarrolla con 298 jóvenes que cursan los últimos años de dos escuelas secundarias provinciales de la ciudad de Santa Fe ubicadas en los distritos Suroeste y Noroeste. El eje teórico principal considera a la Orientación Educativa como derecho, como una práctica territorial situada en la que intervienen procesos subjetivos y colectivos. Para la reflexión se consideran las concepciones de la orientación educativa y las representaciones sociales de los adolescentes privilegiando las categorías: adolescencia, estudio, trabajo y vida. Para lo cual, se utiliza una metodología cualitativa primordialmente focalizada en talleres de participación voluntaria, cartografías simbólicas, focus group, entrevistas semi-dirigidas. Esta metodología posibilita relevar y dar cuenta que las representaciones sociales de los adolescentes está atravesada según el “territorio” donde habitan. Para abordar prácticas de extensión es primordial el concepto de TERRITORIO. Entendido éste como el espacio donde se sitúan las prácticas, donde toda relación social tiene ocurrencia y se expresa como territorialidad. Pensar al territorio como el ámbito de las prácticas y a las representaciones sociales como los medios a través de los cuales los sujetos intervienen a nivel material y simbólico desde el lugar que ocupan. Por ser esta experiencia en proceso de ejecución se arrojan algunas conclusiones parciales: resaltándose que la educación no es considerada por los atravesamientos históricos de los jóvenes como capital social y herramienta de movilidad social, demostrándose en un 21 % el interés en continuar estudios pero evidenciando preocupación por los recursos económicos marcándolo como un importante obstáculo; solo ven a futuro la necesidad de conseguir un trabajo (54 %) para resolver necesidades básicas de subsistencia. Y un 25 % se interroga sobre sus posibles proyecto de vida. El impacto a nivel institucional, es abordado con los docentes de las escuelas para aunar criterios y plantear la orientación educativa como parte del trabajo de todos los protagonistas. Este trabajo surge articulado con líneas institucionales universitarias y provinciales de intervención que priorizan el fortalecimiento de la formación continua a partir de acciones tendientes a garantizar el acceso y continuidad en el nivel superior desde una mirada integral. Esta experiencia muestra en territorio situado como se aporta desde una practica de extensión a procesos teórico-pedagógicos desde una visión de la realidad a partir de las voces de los propios agentes sociales

Evaluation of agronomic performance of grafted tomato plants in greenhouse cultivation

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento, rendimiento y comportamiento fenológico de plantas de tomate injertadas cultivadas bajo cubierta. Se condujeron tres ensayos en un invernadero parabólico ubicado en La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (34°58’ S; 57°54’ W). Los tratamientos fueron plantas del híbrido Elpida (Enza Zaden®) injertadas sobre pie Efialto (Enza Zaden®) y Elpida sin injertar, usado como testigo. Las plantas testigo se condujeron a una rama (2 plantas.m-2) y las injertadas a dos ramas (1 planta.m-2). Se registró la altura de planta, el rendimiento total y por categorías comerciales y la fecha de floración y fructificación por racimo, calculando la cantidad de días transcurridos entre transplante y cada una de las fases. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos aleatorizados con 4 repeticiones. La cantidad de días entre fases se evaluó con la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal Wallis (p ≤ 0,05). Los datos de rendimiento y altura de planta se sometieron a análisis de la varianza (p ≤ 0,05). Las plantas injertadas presentaron un incremento estadísticamente significativo en la cantidad de días requeridos para alcanzar la floración y fructificación del primer, tercer y quinto racimo solo en el primer ensayo. La altura, el rendimiento total y por categorías comerciales no presentaron diferencias entre tratamientos. El injerto del cv. Elpida sobre el pie Efialto produjo plantas más vigorosas que pueden conducirse a dos tallos reduciendo la cantidad de plantas necesarias y manteniendo niveles de producción equivalentes al híbrido sin injertar.This study aimed to evaluate plant height, total and commercial category yields and date of flowering and fruiting of each truss, computing the number of days elapsed from transplanting and each phase of grafted plants growing under greenhouse conditions. Three trials were carried out in a parabolic greenhouse in La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (34°58’ S; 57°54’ W). Treatments were hybrid tomato plants cv. Elpida (Enza Zaden®) grafted on Efialto (Enza Zaden®) and ungrafted Elpida as control. Ungrafted plants were conducted to one branch (2 plants.m-2) and grafted plants were conducted to 2 branches (1 plant. m-2). Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. The number of days between phases was evaluated by nonparametric Kruskal Wallis (p ≤ 0,05). Yield data and plant height were submitted to variance analysis (p ≤ 0,05). Grafted plants showed a statistically significant increase in the number of days required to reach the flowering and fruiting of the first, third and fifth cluster only in the first trial. Treatments did not differ in either the height or total yield and commercial categories. Grafting cv. Elpida on Efialto resulted in more vigorous plants that can be conducted to two stems reducing the number of plants needed for growing, maintaining production levels equivalents to the ungrafted hybrid led to a stem.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

The impact of preservation fluid culture on graft site arteritis: a systematic review and metanalysis

The role of culturing the graft preservation fluid (PF) is controversial and its impact on graft arteritis development remains unclear

The Role of Obesity in Early and Long-Term Outcomes after Surgical Excision of Lung Oligometastases from Colorectal Cancer

Obesity correlates with better outcomes in many neoplastic conditions. The aim of this study was to assess its role in the prognosis and morbidity of patients submitted to resection of lung oligometastases from colorectal cancer. Seventy-six patients undergoing a first pulmonary metastasectomy were retrospectively included in the study. Seventeen (22.3%) were obese (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m(2)). Assessed outcomes were overall survival, time to recurrence, and incidence of post-operative complications. Median follow-up was 33 months (IQR 16-53). At follow-up, 37 patients (48.6%) died, whereas 39 (51.4%) were alive. A significant difference was found in the 3-year overall survival (obese 80% vs. non-obese 56.8%, p = 0.035). Competing risk analysis shows that the cumulative incidence of recurrence was not different between the two groups. Multivariate analysis reveals that the number of metastases (p = 0.028), post-operative pneumonia (p = 0.042), and DFS (p = 0.007) were significant predictors of death. Competing risk regression shows that no independent risk factor for recurrence has been identified. The complication rate was not different between the two groups (17.6% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.70). Obesity is a positive prognostic factor for survival after pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer. Overweight patients do not experience more post-operative complications. Our results need to be confirmed by large multicenter studies

Lymphadenectomy during pulmonary metastasectomy: Impact on survival and recurrence

Background and Objectives: Lymphadenectomy during pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is widely carried out. We assessed the potential benefit on patient survival and tumor recurrence of this practice. Methods: One hundred eighty‐one patients undergoing a first PM were studied. Eighty‐six patients (47.5%) underwent lymphadenectomy (L+ group) whereas 95 (52.5%) did not undergo nodal harvesting (L−group). Main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Median follow‐up was 25 months (interquartile range [IQR], 13‐49). Results: At follow‐up 84 patients (46.4%) died, whereas 97 (53.6%) were still alive with recurrence in 78 patients (43%). There was no difference in 5‐year survival (L+ 30.0% vs L− 43.2%; P = .87) or in the 5‐year cumulative incidence of recurrence (L + 63.2% vs L−80%; P = .07) between the two groups. Multivariable analysis indicated that disease‐free interval (DFI) less than 29 months (P P = .003) were significant predictors of death. Metastases from non‐small–cell lung cancer increased the risk of lung comorbidities by a factor of 19.8, whereas the risk of DFI less than 29 months was increased nearly 11‐fold. Competing risk regression identified multiple metastases (P = .004), head/neck primary tumor (P = .009), and age less than 67 years (P = .024) as independent risk factors for recurrence. Conclusion: Associated lymphadenectomy showed not to give any additional advantage in terms of survival and recurrence after PM

Amyloid peptides ABri and ADan show differential neurotoxicity in transgenic Drosophila models of familial British and Danish dementia

BACKGROUND: Familial British and Familial Danish dementias (FBD and FDD, respectively) are associated with mutations in the BRI2 gene. Processing of the mutated BRI2 protein leads to the accumulation in the brain of the 34-mer amyloid Bri (ABri) and amyloid Dan (ADan) peptides, accompanied by neurofibrillary tangles. Recently, transgenic mice successfully reproduced different aspects of FDD, while modeling of FBD in vivo has been more difficult. In this work we have modeled FBD and FDD in Drosophila and tested the hypothesis that ABri and ADan are differentially neurotoxic. RESULTS: By using site-directed insertion, we generated transgenic lines carrying ABri, ADan, Bri2-23 (the normal product of wild-type BRI2 processing) and amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 as a well-characterized neurotoxic peptide, alone or with a His-tag. Therefore, we avoided random insertion effects and were able to compare levels of accumulation accurately. Peptides were expressed with the GAL4-Upstream Activating Sequence (UAS) system using specific drivers. Despite low levels of expression, toxicity in the eye was characterized by mild disorganization of ommatidia and amyloid peptides accumulation. The highest toxicity was seen for ADan, followed by Aβ42 and ABri. Pan-neuronal expression in the CNS revealed an age-dependent toxicity of amyloid peptides as determined by the ability of flies to climb in a geotaxis paradigm when compared to Bri2-23. This effect was stronger for ADan, detected at 7 days post-eclosion, and followed by ABri and Aβ42, whose toxicity became evident after 15 and 21 days, respectively. Histological analysis showed mild vacuolization and thioflavine-S-negative deposits of amyloid peptides. In contrast, the over-expression of amyloid peptides in the specific subset of lateral neurons that control circadian locomotor activity showed no toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the differential neurotoxicity of ADan and ABri in the Drosophila eye and CNS at low expression levels. Such differences may be partially attributed to rates of aggregation and accumulation. In the CNS, both peptides appear to be more neurotoxic than wild-type Aβ42. These Drosophila models will allow a systematic and unambiguous comparison of differences and similarities in the mechanisms of toxicity of diverse amyloid peptides associated with dementia.Fil: Marcora, Maria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Gamba, Agata Claudia. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Avendaño, Luz A. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Rotondaro, Cecilia. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Podhajcer, Osvaldo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Vidal, Rubén. Indiana University School of Medicine. Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Morelli, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Ceriani, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Castaño, Eduardo Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fundación Instituto Leloir; Argentin

Body Representations in Children with Cerebral Palsy

We constantly process top-down and bottom-up inputs concerning our own body that interact to form body representations (BR). Even if some evidence showed BR deficits in children with cerebral palsy, a systematic study that evaluates different kinds of BR in these children, taking into account the possible presence of a general deficit affecting non-body mental representations, is currently lacking. Here we aimed at investigating BR (i.e., Body Semantics, Body Structural Representation and Body Schema) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) taking into account performance in tasks involving body stimuli and performance in tasks involving non-body stimuli. Thirty-three CP (age range: 5–12 years) were compared with a group of 103 typically-developing children (TDC), matched for age and sex. 63.64% of children with CP showed a very poor performance in body representation processing. Present data also show alterations in different body representations in CP in specific developmental stages. In particular, CP and TDC performances did not differ between 5 to 7 years old, whereas CP between 8 and 12 years old showed deficits in the Body Structural Representation and Body Schema but not in Body Semantics. These findings revealed the importance of taking into account the overall development of cognitive domains when investigating specific stimuli processing in children who do not present a typical development and were discussed in terms of their clinical implications