31 research outputs found

    Short-term accumulation and elimination of carbon-14 in the common carp Cyprinus carpio under laboratory conditions

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    International audienceThis study examined the short term transfer of carbon-14 (14C) in the common carp Cyprinus carpio under laboratory conditions. Various experiments were achieved in order to investigate direct or trophic transfer for 4 days, using waterborne 14C-labelled arginine or 14C-labelled food pellets respectively. Radiolabelled food was prepared with 14C-labelled arginine or glucose in order to test how transfer kinetics might vary with the biochemical form of 14C. Elimination experiments were achieved using fish fed for 5 days on radiolabelled food and then placed under starvation for 4 days. In all experiments, water, food and fish activities were monitored every day. Different fish fractions (whole body, muscle) were sampled in order to elucidate the role of muscle as a potential storage. Results suggested that direct water-to-fish absorption rate was 20% d-1 per fish. Carps incorporated 14.3% of the absorbed 14C. Fish activity did not increase over days, due to a strong decrease in 14C concentration in the water (resulting from aquarium sorption). During trophic transfer experiments, food was entirely ingested and 14C sources rapidly assimilated. For either arginine or glucose, results suggested that 19-20% of ingested 14C was incorporated, yielding a significant increase in fish activity over days. No difference in mass-specific activity was observed among muscle and whole body. Total activity in the muscle represented 29%-32% of whole body activity, this proportion reflecting the contribution of muscle to whole body weight. During elimination experiments, results showed a significant decrease in whole body total activity and mass-specific activity with arginine. The decrease was not significant with glucose due to a great variability among fish. Results suggested that an essential amino-acid like arginine can be used as an energy source under starvation and that muscles can act as a storage for essential amino-acids

    Multigenerational exposure to gamma radiation affects offspring differently over generations in Zebrafish

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    International audienceMutigenerational studies have become of great interest in ecotoxicology and previously provided original results on the effects of offspring irradiation in model fish Danio rerio. Here, the irradiation of zebrafish was maintained until F2 larval stage. Two dose rates were selected; the first one (0.05 mGy h-1) was close to the threshold value for the protection of aquatic ecosystems, the second one (5 mGy h-1) previously studied and known to increase morbidity (DCRL). F1 from 30d-irradiated parents were irradiated themselves (irradiated condition) or not (Recovery condition) for 131 days before reproduction. Endpoints concerned reproductive capacity (reproductive success, fecundity, egg fertilization) and larval survival in F0, F1 and F2. Multigenerational irradiation affected F1 parental reproductive capacity mainly over the first reproduction and larval survival rate. Unexpected effects on sex ratio was observed in exposed and non-exposed F1 progeny after parental irradiation (mainly at 5 mGy h-1). The worsening effects over the two generations observed here could partly explain the higher sensitivity of wild populations. Thus, this study confirm that multigenerational studies could be of interest on ecological risk assessment, in particular to determine the benchmark values

    Effects of gamma ionizing radiation exposure on Danio rerio embryo-larval stages - comparison with tritium exposure

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    International audienceThe objective was to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation induced in zebrafish early life stages by coupling responses obtained at the molecular (genotoxicity, ROS production, gene expression) and phenotypic (tissue alteration, embryo-larval development) levels. Here we present results obtained after exposure of 3 hpf larvae to 10 days of gamma irradiation at 3.3x101, 1.3x102 and 1.2x103 ”Gy/h. Dose rates used in these studies were chosen to be in the ‘derived consideration reference level’ (DCRL) for gamma irradiation where deleterious effects can appear in freshwater fish. Also, these dose rates were similar to the ones already tested on tritium (beta ionizing radiation) in our previous work, in order to compare both types of ionizing radiation. Results showed that gamma irradiation did not induce any effect on survival and hatching. No effect was observed on DNA damages, but ROS production was increased. Muscle damages were observed for all tested dose rates, similarly to previous results obtained with tritium (beta ionizing radiation) at similar dose rates. Some molecular responses therefore appeared to be relevant for the study of gamma ionizing radiation effects in zebrafish

    Effects of depleted uranium on the reproductive success and F1 generation survival of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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    Despite the well-characterized occurrence of uranium (U) in the aquatic environment, very little is known about the chronic exposure of fish to low levels of U and its potential effect on reproduction. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of environmental concentrations of depleted U on the reproductive output of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and on survival and development of the F1 embryo-larvae following parental exposure to U. For that purpose, sexually mature male and female zebrafish were exposed to 20 and 250 ”g/L of U for 14 days and allowed to reproduce in clean water during a further 14-day period. At all sampling times, whole-body vitellogenin concentrations and gonad histology were analyzed to investigate the effects of U exposure on these reproductive endpoints. In addition, accumulation of U in the gonads and its genotoxic effect on male and female gonad cells were quantified. The results showed that U strongly affected the capability of fish to reproduce and to generate viable individuals as evidenced by the inhibition of egg production and the increased rate of mortality of the F1 embryos. Interestingly, U exposure resulted in decreased circulating concentrations of vitellogenin in females. Increased concentrations of U were observed in gonads and eggs, which were most likely responsible for the genotoxic effects seen in fish gonads and in embryos exposed maternally to U. Altogether, these findings highlight the negative effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of U which alter the reproductive capability of fish and impair the genetic integrity of F1 embryos raising further concern regarding its effect at the population level

    Tritiated Water Exposure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects on the Early‐Life Stages

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    International audienceTritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen of natural and anthropogenic origin, is ubiquitously present in theenvironment. Effluents of nuclear centers of production are significant anthropogenic sources. With the upcoming project of thermonuclear fusion, tritium releases in the environment may increase. It is therefore important to characterize the ecologicalrisk linked to tritium. The effects of tritiated water (HTO) were therefore studied in zebrafish larvae exposed for 10 d todifferent dose rates, 1.1 × 102, 4.1 × 102, and 3.8 × 103 ÎŒGy/h for larvae corresponding, respectively, to a water contaminationof 104, 105, and 106 Bq/mL of HTO. Those dose rates were higher than 10 ÎŒGy/h, which is the threshold recommended tostart monitoring ecosystems where radiological contaminants are present. Mortality, embryo‐larval development, immune toxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and alterations of tissues were investigated. The results showed that HTO exposure induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species production and modulated the expression of genes involved in detoxificationprocesses. Moreover, modifications of the muscular tissues (degradation of myofibrils at 4 d post fertilization anddisorganization of mitochondria at later stages) were observed. The results differed with HTO dose rates and with developmentalstages. These results will drive future research for the development of new HTO‐sensitive biomarkers and willallow us to progress in the characterization of the modes of action of tritium in fish

    Effets du tritium in vivo et in situ sur la santé des poissons : approche multi biomarqueurs et liens entre les échelles biologiques

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    International audienceLe contexte des effets biologiques de l’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants est une prĂ©occupation majeure pour la radioprotection de l’homme et de l’environnement. Ceci a rĂ©cemment Ă©tĂ© mis en exergue aprĂšs l’accident de Fukushima, notamment dans le contexte de la quantification du risque pour la santĂ© des individus et populations exposĂ©es aux faibles doses. Augmenter la connaissance des effets des faibles doses sur les espĂšces humaines et non-humaines permettrait de gagner en prĂ©cision pour la prĂ©diction des effets et la prise de dĂ©cision.L’industrie nuclĂ©aire rejette dans l’environnement diffĂ©rents types de radionuclĂ©ides, principalement des Ă©metteurs gamma (137Cs, 60Co, 54Mn), mais aussi du tritium, le plus important en termes de production (200g correspondant Ă  7,2.106 Bq/an dans le monde). Le tritium est un isotope radioactif de l’hydrogĂšne qui Ă©met des rayonnements beta. Sa demi-vie est de 12,3 ans. Les rejets de tritium sont supposĂ©s augmenter dans le futur avec le dĂ©veloppement de rĂ©acteurs basĂ©s sur la fusion nuclĂ©aire (ITER). Les Ă©cosystĂšmes aquatiques, habitĂ©s pas de nombreuses espĂšces animales et vĂ©gĂ©tales, reprĂ©sentent gĂ©nĂ©ralement le rĂ©cepteur final d’un grand nombre de polluants, incluant des radionuclĂ©ides dont le tritium. L’exposition Ă  des niveaux Ă©levĂ©s de radionculĂ©ides est connue pour induire de nombreuses altĂ©rations sur diffĂ©rentes fonctions de l’organisme, de la molĂ©cule (intĂ©gritĂ© de l’ADN) Ă  la population (effets sur la survie et la reproduction). Cependant, les effets de faibles niveaux d’exposition, plus pertinents d’un point de vue environnemental, sont peu connus.Cette prĂ©sentation rĂ©sume les diffĂ©rents travaux menĂ©s depuis plusieurs annĂ©es Ă  l’IRSN sur le tritium, sur diffĂ©rents modĂšles biologiques : le poisson zĂšbre, Danio rerio, espĂšce modĂšle facile Ă  maintenir en laboratoire, afin de comprendre les mĂ©canismes d’action du tritium dans le cadre d’expositions contrĂŽlĂ©es ; et le tĂȘte de boule, Pimephales promelas, espĂšce autochtone du continent Nord-AmĂ©ricain, afin d’étudier les effets du tritium seul ou un mĂ©lange dans un contexte rĂ©el de contamination aux effluents d’un centre de recherche. L’évaluation des effets du tritium a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par l’analyse d’une batterie de biomarqueurs Ă  diffĂ©rentes Ă©chelles biologiques, de la molĂ©cule Ă  l’individu. L’analyse de l’ensemble des rĂ©sultats permettra de mieux comprendre les effets du tritium, seul ou en mĂ©lange, sur la physiologie du poisson

    Effets du tritium in vivo et in situ sur la santé des poissons : approche multi biomarqueurs et liens entre les échelles biologiques

    No full text
    International audienceLe contexte des effets biologiques de l’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants est une prĂ©occupation majeure pour la radioprotection de l’homme et de l’environnement. Ceci a rĂ©cemment Ă©tĂ© mis en exergue aprĂšs l’accident de Fukushima, notamment dans le contexte de la quantification du risque pour la santĂ© des individus et populations exposĂ©es aux faibles doses. Augmenter la connaissance des effets des faibles doses sur les espĂšces humaines et non-humaines permettrait de gagner en prĂ©cision pour la prĂ©diction des effets et la prise de dĂ©cision.L’industrie nuclĂ©aire rejette dans l’environnement diffĂ©rents types de radionuclĂ©ides, principalement des Ă©metteurs gamma (137Cs, 60Co, 54Mn), mais aussi du tritium, le plus important en termes de production (200g correspondant Ă  7,2.106 Bq/an dans le monde). Le tritium est un isotope radioactif de l’hydrogĂšne qui Ă©met des rayonnements beta. Sa demi-vie est de 12,3 ans. Les rejets de tritium sont supposĂ©s augmenter dans le futur avec le dĂ©veloppement de rĂ©acteurs basĂ©s sur la fusion nuclĂ©aire (ITER). Les Ă©cosystĂšmes aquatiques, habitĂ©s pas de nombreuses espĂšces animales et vĂ©gĂ©tales, reprĂ©sentent gĂ©nĂ©ralement le rĂ©cepteur final d’un grand nombre de polluants, incluant des radionuclĂ©ides dont le tritium. L’exposition Ă  des niveaux Ă©levĂ©s de radionculĂ©ides est connue pour induire de nombreuses altĂ©rations sur diffĂ©rentes fonctions de l’organisme, de la molĂ©cule (intĂ©gritĂ© de l’ADN) Ă  la population (effets sur la survie et la reproduction). Cependant, les effets de faibles niveaux d’exposition, plus pertinents d’un point de vue environnemental, sont peu connus.Cette prĂ©sentation rĂ©sume les diffĂ©rents travaux menĂ©s depuis plusieurs annĂ©es Ă  l’IRSN sur le tritium, sur diffĂ©rents modĂšles biologiques : le poisson zĂšbre, Danio rerio, espĂšce modĂšle facile Ă  maintenir en laboratoire, afin de comprendre les mĂ©canismes d’action du tritium dans le cadre d’expositions contrĂŽlĂ©es ; et le tĂȘte de boule, Pimephales promelas, espĂšce autochtone du continent Nord-AmĂ©ricain, afin d’étudier les effets du tritium seul ou un mĂ©lange dans un contexte rĂ©el de contamination aux effluents d’un centre de recherche. L’évaluation des effets du tritium a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par l’analyse d’une batterie de biomarqueurs Ă  diffĂ©rentes Ă©chelles biologiques, de la molĂ©cule Ă  l’individu. L’analyse de l’ensemble des rĂ©sultats permettra de mieux comprendre les effets du tritium, seul ou en mĂ©lange, sur la physiologie du poisson
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