SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and the Skin

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Skin reactions; VacinesCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Reacciones cutáneas; VacunasCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Reaccions cutànies; VacunesVaccines against the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, which are the first to be used in humans against any coronavirus, were developed and produced in record time. Dermatologic adverse effects appeared during clinical trials and have also been described in the population since approval. Just as descriptions and categorization of skin manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 proved important for understanding the disease itself, characterizing the effects of vaccines may also further that goal. This paper reviews the properties of the different types of vaccines currently available and under development and describes how they interact with the immune system and the clinical signs they may cause. We focus on dermatologic adverse effects reported to date and recommendations for managing them

1986-87. Primer curs escolar amb Llei de Normalització Lingüística

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Caveolin-1 Modulates Mechanotransduction Responses to Substrate Stiffness through Actin-Dependent Control of YAP

The transcriptional regulator YAP orchestrates many cellular functions, including tissue homeostasis, organ growth control, and tumorigenesis. Mechanical stimuli are a key input to YAP activity, but the mechanisms controlling this regulation remain largely uncharacterized. We show that CAV1 positively modulates the YAP mechanoresponse to substrate stiffness through actin-cytoskeleton-dependent and Hippo-kinase-independent mechanisms. RHO activity is necessary, but not sufficient, for CAV1-dependent mechanoregulation of YAP activity. Systematic quantitative interactomic studies and image-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens provide evidence that this actin-dependent regulation is determined by YAP interaction with the 14-3-3 protein YWHAH. Constitutive YAP activation rescued phenotypes associated with CAV1 loss, including defective extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. CAV1-mediated control of YAP activity was validated in vivo in a model of pancreatitis-driven acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. We propose that this CAV1-YAP mechanotransduction system controls a significant share of cell programs linked to these two pivotal regulators, with potentially broad physiological and pathological implications. Moreno-Vicente et al. report that CAV1, a key component of PM mechanosensing caveolae, mediates adaptation to ECM rigidity by modulating YAP activity through the control of actin dynamics and phosphorylation-dependent interaction of YAP with the 14-3-3-domain protein YWHAH. Cav1-dependent YAP regulation drives two pathophysiological processes: ECM remodeling and pancreatic ADM. © 2018 The Author

The challenges of adult literacy. Peruvian teachers' beliefs and methodological proposals

[EN] We address the challenges of adult literacy in an American context from a European perspective. We focus on the context of adult education in Peru, a country with a great cultural and linguistic diversity, based on the interaction produced with a hundred Peruvian teachers linked to the CEBA (Basic Alternative Education) centers. The school context of young people and adults in situations of illiteracy ascribed to the Program for Literacy and Basic Education of Young People and Adults (PAEBA) presents situations of extreme poverty and inequality, which require specific actions and methodologies. From the experience of adult literacy centers and the sociolinguistic reality of teaching in the own language experienced in the Valencian Community, we approach the concepts of literacy in the Spanish language, competences and methodologies based on the use of oral language and writing, the identity value of oral tradition, etc. We consider some essential aspects: the preparation of teachers in the knowledge of languages, attention to cultural diversity, the development of motivating teaching practices and the creation of literacy environments.[ES] Abordamos los retos de la alfabetización de personas adultas en un contexto americano desde una mirada europea. Nos centramos en el contexto de la educación de adultos en Perú, un país con una gran diversidad cultural y lingüística, a partir de la interacción producida con un centenar de docentes peruanos vinculados a los centros CEBA (Educación Básica Alternativa). El contexto escolar de los jóvenes y adultos en situación de analfabetismo adscritos al Programa de Alfabetización y Educación Básica de Jóvenes y Adultos (PAEBA) presenta situaciones de extrema pobreza y desigualdad, que precisan de acciones y metodologías específicas. Desde la experiencia de los centros de alfabetización de adultos y de la realidad sociolingüística de la enseñanza en la lengua propia experimentada en la Comunidad Valenciana, abordamos los conceptos de alfabetización en la lengua propia, las competencias y metodologías basadas en el uso de la lengua oral y escrita, el valor identitario de la tradición oral, etc. Consideramos algunos aspectos esenciales: la preparación de los docentes en el conocimiento de las lenguas, la atención a la diversidad cultural, el desarrollo de prácticas docentes motivadoras y la creación de ambientes alfabetizadores.Bataller Català, A.; Ballester Roca, J. (2019). Los retos de la alfabetización de las personas adultas. Creencias de docentes peruanos y propuestas metodológicas. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 17(1):153-165. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2019.9758SWORD15316517

PCV51 POSSIBILITIES OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AMONG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF AN EDUCATIVE INTERVENTION THROUGH SHORT MESSAGES TO THE PATIENT'S CELLULAR PHONE

The patterns of innovation diffusion are well approximated by the logistic curves. This is the robust empirical fact confirmed by many studies in innovations dynamics. Here, we show that the logistic pattern of innovation diffusion can be replicated by the time-dependent stochastic process with positive feedbacks along the diffusion trajectory. The dynamic increasing returns process is modelled by Polya Urns. So far, Urn models have been mostly used to study the [path-dependent] limit properties. On the contrary, this work focuses on the transient [finite time] properties studying the conditions under which urn models capture the logistic trajectories which often track empirical diffusion process. As examples, we calibrate the process to match several cases of diffusion of motor ships in European countries

Observational methods for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness research:an empirical evaluation and target trial emulation

Background:There are scarce data on best practices to control for confounding in observational studies assessing vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19. We compared the performance of three well-established methods [overlap weighting, inverse probability treatment weighting and propensity score (PS) matching] to minimize confounding when comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated people. Subsequently, we conducted a target trial emulation to study the ability of these methods to replicate COVID-19 vaccine trials.Methods:We included all individuals aged ≥75 from primary care records from the UK [Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) AURUM], who were not infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 as of 4 January 2021. Vaccination status was then defined based on first COVID-19 vaccine dose exposure between 4 January 2021 and 28 January 2021. Lasso regression was used to calculate PS. Location, age, prior observation time, regional vaccination rates, testing effort and COVID-19 incidence rates at index date were forced into the PS. Following PS weighting and matching, the three methods were compared for remaining covariate imbalance and residual confounding. Last, a target trial emulation comparing COVID-19 at 3 and 12 weeks after first vaccine dose vs unvaccinated was conducted.Results:Vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts comprised 583 813 and 332 315 individuals for weighting, respectively, and 459 000 individuals in the matched cohorts. Overlap weighting performed best in terms of minimizing confounding and systematic error. Overlap weighting successfully replicated estimates from clinical trials for vaccine effectiveness for ChAdOx1 (57%) and BNT162b2 (75%) at 12 weeks.Conclusion:Overlap weighting performed best in our setting. Our results based on overlap weighting replicate previous pivotal trials for the two first COVID-19 vaccines approved in Europe

Cas 39: Nova estratègia de treball col·laboratiu

El cas en xarxa “Nova estratègia de treball col·laboratiu”, forma part del Repositori col·laboratiu de casos reals en l’àmbit educatiu (http://www.ub.edu/casosenxarxa/inici), i ha estat elaborat en el marc del projecte de recerca i d’innovació educativa Casos en xarxa per a la formació: estudi empíric, creació d'un dipòsit digital i identificació de bones pràctiques en el seu ús (REDICE 14-1478).Es descriu una experiència de treball col·laboratiu en el grau de Ciències Polítiques i de l’Administració de la Universitat de Barcelona. A banda de procurar el desenvolupament de la competència transversal de treball en equip i la seva avaluació, s’han reformulat les activitats adreçades als estudiants per tal de millorar la seva motivació, la seva implicació en el procés formatiu i els resultats d'aprenentatge

Preliminary morphologic and molecular study of teh Entoloma rusticoides group (Agaricales - Basidiomycota)

Es presenta un estudi sobre el grup rusticoides del gènere Entoloma subgènere Claudopus a la Península Ibérica. L'anàlisi filogenètica, sobre la base de 48 seqüències d'ITS i 45 seqüències de LSU, entre les quals, les dels tipus de 8 dels tàxons analitzats, mostra una marcada diversitat genètica que concorda amb la notable variabilitat observada en aquest grup. D'acord amb aquest fet, es descriuen els següents nous tàxons: E. almeriense, E. graphitipes f. cystidiatum, E. halophilum, E. muscoalpinum i E. phaeocarpum. A més, es tipifiquen E. phaeocyathus i E. rusticoides. S'inclouen claus provisionals d'identificació. S'aporten descripcions macro i microscòpiques, dibuixos i fotografies de la majoria dels tàxons estudiats.A study of the Entoloma rusticoides-group (subgenus Claudopus) in the Iberian peninsula is presented. Phylogenetic inference, based on 48 nrITS and 45 28S nrLSU sequences, including those of 8 type specimens, revealed a high genetic diversity, in accordance with the observed morphological variability in this group. In addition new taxa are proposed to accomodate independent lineages (E. almeriense, E. graphitipes f. cystidiatum, E. halophilum, E. muscoalpinum and E. phaeocarpum) and the typification of E. phaeocyathus and E. rusticoides is proposed. Preliminary taxonomic keys are included to help identification. For most species macro and microscopic descriptions, drawings and photographs are presented

High-throughput amplicon sequencing-based analysis of active fungal communities inhabiting grapevine after hot-water treatments reveals unexpectedly high fungal diversity

[EN] The ecology of total fungal communities in grapevine is so far largely derived from studies on culture-dependent methods or cultivation-independent rDNA approaches. Sequencing the ribosomal RNA transcripts (rRNA) would rather reveal the functionally and metabolically active important taxa of the fungal community and provide insights into its activity in the wood. The present study investigated changes in the potentially active fungal communities of internal grapevine wood after Hot-Water Treatment (HWT) in planting material from Czech Republic and Spain at two different times during the propagation process and from two plant zones. We examined fungal communities using both traditional isolation into culture and high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS) of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region in extracted total RNA. HTAS from metatranscriptomic RNA increased the resolution of the fungal community analysis and revealed a highly diverse mycobiota of grapevine wood compared to the traditional method. Fungal diversity differed between grapevine genotypes and showed a temporal variation over the vegetative period. Grapevine planting materials exhibited high fungal diversity after HWT, which demonstrates that the HWT process does not sterilize the internal wood of grapevine. HWT reduced the infection caused by fungal trunk disease pathogens but was not completely effective in eliminating their growth. This study provides important and practically useful insights into the dynamics of active fungal communities in hot-water treated plants, and represents the first study of active fungal communities on grapevine grafted plants by comparing traditional and next-generation sequencing methods. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.This work was supported by Projects No. LD14051 from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic covered by COST Action FA1303, and No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314 "Multidisciplinary research to increase application potential of nanomaterials in agricultural practice" from EFRR (Grant provider: Ministerstvo Skolstvi, mladeze a telovychovy Ceske republiky (MSMT). Access to computing and storage facilities owned by parties and projects contributing to the National Grid Infrastructure MetaCentrum provided under the programme "Projects of Large Research, Development, and Innovations Infrastructures" (CESNET LM2015042), is greatly appreciated. David Gramaje was supported by the DOC-INIA program from the National Institute for Agronomic Research (INIA), co-funded by the European Social Fund. The authors are grateful for the technical assistance of Jesus Alfonso Crespo and Aitor Gavara Vidal.Eichmeier, A.; Pecenka, J.; Penazova, E.; Baranek, M.; Català, S.; León Santana, M.; Armengol Fortí, J.... (2018). High-throughput amplicon sequencing-based analysis of active fungal communities inhabiting grapevine after hot-water treatments reveals unexpectedly high fungal diversity. Fungal Ecology. 36:26-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2018.07.011S26383

Preliminary morphologic and molecular study of teh Entoloma rusticoides group (Agaricales - Basidiomycota)

Es presenta un estudi sobre el grup rusticoides del gènere Entoloma subgènere Claudopus a la Península Ibérica. L'anàlisi filogenètica, sobre la base de 48 seqüències d'ITS i 45 seqüències de LSU, entre les quals, les dels tipus de 8 dels tàxons analitzats, mostra una marcada diversitat genètica que concorda amb la notable variabilitat observada en aquest grup. D'acord amb aquest fet, es descriuen els següents nous tàxons: E. almeriense, E. graphitipes f. cystidiatum, E. halophilum, E. muscoalpinum i E. phaeocarpum. A més, es tipifiquen E. phaeocyathus i E. rusticoides. S'inclouen claus provisionals d'identificació. S'aporten descripcions macro i microscòpiques, dibuixos i fotografies de la majoria dels tàxons estudiats.A study of the Entoloma rusticoides-group (subgenus Claudopus) in the Iberian peninsula is presented. Phylogenetic inference, based on 48 nrITS and 45 28S nrLSU sequences, including those of 8 type specimens, revealed a high genetic diversity, in accordance with the observed morphological variability in this group. In addition new taxa are proposed to accomodate independent lineages (E. almeriense, E. graphitipes f. cystidiatum, E. halophilum, E. muscoalpinum and E. phaeocarpum) and the typification of E. phaeocyathus and E. rusticoides is proposed. Preliminary taxonomic keys are included to help identification. For most species macro and microscopic descriptions, drawings and photographs are presented