Organizational causes of accidents in manufacturing sector.

: Occupational safety is an important issue. Industrial engineering and management plays an important role in a socio-technical view of accident causation. This paper analyzes 418 official investigation reports of non-slight accidents in the Andalusian manufacturing sector from 2004 to 2008. Investigation reports include 1,311 causes identified and coded, of which 669 causes are directly related to safety management and work organization. This paper shows how different scenarios are related to specific causes of accidents and the association between organizational and management causes and the mechanism of the accidents and their immediate causes. In order to prevent, both severe and fatal accidents, managers and safety experts should take into account these results in order to include the most frequent causes as inputs for safety assessments

Framework for the use of official occupational accident investigations as a learning tool: analysis of a public programme for accident investigation in the manufacturing sector

Accident investigation is a useful tool for safety science. The use of accident investigation as a learning tool at the macro level necessitates specific requirements quite different from the usual needs at the company level. A proper codification system and information on the accident scenarios are needed to let safety practitioners identify if the information is useful for the organisations they are assessing. In the same way epidemiological tools have been applied to the analysis of circumstances of accidents, the epidemiological statistical tools can help to draw conclusions for a set of investigated accidents. Our case study includes the description of the dataset used in a programme for learning from accidents in Andalusia: ‘Pudo haberse evitado’ (this can be translated as ‘This could have been prevented’). This paper covers the requisites for a macro-level learning programme and the possibilities of analysis of the dataset in a ‘research to practice approach’

Cumplimiento del protocolo para el manejo de la Preeclampsia grave en mujeres atendidas en el servicio de Emergencia de Gineco Obstetricia del hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, Managua en el II semestre del año 2013

El presente trabajo se realizó para verificar el cumplimiento del protocolo para el manejo de Preeclampsia grave en mujeres atendidas en el servicio de emergencia de ginecoobstetricia del hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, Managua en el II semestre del año 2013. Con tal propósito se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; se procedió a la revisión de expedientes clínicos y se evaluó el cumplimiento del protocolo publicado en abril, 2013 a través del llenado de una ficha modificada basada en la ficha oficial del MINSA, la cual fue revisada y validada por las autoridades correspondientes. Se procedió a la revisión de 263 expedientes obteniendo una muestra de 156 expedientes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia grave. Los principales hallazgos fueron: la mayoría de las pacientes estaban entre el rango de edad de 20 a 34 años (61.5%), del total de pacientes un 59% eran primigesta. Con relación al método diagnostico se obtuvo que un 46.8% fue diagnosticada con preeclampsia grave que correlaciona los dos criterios diagnósticos importantes para esta patología que son la Identificación de Presión diastólica ≥ 110 mmHg en 2 ocasiones con intervalo de 4 horas después de 20 Semanas de Gestación e Identificación de Proteinuria en cinta reactiva 3+ o más en 2 tomas consecutivas e intervalo de 4 horas. El cumplimiento de las medidas generales y farmacológicas antihipertensiva se cumplió en un 100% utilizando hidralazina como fármaco de elección y mantenimiento. Para la prevención de las convulsiones el sulfato de magnesio con el esquema de Zuspan es el fármaco más usado en estas pacientes en un 99.3% se utilizó adecuadamente y el nacimiento del bebe se produjo dentro de las primeras 24 horas después de establecido el diagnóstico. Al terminar este estudio se concluyó que el cumplimiento del protocolo de preeclampsia grave en el servicio de emergencia del hospital Bertha Calderón Roque fue de un 84% de manera global destacando el cumplimiento de las medidas generales y tratamiento antihipertensivo ambos con el 100% seguido del tratamiento para la prevención de convulsiones 99.3% y por último con un 84% la aplicación de los criterios diagnóstico de preeclampsia grave. Por los que las recomendaciones van enfocadas al fortalecimiento de la aplicación de dicho protocolo en los distintos niveles de atención en salud de Nicaragua

Analysis of Required Investigations of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Spain

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the most common source of occupational health problems in Western countries. In Spain, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) can be reported either as accidents or occupational diseases. When reported as an occupational disease, a full diagnosis is performed, as the compensation system needs the approval of the social security authority and a mandatory investigation has to be performed. Although many methods are available for investigating the causes of occupational accidents, occupational diseases have not been analysed with the same depth, and there is a lack of investigation methods. This paper aims to analyse the role of 43 occupational investigations of causes of musculoskeletal diseases in the prevention cycle. This study is based on the occupational investigations performed by workplaces’ occupational health and safety specialists when musculoskeletal diseases are reported. The analysis of the data involves descriptive statistics and the Φ coeffcient. Based on administrative data, 68 workplaces employing 15,260 workers were surveyed and 41 workplaces with 13,201 workers submitted valid questionnaires to be analysed. The most frequent cause of reported musculoskeletal disease, in terms of primary risk, is repetitive movement. The only proposed measure with a significant association to the exposure by repetitive movements is job rotation (alternating workers between tasks within a job or between activities as a means to vary different levels of exposure). The investigation of occupational diseases has been useful in most of the cases for proposing preventive measures. Most of the workplaces surveyed have performed investigations and adopted preventive measures, but the managers of some workplaces were not aware of any disease notification regarding their workers when surveyed. More research is needed to provide tools for this important task

Hiring procedures to implement stable allocations

Altres ajuts: DGCYT/PB 92-0590Altres ajuts: DGCYT/PB 94-1504We implement the stable correspondence of a job matching market in Subgame Perfect Equilibrium. We use a simple sequential mechanism in which firms propose a salary to each worker (first stage) and, then, each worker accepts at most one proposal (second stage). Moreover, if agents' preferences are additive, this mechanism implements in Subgame Perfect Equilibrium the firms' optimal correspondence when firms use undominated strategies. Finally, we construct another simple sequential mechanism where the order of decisions is permuted and which implements the workers' optimal correspondence when agents' preferences are additive

Creación de valor a través de la innovación en el sector industrial

Innovation is one of the main ways of improving productivity in the manufacturing sector. According to the PITEC survey on innovation in the Spanish enterprises, there is a reduction in the proportion of manufacturing enterprises that innovate from 2006 to 2011. At the same time, the analysis shows the importance of process innovation in the manufacturing sector, in comparison with product innovation, for the productivity improvement.La innovación es una de las principales vías de mejora de la productividad en el sector industrial. Según los datos de la encuesta PITEC de innovación en empresas españolas, se ha producido una disminución del porcentaje de empresas industriales que realizan innovación en el período 2006 a 2011. Por otra parte, el análisis realizado muestra la importancia que en el sector industrial español tiene la innovación en procesos, frente a la innovación en productos, para la mejora de la productividad

Modelo de negocio y riesgo de accidente: el caso del sector industrial andaluz

Business model affects all management areas, occupational safety too. Decisions as establishment size, worker profiles both demographic and qualification, have effect on the risk of accidents. Although this is an ecological study, the results presented provide managers important information for planning and specially for adopting specific preventive measures depending on the business model chosenEl modelo de negocio influye en las diferentes áreas de gestión de la empresa, también en la gestión de la seguridad laboral. Decisiones como el tama- ño de los establecimientos, el perfil de los empleados tanto en términos demográ- ficos como de cualificación, tienen efecto en el riesgo de accidentes. Aunque se trata de un estudio ecológico, los resultados que presentamos proporcionan a los gestores importante información a la hora de planificar y, sobre todo, de adoptar medidas preventivas específicas en función del modelo de negocio elegid

Safety management models in manufacturing companies

International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management (6. 2012. Vigo). Congreso de Ingeniería de Organización (16. 2012. Vigo).In Spain, companies can decide how to manage safety. Although most safety activities are mandatory, the management model can be decided in some extend by each company. Not all models have the same effectiveness according to their preventive practices and injury rates. This study applies a discrimination model in order to determine which reasons and circumstances make a company adopt a certain safety model or a safety management system. Results can be used in public promotion programs oriented to convince managers of the benefits of implementing safety management systems with internal preventive resources instead of subcontracting an external preventive service