Pollen spectrum of honey of Apis mellifera L. and stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the semi-arid region of Bahia State, Brazil

Pollen in honey reflects its botanical origin and melissopalynology is used to identify origin, type, and quantities of pollen grains of the botanical species visited by bees. This study aimed to identify the pollen spectrum of honeys from Apis mellifera and stingless bees produced in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil. We analysed 78 honey samples, which were submitted to the acetolysis process for identification and quantification of pollen types. Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae were the most predominant families in pollen types. For Fabaceae, the most representative pollen types were Chamaecrista 1, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Mimosa pudica, Mimosa tenuiflora, Prosopis and Senna. The results indicate that the flora explored by the bees to collect nectar is diverse in the semi-arid region of Bahia and the honeys analysed were classified as multifloral.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pollen grain morphology of Fabaceae in the Special Protection Area (SPA) Pau-de-Fruta, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil

O presente trabalho apresenta a morfologia pol?nica de treze esp?cies pertencentes a sete g?neros da fam?lia Fabaceae ocorrentes na ?rea de Prote??o Especial Pau-de-Fruta, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os gr?os de p?len das seis esp?cies de Chamaecrista [C. cathartica (Mart.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, C. debilis Vogel, C. fexuosa (L.) Greene, C. hedysaroides (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, C. glandulosa (L.) Greene e C. papillata H.S. Irwin & Barneby] apresentam morfologia similar, caracterizados por 3- longos c?lporos constritos na regi?o central. As esp?cies compartilham caracter?sticas morfol?gicas espec?fcas em rela??o ao tamanho dos gr?os de p?len, tipo de endoabertura (circular, lalongada ou lolongada) e padr?o de ornamenta??o da exina em MEV (rugulado com perfura??es ou perfurado). Andira fraxinifolia Benth., Dalbergia miscolobium Benth, Galactia martii DC, Periandra mediterranea (Vell.) Taub., Senna rugosa (G.Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby e Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers apresentaram tipos pol?nicos diferenciados com tamanho de pequeno a grande; forma oblato esferoidal a prolata; aberturas em colpos ou c?lporos; endoabertura circular, lalongada ou lolongada, e distintos padr?es da ornamenta??o da exina em MEV (perfurado, microreticulado, reticulado ou rugulado com perfura??es). Apenas Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville apresentou pol?ades. A varia??o morfopol?nica das esp?cies estudadas permitiu caracterizar a fam?lia Fabaceae como euripol?nica na APE Pau-de-Fruta.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The presented paper considered the pollen morphology of thirteen species belonging to seven genera of the Fabaceae family occurring in the Pau-de-Fruta Special Protection Area (SPA), Diamantina, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The pollen grains of six species of Chamaecrista [C. cathartica (Mart.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, C. debilis Vogel, C. flexuosa (L.) Greene, C. hedysaroides (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, C. glandulosa (L.) Greene, and C. papillata H.S. Irwin & Barneby] have a similar morphology, characterized by three long colporated apertures with a central constriction. The species share specific morphological features regarding pollen size, endoaperture type (circular, lalongate or lolongate) and SEM ornamentation patterns of the exine (rugulate with perforations or perforate). Andira fraxinifolia Benth., Dalbergia miscolobium Benth, Galactia martii DC, Periandra mediterranea (Vell.) Taub., Senna rugosa (G.Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby and Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers showed different pollen types in small to large size; oblate spheroidal to prolate form; colpus or colporus apertures; circular, lalongate or lolongate endoapertures and distinctive SEM ornamentation patterns of the exine (perforate, microreticulate, reticulate or rugulate with perforations). Only Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville presents polyads. The pollen morphology variation of these species allowed the Fabaceae family to be characterized as eurypalynous in the SPA Pau-de-Fruta

Morphology of pollen grains and orbicules of two threatened species of Cedrela P. Browne (Meliaceae A. Juss.)

Abstract Pollen grain morphology and the characterization of additional structures related to pollen dispersion can help to understand the strategies presented by species as well as their taxonomic circumscription. This work investigates the morphology of pollen grains and orbicules of Cedrela fissilis Vell. and Cedrela odorata L., two threatened species of the genus Cedrela P. Browne (Meliaceae A. Juss.) in Brazil. Observations of pollen grains and orbicules of the species were carried out pre- and post-chemical treatment of the samples, under light and scanning electron microscopy, aiming at recognizing structures, detailing morphological characterizations and taking measurements, the last of which were submitted to statistical treatment. The results demonstrate that the pollen grains of the two species are medium in size (measuring between 25 and 50µm), radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate-spheroidal and 4,5-colporate with subcircular to subquadrangular amb and psilate ornamentation; the orbicules also have a smooth surface and measure about 7 to 10µm. Variation was observed in the size of pollen grains, which presented high coefficient of variation and in the orbicules, as well as in the number of apertures

Protocolo para a flórula polínica do Jardim Botânico FLORAS e adição dos gêneros Mucuna Adans. e Paubrasilia (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis (Leguminosae)

This work proposes a protocol for elaborating the pollen florula of the FLORAS Botanical Garden, in the extreme south of Bahia, Brazil. Additionally, it describes the pollen morphology of species belonging to the genera Mucuna Adans. and Paubrasilia (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis (Leguminosae) recorded for the area — M. urens (L.) Medik and P. echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis. The proposed approach involves acetolysis, measurement, description, and photodigitization of the pollen grains. The descriptions should include information about the main pollen characters, as well as measurements and studied material. For the studied taxa, descriptions and illustrations are provided.Este trabajo propone un protocolo para elaborar la flórula polínica del Jardín Botánico FLORAS, en el Extremo Sur de Bahia, Brasil. Además, describe la morfología polínica de las especies de los géneros Mucuna Adans. y Paubrasilia (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis (Leguminosae) registradas en la zona, M. urens (L.) Medik y P. echinata(Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis. Se propone acetolizar, medir, describir y fotodigitalizar los granos de polen. Las descripciones deben incluir información sobre los principales caracteres polínicos, además de medidas y material estudiado. Para los táxones estudiados, se proporcionan descripciones e ilustraciones.Este trabalho propõe um protocolo para elaborar a flórula polínica do Jardim Botânico FLORAS, no Extremo Sul da Bahia, Brasil. Além disso, descreve a morfologia polínica das espécies dos gêneros Mucuna Adans. e Paubrasilia (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis (Leguminosae) registradas para a área — M. urens (L.) Medik e P. echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima & G.P.Lewis. Propõe-se que os grãos de pólen sejam acetolisados, mensurados, descritos e fotodigitalizados. As descrições devem considerar informações sobre os principais caracteres polínicos, além de mensurações e material estudado. Para os táxons estudados, descrições e ilustrações são fornecidas.&nbsp

Sazonalidade no nicho trófico da abelha-sem-ferrão Frieseomelitta meadewaldoi (Cockerell, 1915) (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Pollen samples collected by Frieseomelitta meadewaldoi were analyzed to determine the plants used and their pollen frequency and diversity, and thus test whether there is a correlation between its diversity with temperature or rainfall. In the rainy season, F. meadewaldoi explored 27 floral sources, with greater richness of pollen types from Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. In the dry season, 34 pollen types were recorded, with a great richness associated with Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Myrtaceae. Sources of important floral resources and temporary specialization events occurred in both seasons, mainly Coutobea, Eucalyptus, Ligaria teretiflora, Mimosa pudica, Mollugo verticillata, Myrcia, Richardia grandiflora, and Tapirira guianensis. There was no correlation between the diversity of pollen resources and temperature or rainfall, as it depends on the availability of sources of floral resources. Thus, pollen diversity did not differ between months or seasons, as F. meadewaldoi foraging is similar throughout the year.Muestras de polen de Frieseomelitta meadewaldoi fueron analizadas para determinación de las plantas utilizadas y sus respectivas frecuencias de ocurrencia y diversidad, y así evaluar si existe correlación entre la diversidad de recursos con la temperatura y la pluviosidad. En la estación lluviosa, F. meadewaldoi visitó 27 fuentes florales, con mayor riqueza de tipos polínicos de Fabaceae y Myrtaceae. En la estación seca, fueron registrados 34 tipos polínicos, con mayor riqueza asociada a Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae y Myrtaceae. Fuentes de recursos florales importantes y eventos de especialización temporaria ocurrieron en ambas estaciones, con destaque para Coutobea, Eucalyptus, Ligaria teretiflora, Mimosa pudica, Mollugo, verticillata, Myrcia, Richardia grandiflora y Tapirira guianensis. No hubo correlación entre las diversidades de recurso polínico y la temperatura o la pluviosidad, pues depende de la disponibilidad de fuentes de recursos florales. Así, esa diversidad no difirió entre los meses o estaciones, pues el forrajeo de F. meadewaldoi es semejante a lo largo del año.Amostras de pólen de Frieseomelitta meadewaldoi foram analisadas para determinação das plantas utilizadas e respectivas frequências de ocorrência e diversidade, e assim testar se há correlação entre a diversidade de recursos com a temperatura ou a pluviosidade. Na estação chuvosa, F. meadewaldoi explorou 27 fontes florais, com maior riqueza de tipos polínicos de Fabaceae e Myrtaceae. Na estação seca, foram registrados 34 tipos polínicas, com maior riqueza associada a Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae e Myrtaceae. Fontes de recursos florais importantes e eventos de especialização temporária ocorreram em ambas as estações, com destaque para Coutobea, Eucalyptus, Ligaria teretiflora, Mimosa pudica, Mollugo verticillata, Myrcia, Richardia grandiflora e Tapirira guianensis. Não houve correlação entre diversidade de recursos polínicos e a temperatura ou pluviosidade, pois depende da disponibilidade de fontes de recursos florais. Assim, essa diversidade não diferiu entre os meses ou estações, pois o forrageio de F. meadewaldoi é semelhante ao longo do ano

Palinotaxonomia de espécies de Dipteryx Schreb. (Fabaceae – Papilionoideae) ocorrentes no Brasil

O gênero Dipteryx Schreb. (Papilionoideae) conhecido principalmente como cumaru, compreende espécies de árvores economicamente importantes que têm chamado a atenção de vários países. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a morfologia polínica das espécies do gênero Dipteryx ocorrentes no Brasil visando corroborar com a classificação e circunscrição das espécies do gênero. O material polínico das espécies foi retirado de exsicatas depositadas no herbário do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). Os grãos de pólen foram tratados por meio de acetólise, mensurados, descritos quanto ao tamanho, âmbito, forma e ornamentação e posteriormente, fotomicrografados. Constatou-se que os grãos de pólen são mônades, tamanho variando de médios à grandes, isopolares, com forma suboblata a prolata-esferoidal, âmbito subtriangular a triangular, 3-colporados, exina microrreticulada a reticulada. As espécies de Dipteryx apresentaram grãos de pólen com pequenas variações morfológicas, especialmente quanto à ornamentação da exina. Assim, a morfologia polínica do gênero, poderá subsidiar futuros trabalhos nas diversas áreas da Palinologia

Flora polínica de espécies herbáceas de Fabales e Poales das restingas da Praia de Massarandupió, Litoral Norte da Bahia

The work aimed to describe the pollen morphology of herbaceous species of Fabales and Poales present on the Massarandupió beach. For this, pollen grains from 12 species belonging to the aforementioned orders were acetolyzed, measured, described under optical microscopy, and photomicrographed. Pollen grains ranged from medium to large. In Fabales, they appeared as isopolar, subprolate to prolate, subcircular amb, and 3-colporate with microreticulate or exine, in Fabaceae, and circular amb, (8)-9-zonocolporate and endocingulate, in Polygalaceae. In Poales, they appeared as heteropolar and isopolar, with granulate, rugulate, finely rugulate, and psilate exine. In Cyperaceae, subprolate, with pyriform contour in equatorial view, heteroaperturate, 1-ana-ulcerate, and inaperturate. In Poaceae they are spherical, prolate spheroidal and circular; monoporate and annullete. The obtained results corroborate the data present in the literature for the studied taxa and have high potential for application in other subareas of Palynology.El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la morfología polínica de especies herbáceas de Fabales y Poales presentes en la playa de Massarandupió. Para ello, se acetolizaron, midieron, describieron bajo microscopía óptica y se tomaron fotomicrografías de los granos de polen de 12 especies pertenecientes a los órdenes mencionados anteriormente. Los granos de polen variaron de medianos a grandes. En Fabales, se presentaron como isopolares, subprolatos a prolatos, con ámbito subcircular y 3-colporados, con exina microrreticulada o psilada, en Fabaceae, y con ámbito circular, (8)-9-zonocolporados y endocingulados, en Polygalaceae. En Poales, se presentaron como heteropolares e isopolares, con exina granulada, rugulada, finamente rugulada y psilada. En Cyperaceae, los granos fueron subprolatos, con contorno piriforme en vista ecuatorial, heteroaperturados, 1-ana-ulcerados e inaperturados. En Poaceae, los granos fueron esféricos, prolatos esferoidales y circulares; monoporados y anulados. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron los datos presentes en la literatura para los taxones estudiados y tienen un alto potencial de aplicación en otras subáreas de la Palinología.O trabalho objetivou descrever a morfologia polínica de espécies herbáceas de Fabales e Poales presentes na praia de Massarandupió. Para isto, grãos de pólen de 12 espécies pertencentes às ordens supracitadas foram acetolisados, mensurados, descritos sob microscopia óptica e fotomicrografados. Os grãos de pólen variaram de médios a grandes. Em Fabales, se apresentaram como isopolares, subprolatos a prolatos, âmbito subcircular e 3-colporados com exina microrreticulada ou psilada, em Fabaceae, e âmbito circular, (8)-9-zonocolporados e endocingulados, em Polygalaceae. Em Poales, se apresentaram como heteropolares e isopolares, com exina granulada, rugulada, finamente rugulada e psilada. Em Cyperaceae, subprolatos, com contorno piriforme em vista equatorial, heteroaperturados, 1-ana-ulcerado e inaperturados. Em Poaceae são esféricos, prolato-esferoidais e circulares; monoporados e anulados. Os resultados obtidos corroboram os dados presentes na literatura para os táxons estudados e têm elevado potencial de aplicação em outras subáreas da Palinologia

Floristic characterization and pollen morphology of plants visited by Apis mellifera L. in caatinga areas in Bahia, Brazil

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify plant species visited by Apis mellifera L. in honey producing areas with typical Caatinga vegetation in the State of Bahia, as well as morphologically characterize pollen grains of the most representative species. Flowering specimens were collected from both areas, herborized, identified and deposited at the HUNEB herbarium. Analyses of floristic similarities were performed between eleven municipalities close to the study areas. Pollen was collected from all specimens, acetolyzed, measured, statistically analyzed, morphologically described, and photographed in light microscopy. Of the total of species recorded, 67.46 % were regarded as having beekeeping importance, with the richest botanical families being Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Asteraceae. Additionally, 37.5 % of the recorded species were herbs. The analyzed municipalities showed 84 % of floristic similarity. Of the total species recorded with visits by A. mellifera, 25.52 % had their pollen grains already described in the literature as monads, tetrads and polyads; isopolar, apolar and heteropolar; and mostly prolate spheroidal shape. Sizes varied from small to large, and the amb circular was predominant. The exine ornamentation was greatly diversified, varying from psilate to echinate. The obtained data corroborate the palynological knowledge of plants regarded as having beekeeping importance within the Caatinga

Recursos polínicos coletados por Melipona Illiger, 1806 e Frieseomelitta Ihering, 1912 (Apidae-Apinae-Meliponini) em matas de igapós do Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil

There is a great diversity of meliponines in Brazil, especially in the Amazon. These insects have one of the most important functions for the maintenance of life on the planet: pollination. In addition, bees have an economic importance: meliponiculture, a profitable activity that sustains many communities. That is why work on these Meliponines is so important. In 1999, an excursion was made in the Amazon along the Rio Negro channel, led by Dr. João Maria Franco de Camargo and collections of pollen material from various Meliponines were carried out. In this study the pollen resources of 10 species of stingless bees were studied, whose nests were arranged along a 1600km stretch on the banks of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. The samples were collected in the end of the rainy season (July-August) in 1999. The material was taken from pollen pots found in natural nests. The pollen material was homogenized and prepared according to the usual acetolysis technique. The work consisted of the identification of pollen types, calculation of the trophic niche overlap between pairs of bee species and cluster analysis of diets. The work was divided into two chapters, the first of which analyzed pollen pots from four species of bees belonging to the genus Frieseomelitta. In the second chapter, samples of six species of Melipona were analyzed. Of the 31 samples obtained from the Frieseomelitta nests, 32 plant species (17 botanical families) were identified, 12 of which were considered attractive to these bees, while six were promoters of temporary specialization events. The results reaffirmed the potentially generalist pattern of these bees with the occurrence of temporary specialization events, being more influenced by local conditions than by the kinship between species in the collection of pollen resources. In the second chapter of the 17 obtained from Melipona nests, 32 plant species (17 botanical families) were identified. Of these, 12 pollen types were considered attractive and each pollen pot, on average, had five pollen types. The species accumulation curve, produced by rarefaction, showed a stabilization of the number of species with the count of 600 grains. Finally, this work indicates important botanical species for crops close to nests of bee species present in this study, either for species conservation programs or Meliponaries.Existe uma grande diversidade de meliponíneos no Brasil, em especial na Amazônia. Esses insetos possuem uma das funções mais importantes para a manutenção da vida no planeta: a polinização. Além disso, as abelhas possuem uma importância econômica: a meliponicultura, uma atividade rentável que sustenta muitas comunidades. Por isso trabalhos a respeito desses Meliponíneos são tão importantes. No ano de 1999, foi realizada uma excussão na Amazônia ao longo do canal do Rio Negro, liderada por pelo Dr. João Maria Franco de Camargo e realizadas coletas de material polínico de vários Meliponíneos. Neste estudo foram estudados os recursos polínicos de 10 espécies de abelhas sem ferrão, cujos os ninhos estavam dispostos ao longo de um trecho 1600km às margens do Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas no período final da estação chuvosa (julho-agosto) do ano de 1999. O material foi retirado de potes de pólen encontrados em ninhos naturais. O material polínico foi homogeneizado e preparado segundo técnica usual de acetólise. O trabalho consistiu na identificação dos tipos polínicos, cálculo da sobreposição de nicho trófico entre pares de espécies de abelhas e análise de agrupamento das dietas. O trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos, sendo que no primeiro foram analisados potes de pólen de quatro espécies de abelhas pertencentes ao gênero Frieseomelitta. No segundo capítulo foram analisadas amostras de seis espécies de Melipona. Das 31 amostras obtidas dos ninhos de Frieseomelitta foram identificadas 65 espécies vegetais (29 famílias botânicas), sendo 18 destes, considerados atrativos para essas abelhas, enquanto três foram promotores de eventos de especialização temporária. Os resultados reafirmaram o padrão potencialmente generalistas dessas abelhas com a ocorrência de eventos de especialização temporária, sendo mais influenciado pelas condições locais do que pelo parentesco entre as espécies na coleta dos recursos polínicos. No segundo capítulo das 17 amostras obtidas de ninhos de Melipona, foram identificadas 32 espécies vegetais (17 famílias botânicas). Destas, 13 tipos polínicos foram considerados atrativos e cada pote de pólen, em média, apresentou cinco tipos polínicos. A curva de acumulação de espécies, produzidas por rarefação mostraram estabilização do número de espécies com a contagem de 600 grãos. Por fim, este trabalho sinaliza espécies botânicas importantes para cultivos próximos a ninhos das espécies de abelhas presentes neste estudo, seja para programas de conservação das espécies ou Meliponários

Mechanisms of p53-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle

p53 is a pleiotropic protein that is mutated in many types of cancers. It is involved in regulating various distinct cellular pathways including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, autophagy, angiogenesis, and most relevant to this dissertation, cellular metabolism. While extensive research has been conducted on p53 in cancer biology, the role of this protein in modulating mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle has only been recently investigated. Thus the aim of this dissertation was to assess the mechanisms by which p53 induces and controls aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle, and the subsequent impact it carries on exercise-mediated pathways that elicit an increase in mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity. First, we examined the effect of p53 on mitochondrial protein import and complex IV assembly. Using subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria isolated from p53 wildtype (WT) and knockout (KO) mice, we discerned no effects of p53 on the rate of protein import. However, the expression of several proteins involved in the import process was reduced in the KO mice. Assembly of complex IV was impaired in the IMF mitochondria, along with the assembly co-factor Surf1, which may facilitate the previously documented attenuation of mitochondrial function in the p53 KO mice. Next we evaluated whether p53 is recruited in response to endurance exercise. To assess this, we subjected C57B1/6 mice to an acute run at 15m/min for 90 minutes ± 3 hours recovery, and subsequently measured alterations in content, and sub-cellular localization of p53. The nuclear p53 content decreased steadily with acute exercise and post-recovery, in sharp contrast to the increase in p53 abundance in SS and IMF mitochondria. Concomitantly, higher levels of mitochondrial p53 were complexed with Tfam, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription factor, and with mtDNA at the D-loop with exercise and recovery. We identified putative p53 response elements in the D-loop, and hypothesized that p53 could be mediating mtDNA transcription in collaboration with Tfam. Further support for this was derived from the observation that the exercise-induced increase in mtDNA-transcribed protein COX-I was completely abrogated in p53 KO mice. Lastly, we sought to determine the necessity of p53 to the exercise-induced changes that transpire within the muscle upon an imposed metabolic and physiological challenge such as a bout of endurance exercise. p38 MAPK activation was abolished, whereas AMPK and CaMKII signalling was attenuated with exercise in p53 KO mice. This occurred in tandem with lower levels of PGC-1? translocation into the nucleus, and subsequently attenuated the increase in mRNA content of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. While non-exercised p53 KO mice displayed an impaired ability to undergo autophagy during basal conditions, there was no difference in the activation of autophagic proteins post-exercise in p53 KO vs. WT mice. Collectively, our data illustrate that p53 is integral to maintaining baseline levels of mitochondrial content and function, and is intimately involved in, and necessary for the signaling process initiated upon acute endurance exercise that mediates mitochondrial biogenesis