17 research outputs found

    ENDOMETRITE EM ÉGUAS: DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTOS CONVENCIONAIS E/OU ALTERNATIVOS

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    Endometritis is the main cause of reduced fertility in mares, in addition to generating major economic and productive disorders within the horse market. The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review on the subject, addressing its etiology and main consequences, the senile state of the affected animals as well as their own uterine defense mechanisms, whether mechanical and / or chemotactic. We also evaluated the main microorganisms involved in endometritis as well as their virulence and antimicrobial resistance, one of the most serious and worrying problems that we face today. Virulence is related to the existence of genes that participate in physiological processes necessary for survival, found in pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Among the virulence factors related to pathogenic microorganisms in the equine uterus, biofilm formation is a topic of great relevance since most of the microorganisms found are capable of producing biofilm in vitro. We tried to outline the treatments used (conventional or alternative), including the combination of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial medications associated with the correction of anatomical defects. These treatments range from physical cleaning of the endometrium, to the use of antimicrobial, ecbolic, mucolytic drugs, as well as immunomodulators, biological protein concentrate (PRP), stem cells and ozone therapy.A endometrite Ă© a principal causa de redução da fertilidade em Ă©guas, alĂ©m de gerar grandes transtornos econĂŽmicos e produtivos dentro do mercado do cavalo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisĂŁo sistemĂĄtica sobre o tema, abordando sua etiologia e principais consequĂȘncias, o estado senil dos animais acometidos assim como seus mecanismos prĂłprios de defesa uterina quer sejam mecĂąnicos e/ou quimiotĂĄticos.  Avaliamos ainda os principais microrganismos envolvidos na endometrite bem como sua virulĂȘncia e resistĂȘncia antimicrobiana, um dos problemas mais graves e preocupantes que nos deparamos nos dias atuais. A virulĂȘncia estĂĄ relacionada Ă  existĂȘncia de genes que participam de processos fisiolĂłgicos necessĂĄrios para a sobrevivĂȘncia, encontrados em microrganismos patogĂȘnicos e nĂŁo patogĂȘnicos. Dentre os fatores de virulĂȘncia relacionados a microrganismos patogĂȘnicos do Ăștero equino, a formação de biofilme, Ă© um tema de grande relevĂąncia visto que a maioria dos microrganismos encontrados sĂŁo capazes de produzir biofilme in vitro. Tentamos delinear os tratamentos utilizados (convencionais ou alternativos), incluindo a combinação de medicaçÔes anti-inflamatĂłrias e antimicrobianas associada Ă  correção de defeitos anatĂŽmicos. Esses tratamentos vĂŁo desde a limpeza fĂ­sica do endomĂ©trio, ao uso de drogas antimicrobianas, ecbĂłlicas, mucolĂ­ticas, bem como imunomoduladores, concentrado de proteĂ­nas de carĂĄter biolĂłgico (PRP), cĂ©lulas tronco e Ozonioterapia

    DILUENTE QUIMICAMENTE DEFINIDO E ANTIOXIDANTES POLIFENOIS NA CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO DE SÊMEN OVINO

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    The objective of this study was to elaborate chemically defined extender based on casein, added with polyphenolic antioxidants, for the freezing of semen from ram breeders. To evaluate Tris-casein (5% glycerol), plus polyphenols, four semen pools from three rams sires were frozen (0”M; 10”M resveratrol; 5”M quercetin; 25”M catechin; 25”M catechin + 10”M resveratrol; 25”M catechin + 5”M quercetin; 10 ”M resveratrol + 5”M quercetin; 25”M catechin + 10”M resveratrol + 5”M quercetin). After thawing, the samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. There was no significant difference (p≄0.05) between the control group and the treatments for any of the evaluated parameters. However, it can be seen that the Tris-casein extender was efficient in cryopreserving ram semen. It is concluded that the Tris-casein extender can be used for freezing ram semen.O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar diluidor quimicamente definido Ă  base de caseĂ­na, acrescido de antioxidantes polifenĂłlicos, para congelamento de sĂȘmen de reprodutoras ovinas. Para avaliar Tris-caseĂ­na (5% glicerol), mais polifenĂłis, quatro pools de sĂȘmen de trĂȘs touros carneiros foram congelados (0”M; 10”M resveratrol; 5”M quercetina; 25”M catequina; 25”M catequina + 10”M resveratrol; 25”M catequina + 5”M quercetina; 10 ”M resveratrol + 5”M de quercetina; 25”M de catequina + 10”M de resveratrol + 5”M de quercetina). ApĂłs o descongelamento, as amostras foram avaliadas quanto Ă  cinĂ©tica espermĂĄtica, integridade da membrana plasmĂĄtica e acrossĂŽmica e potencial da membrana mitocondrial. NĂŁo houve diferença significativa (p≄0,05) entre o grupo controle e os tratamentos para nenhum dos parĂąmetros avaliados. No entanto, pode-se observar que o diluidor Tris-caseĂ­na foi eficiente na criopreservação do sĂȘmen ovino. Conclui-se que o diluidor Tris-caseĂ­na pode ser utilizado para congelamento de sĂȘmen ovino

    EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE ÓXIDO DE ZINCO AO DILUENTE DE CONGELAÇÃO DO SÊMEN OVINO

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    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding zinc oxide nanoparticles to the ram semen cryopreservation diluter. Semen pools (n=6), from three Santa InĂȘs breeders, were diluted in Tris-yolk (5% glycerol), supplemented with zinc oxide nanoparticles (0, 25, 75 and 150ÎŒg/mL) at a concentration of 200x106 sperm/mL. The samples were frozen in an automated system and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). At the time of analysis, the semen samples were thawed (37 °C/30s) and evaluated for sperm kinetics, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the experimental groups in the parameters of kinetics, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity. As for the potential of mitochondrial membrane, all treated groups were significantly (p≀0.05) larger than the control. It was concluded that the zinc oxide nanoparticles increase the mitochondrial membrane potential of ram sperm submitted to the freezing/thawing process.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição de nanopartĂ­culas de Ăłxido de zinco ao diluidor de criopreservação de sĂȘmen ovino. Pools de sĂȘmen (n=6), de trĂȘs matrizes Santa InĂȘs, foram diluĂ­dos em Tris-gema (5% glicerol), suplementado com nanopartĂ­culas de Ăłxido de zinco (0, 25, 75 e 150ÎŒg/mL) na concentração de 200x106 espermatozĂłides/mL . As amostras foram congeladas em sistema automatizado e armazenadas em nitrogĂȘnio lĂ­quido (-196 °C). No momento da anĂĄlise, as amostras de sĂȘmen foram descongeladas (37 °C/30s) e avaliadas quanto Ă  cinĂ©tica espermĂĄtica, integridade da membrana plasmĂĄtica e acrossomal e potencial da membrana mitocondrial. NĂŁo houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre os grupos experimentais nos parĂąmetros de cinĂ©tica, membrana plasmĂĄtica e integridade acrossĂŽmica. Quanto ao potencial de membrana mitocondrial, todos os grupos tratados foram significativamente (p≀0,05) maiores que o controle. Concluiu-se que as nanopartĂ­culas de Ăłxido de zinco aumentam o potencial de membrana mitocondrial de espermatozĂłides ovinos submetidos ao processo de congelamento/descongelamento

    EFEITO DO Schinus terebinthifolius NA INIBIÇÃO DE CRESCIMENTO BACTERIANO E QUEBRA DE BIOFILME IN VITRO: RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES

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    Endometritis is considered as one of the main causes of subfertility and infertility in mares, having a great economic impact on equine industry. Chronic uterine infections resistant to antimicrobial agents can be caused due to the production of biofilm. Phytoterapy products provide a great potential for the production of new drugs due to their structural diversity. Schinus terebinthifolius, is a plant with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. In clinical studies, its therapeutic action has been proven in cervicitis and chronic cervical-vaginitis in women. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro the growth in clinical bacterial isolates, production of biofilm and its breakdown against different concentrations of a medication based on Schinus terebinthifolius (KronelÂź). As a result, a numeric reduction in bacterial growth was observed, as well as a partial break in the biofilm directly proportional to the concentration of Schinus terebinthifolius used. Different activities were also found according to bacteria tested. Despite being preliminary data, it was possible to observe a positive action both in the inhibition of growth and in the partial breakdown of a natural commercial product obtained from Schinus terebinthifolius in the bacterial treatment in vitro.A endometrite Ă© considerada uma das principais causas de subfertilidade e infertilidade em Ă©guas, tendo grande impacto econĂŽmico na equinocultura. InfecçÔes uterinas crĂŽnicas resistentes a agentes antimicrobianos podem ser causadas devido Ă  produção de biofilme. Os produtos fitoterĂĄpicos apresentam grande potencial para a produção de novos fĂĄrmacos devido Ă  sua diversidade estrutural. Schinus terebinthifolius, Ă© uma planta com propriedades antissĂ©pticas e anti-inflamatĂłrias. Em estudos clĂ­nicos, sua ação terapĂȘutica foi comprovada em cervicite e cervical-vaginite crĂŽnica em mulheres. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro o crescimento de isolados bacterianos clĂ­nicos, produção de biofilme e sua degradação frente a diferentes concentraçÔes de um medicamento Ă  base de Schinus terebinthifolius (KronelÂź). Como resultado, observou-se uma redução numĂ©rica no crescimento bacteriano, bem como uma quebra parcial no biofilme diretamente proporcional Ă  concentração de Schinus terebinthifolius utilizada. Diferentes atividades tambĂ©m foram encontradas de acordo com as bactĂ©rias testadas. Apesar de serem dados preliminares, foi possĂ­vel observar uma ação positiva tanto na inibição do crescimento quanto na quebra parcial de um produto comercial natural obtido de Schinus terebinthifolius no tratamento bacteriano in vitro

    Producción in vitro y expresión génica de IGF-I e IGF-II en embriones de hembras Nelore sometidas a administraciones de somatotropina recombinante bovina

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    Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a influĂȘncia da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) sobre a quantidade e qualidade de oĂłcitos aspirados in vivo, produção embrionĂĄria e expressĂŁo gĂȘnica dos fatores de crescimento semelhantes Ă  insulina (IGFs) tipos I e II em embriĂ”es produzidos in vitro de fĂȘmeas bovinas da raça Nelore. Cinco vacas foram tratadas com duas administraçÔes de 2mL de solução salina como placebo, com intervalo de catorze dias entre elas, sendo a primeira administração realizada dezenove e a segunda cinco dias antes das aspiraçÔes foliculares; decorridos trintas dias destas aspiraçÔes, em sistema crossover, o mesmo protocolo foi utilizado nesses cinco animais sendo, neste caso, a solução salina substituĂ­da por 500mg de rbST, com o intuito de efetuar-se comparaçÔes entre os tratamentos. A partir dos oĂłcitos recuperados, realizou-se a produção in vitro de embriĂ”es (PIVE), sendo todas as etapas que envolvem este processo analisadas e com posterior realização de reaçÔes em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qPCRs) para expressĂ”es gĂȘnicas de IGF-I e IGF-II nos blastocistos produzidos. Observou-se que a rbST, ainda que numericamente tenha influenciado positivamente sobre os parĂąmetros estudados, nĂŁo exerceu influĂȘncia significativa sobre a quantidade e qualidade de oĂłcitos aspirados in vivo, produção embrionĂĄria e expressĂŁo gĂȘnica de IGF-I e IGF-II em embriĂ”es produzidos in vitro de fĂȘmeas bovinas da raça Nelore.The present work aimed of studying the influence of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on quantity and quality of in vivo aspirated oocytes, embryo production and gene expression of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) types I and II in in vitro produced embryos from bovine females of Nelore breed. Five cows were treated with two administrations of 2mL of saline solution as placebo, with an interval of 14 days between them, being the first administration held 19 and the second 5 days before follicular aspirations; within 30 days after these aspirations, in a crossover design, the same protocol was used in these five animals being, in this case, the saline solution replaced by 500mg of rbST in order to perform comparisons between treatments. From retrieved oocytes, in vitro production (IVP) was performed, being all stages involving this process evaluated with subsequent achievement of polymerase chain reactions in real time (qPCRs) for gene expression of IGF-I and IGF-II in produced blastocysts. It was observed that the rbST, although having a numerical increase, did not show significant influence, on the parameters studied, on the quantity and quality of in vivo aspirated oocytes, embryo production and gene expression of IGF-I and IGF-II in in vitro produced embryos from bovine females of Nelore breed.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la influencia de la somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) en la cantidad y calidad de los ovocitos aspirados in vivo, la producciĂłn embrionaria y la expresiĂłn gĂ©nica de los factores de crecimiento insulĂ­nicos (IGFs) tipos I y II en embriones producidos in vitro a partir de Nelore hembras bovinas. Se trataron cinco vacas con dos administraciones de 2mL de soluciĂłn salina como placebo, con un intervalo de catorce dĂ­as entre ellas, siendo la primera administraciĂłn diecinueve y la segunda cinco dĂ­as antes de las aspiraciones foliculares; a los treinta dĂ­as de estas aspiraciones, en un sistema cruzado, se utilizĂł el mismo protocolo en estos cinco animales, en cuyo caso se sustituyĂł la soluciĂłn salina por 500mg de rbST, con el fin de realizar comparaciones entre tratamientos. A partir de los ovocitos recuperados se llevĂł a cabo la producciĂłn de embriones in vitro (PIVE), analizĂĄndose todas las etapas de este proceso y con la posterior realizaciĂłn de reacciones en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (qPCRs) para IGF-I e IGF-II en los blastocistos producidos. Se observĂł que la rbST, aunque numĂ©ricamente influyĂł positivamente en los parĂĄmetros estudiados, no tuvo una influencia significativa en la cantidad y calidad de ovocitos aspirados in vivo, producciĂłn embrionaria y expresiĂłn gĂ©nica de IGF-I e IGF-II en embriones producidos in vitro de hembras bovinas Nelore

    Avaliação comportamental de éguas estabuladas em período reprodutivo

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    The objective was to evaluate behavioral characteristics of mares in estrus and diestrus period that were subjected to techniques of artificial insemination and embryo transfer, in an equine reproductive clinic. 16 Mangalarga Marchador, Quarter Horse, and Campolina, aged between 3 and 12 years, and weighing between 490 and 740 kg were used. They were housed in individual stalls 4 x 4 meters in size, having access to a paddock for a few hours of exercise each day. The mares were observed for a period of 24 hours, noting every ten minutes the activities and the time spent by each animal in these activities, at the stages of estrus and diestrus, analyzing the behavioral parameters: frequency of urination, frequency of defecation, resting time, time spent feeding, frequency of water consumption, walking time, time sleeping standing up, time sleeping lying down, time sleeping in total decubitus, and deviations from the norm. There was no difference between the external behavior mares during different periods, differing (P<0.05) only for frequency of urination and time sleeping lying down, which were higher in mares in estrus. Thus, mares in estrus urinate more frequently and, due to higher daytime anxiety, need more time to rest.Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a expressĂŁo das caracterĂ­sticas comportamentais de Ă©guas em perĂ­odo de estro e diestro, estabuladas submetidas a tĂ©cnicas de inseminação artificial (IA) e transferĂȘncia de embriĂ”es (TE) em uma clĂ­nica de reprodução equina. Utilizou-se 16 Ă©guas doadoras das raças Mangalarga Marchador, Quarto de Milha e Campolina, com idades entre trĂȘs e 12 anos e pesos entre 490 a 740 kg. Essas foram estabuladas em baias individuais de dimensĂŁo 4 x 4 metros, tendo acesso a um piquete de exercĂ­cio durante algumas horas do dia. As Ă©guas foram observadas por um perĂ­odo de 24 horas, anotando a cada dez minutos as atividades e o tempo gasto por cada animal nessas atividades, nas fases de estro e diestro, analisando os parĂąmetros comportamentais de: frequĂȘncia de micção (MIC), frequĂȘncia de defecação (DEF), tempo em Ăłcio (O), tempo gasto com se alimentando (ALI), frequĂȘncia de consumo de ĂĄgua (H2O), tempo caminhando (CAM), tempo dormindo em pĂ© (DP), tempo dormindo deitado (DD), tempo dormindo em decĂșbito total (DDT) e presença de vĂ­cios (VIC). NĂŁo se observou grandes diferenças entre os comportamentos externados pelas Ă©guas nos diferentes perĂ­odos, diferindo estatisticamente (P<0,05), apenas a MIC e DD, que foi maior em Ă©guas no estro. Assim, Ă©guas em estro, urinam com maior frequĂȘncia e, devido a maior agitação diurna, necessitam de maior tempo de descanso

    CatĂĄlogo TaxonĂŽmico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

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    The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the CatĂĄlogo TaxonĂŽmico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

    Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

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    EFEITO DAS CONDIÇÕES REPRODUTIVAS E CLIMÁTICAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE EMBRIÕES DE CABRAS BOER SUPEROVULADAS

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    This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of thereproductive (multiparous or nulliparous) and climatic (dry orrainy period) conditions on the number and quality of embryoscollected from Boer does. Fifty does, being 33 multiparous and 17nulliparous, were synchronized for oestrus with CIDRÂź devices fora period of 11 days and superovulated with 250UI of FSH-p. Theanimals were observed for oestrous behaviour at 12 h intervals, afterCIDRÂź withdrawal. Does were mated and six days later flushedtranscervically to recover the embryos. There was no significantdifference (P>0.05) among the average number of structures andviable embryos recovered from the multiparous and nulliparousfemales. The average number of structures and viable embryosrecovered from multiparous does had no significant difference(P>0.05) between dry and rainy periods. The average number ofstructures and viable embryos classified as G1 recovered fromnulliparous was lower (P<0.05) in the dry period than in the rainyperiod. It could be concluded that the climatic condition did notaffect the embryonic production of multiparous females, howeverthe nulliparous were more sensitive to the dry period, presentingreduction in the number and quality of the collected embryos

    Occurrence and analysis of factors related dystocia cows in Agreste Meridional Pernambuco

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    ABSTRACT. Silva Filho A.P., Costa N.A., Carneiro G.F., Souto R.J.C., Mendonça C.L. & Afonso J.A.B. [Occurrence and analysis of factors related dystocia cows in Agreste Meridional Pernambuco.] OcorrĂȘncia e anĂĄlise de fatores relacionados Ă  distocias em vacas no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Medicina VeterinĂĄria, 36(3):317-321, 2014. ClĂ­nica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Bom Pastor, s/n, Campus de Garanhuns, Boa Vista, PE 55292-270, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] The technification creations and introduction of new more specialized breeds are improving the productivity indices of the herds, however is associated with increased incidence of dystocia. This aimed to describe the main factors related to the occurrence of laborious births in cows treated in hospital routine. In this study, information was retrieved from clinical records of cows (n = 837), with situations of dystocia (maternal and / or fetal), between the period 2000 to 2010. This disease accounted for 17.5% (837/4782) of the sample from cattle treated at the Clinic for Cattle Garanhuns Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. One of the important findings was the previous manipulation in the properties by unqualified persons representing high risk of life for calves (60% death) and cows (15% death). The occurrence of this disease in primiparous cows (2-3 years) was 34.2% in pluriparous (4-6 years) were 44.2%, and the cows over the age of six years were 21.6%. This type of reproductive disorder causes great economic losses, mainly due to the high mortality of fetuses and pregnant women and is associated mainly to delays in care and previous manipulation in the property by persons not trained
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