54 research outputs found
REFORMAS TRABALHISTAS E SEUS MERCADOS: uma comparação Brasil-França
As reformas recentes na legislação trabalhista de Brasil e França abriram uma porta para a comparação. A rationale que as presidiu tem inspiração comum: a flexibilização das formas de uso do trabalho em paĂses nos quais a legislação era reputada muito rĂgida, dificultando o ajuste das empresas Ă s mudanças constantes na competitividade mundial. Embora Brasil e França ocupem lugares muito distintos na divisĂŁo internacional do trabalho, e sofram pressões competitivas tambĂ©m distintas, os motivos alegados pelos reformadores dos dois lados sĂŁo espantosamente semelhantes. Modernização das relações de trabalho, geração de empregos (e combate ao desemprego), crescimento econĂ´mico, melhoria da renda dos trabalhadores e das condições de trabalho. Mas a promessa de segurança socioeconĂ´mica vem acompanhada de formas de regulação que geram, na verdade, insegurança no emprego, na renda e nos direitos trabalhistas. O estudo procura avaliar algumas dimensões dessa insegurança, comparando os dois paĂses em torno da noção de “precariedade”. LABOR REFORMS AND THEIR MARKETS: a comparison Brazil-FranceRecent reforms in labor legislation in Brazil and France have opened a door for comparison. The rationale behind them has a common inspiration: flexibilization of forms of labor use in countries where legislation was considered very rigid, making it difficult for companies to adjust to constant changes in global competitiveness. Although Brazil and France occupy very different places in the international division of labor, and face different competitive pressures, the motivation of the reformers on both sides are strikingly similar. Modernization of labor relations, job creation, reduction of unemployment, economic growth, improvement of workers’ income and working conditions. But the promise of socioeconomic security is accompanied by forms of regulation that actually generate insecurity in employment, income, and labor rights. The study tries to evaluate some dimensions of this insecurity, comparing the two countries around the notion of “precariousness”.Key words: Brazil; France; Labor reform; Socioeconomic insecurity; PrecariousnessLES REFORMES DU TRAVAIL ET LEURS MARCHES: une comparaison BrĂ©sil-FranceLes rĂ©formes rĂ©centes de la lĂ©gislation du travail au BrĂ©sil et en France ont ouvert une porte Ă la comparaison. Elles sont inspirĂ©es par une logique commune : la flexibilisation des formes d’utilisation de la main-d’œuvre dans des pays oĂą la lĂ©gislation Ă©tait considĂ©rĂ©e comme très rigide, empĂŞchant les entreprises de s’adapter aux changements de la compĂ©titivitĂ© mondiale. Bien que le BrĂ©sil et la France occupent des positions très distinctes dans la division internationale du travail avec des pressions concurrentielles diffĂ©rentes, les motivations des rĂ©formateurs des deux cĂ´tĂ©s sont remarquablement similaires. Modernisation des relations de travail, crĂ©ation d’emplois (et lutte contre le chĂ´mage), croissance Ă©conomique, amĂ©lioration du revenu et des conditions de travail des travailleurs. Mais la promesse de sĂ©curitĂ© socio-Ă©conomique s’accompagne de formes de rĂ©gulation qui gĂ©nèrent effectivement une insĂ©curitĂ© en matière d’emploi, de revenu et de droits du travail. L’étude Ă©value certaines dimensions de cette insĂ©curitĂ© en comparant les deux pays autour de la notion de “prĂ©carité”.Key words: BrĂ©sil; France; RĂ©forme du travail; InsĂ©curitĂ© socioĂ©conomique; PrĂ©carit
Força sindical: uma análise sociopolĂtica
Este livro tem como principal objetivo traçar um perfil dos dirigentes e sindicalistas que participaram do congresso de fundação da Força Sindical: profissĂŁo, idade, sexo, entidades que representavam opiniões polĂticas e sindicais, etc. As informações foram obtidas atravĂ©s de um questionário aplicado a delegados e membros da Direção Nacional que participaram do congresso, realizado em SĂŁo Paulo, no Memorial da AmĂ©rica Latina, durante os dias 8, 9 e 10 de março de 1991
Hepatitis viral en el estado de PiauĂ: caracterizaciĂłn epidemiolĂłgica en un centro de hematologĂa y hemoterapia
As hepatites virais sĂŁo doenças infecciosas que se caracterizam por apresentarem reações inflamatĂłrias no fĂgado, podendo ser de evolução aguda ou crĂ´nica. SĂŁo causadas por vĂrus hepatotrĂłpicos, designados por letras do alfabeto e, devido a sua alta prevalĂŞncia e potenciais complicações, constituem um grande problema de saĂşde pĂşblica. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a prevalĂŞncia das hepatites “b” e “c” em doadores de sangue do estado do PiauĂ, atravĂ©s de um estudo soro epidemiolĂłgico dos pacientes que se candidataram a doação sanguĂnea no Hemocentro do PiauĂ (HEMOPI) no perĂodo de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2010. Obtivemos os seguintes resultados, Em 2008 0,33% dos doadores estavam infectados pelo VHB e 0,41% pelo HCV, em 2009 0,24% estavam infectados pelo VHB e 0,19% pelo HCV, e em 2010 0,14% pelo VHB e 0,16% pelo HCV. Esta pesquisa realizada com os dados obtidos do Hemocentro do PiauĂ demonstra uma baixa prevalĂŞncia das Hepatites B e C dos candidatos a doação, se comparados a várias pesquisas realizadas em HemonĂşcleos de outros estados brasileiros.Viral hepatitis are infectious diseases that are characterized by presenting inflammatory reactions in the liver, which may be of acute or chronic evolution. They are caused by hepatotropic viruses, designated by letters of the alphabet and, due to their high prevalence and potential complications, constitute a major public health problem. This research aimed to analyze the prevalence of hepatitis “b” and “c” in blood donors from the state of PiauĂ, through an epidemiological study of patients who applied for blood donation at the PiauĂ Hemocenter (HEMOPI) January 2008 to December 2010. We obtained the following results. In 2008 0.33% of donors were infected with HBV and 0.41% with HCV, in 2009 0.24% were infected with HBV and 0.19% with HCV. , and in 2010 0.14% for HBV and 0.16% for HCV. This research conducted with data obtained from the PiauĂ Hemocenter demonstrates a low prevalence of Hepatitis B and C of donor candidates, compared to several studies conducted in Hemonuclei from other Brazilian states.La hepatitis viral son enfermedades infecciosas que se caracterizan por presentar reacciones inflamatorias en el hĂgado, que pueden ser de evoluciĂłn aguda o crĂłnica. Son causados por virus hepatotrĂłpicos, designados con letras del alfabeto y, debido a su alta prevalencia y posibles complicaciones, constituyen un importante problema de salud pĂşblica. Esta investigaciĂłn tuvo como objetivo analizar la prevalencia de hepatitis "b" y "c" en donantes de sangre del estado de PiauĂ, a travĂ©s de un estudio epidemiolĂłgico de pacientes que solicitaron donaciĂłn de sangre en el Hemocentro PiauĂ (HEMOPI) De enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2010. Obtuvimos los siguientes resultados: en 2008, el 0,33% de los donantes estaban infectados con VHB y el 0,41% con VHC; en 2009, el 0,24% estaban infectados con VHB y el 0,19% con VHC. y en 2010 0.14% para VHB y 0.16% para VHC. Esta investigaciĂłn realizada con datos obtenidos del Hemocentro PiauĂ demuestra una baja prevalencia de hepatitis B y C de donantes candidatos, en comparaciĂłn con varios estudios realizados en Hemonuclei de otros estados brasileños
Trabajo, empleo, calificaciones profesionales, relaciones de trabajo e identidades laborales. Vol. I
CLACSO ha apoyado desde sus inicios la constituciĂłn y desarrollo de grupos de reflexiĂłn centrados en la problemática del mundo del trabajo. Los temas abordados sucesivamente han sido el empleo y el desempleo, los movimientos laborales, las relaciones de trabajo, las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo. Las reuniones y seminarios se han desarrollado en las principales ciudades del continente: MĂ©xico DF, La Habana, MedellĂn, Santiago de Chile, RĂo de Janeiro, San Pablo, Buenos Aires y Montevideo. Los objetivos son facilitar los encuentros, el debate y las acciones de cooperaciĂłn entre los especialistas mas reconocidos y con los jĂłvenes investigadores, becarios, maestrandos y doctorandos y nutrir una comunidad muy diversa, y pluralista de cientĂficos sociales que no han cesado de crecer. Los grupos han reunido a destacados especialistas de la casi totalidad de paĂses de la regiĂłn, con una composiciĂłn multidisciplinaria y pluralista que abarca a sociĂłlogos del trabajo y de la educaciĂłn, cientistas polĂticos, economĂstas del trabajo y del desarrollo, abogados laboralistas y psicĂłlogos del trabajo, entre otras. Sus estudios han dado lugar a numerosas publicaciones editadas por CLACSO, la UAM, el PREALC de la OIT, el CEIL PIETTE del CONICET y Trabajo y Sociedad de Argentina, y forman parte de las bibliografĂas de aquellas disciplinas. Desde 2007 se constituyĂł el actual grupo "Trabajo, empleo, calificaciones profesionales, relaciones de trabajo e identidades laborales" con sede en la UNAM, sede Iztapalapa y en el CEIL-PIETTE del CONICET. Los dos volĂşmenes que ofrecemos a la comunidad acadĂ©mica y a los actores sociales contienen la mayorĂa de las ponencias presentadas en el Seminario de Buenos Aires, realizado en noviembre de 2007.INDICE
PresentaciĂłn del Grupo de Trabajo: Trabajo,
empleo, calificaciones profesionales, relaciones
de trabajo e identidades laborales
Julio CĂ©sar Neffa y Enrique de la Garza Toledo 11
PresentaciĂłn de la obra: Nuevos y viejos escenarios
en el mundo laboral latinoamericano: distintas
miradas para su estudio
Leticia Muñiz Terra 15
Primera parte
Dimensiones teĂłricas y metodolĂłgicas
Diez tesis sobre el trabajo del presente
(y el futuro del trabajo)
Ricardo Antunes 29
Aportes a una teorĂa del cambio:
gubernamentalidad, fuerzas productivas y praxis
de sujetos colectivos en nueva Ă©poca
Alberto L. Bialakowsky, MarĂa Ignacia Costa y M.
Mercedes Patrouilleau 45
um ensaio sobre inércia social
Adalberto Cardoso 83
Hacia un concepto ampliado de trabajo
Enrique de la Garza Toledo 111
Comentarios: Del trabajo esclavo a las nuevas
formas de esclavitud en el trabajo
Irene Vasilachis de Gialdino 141
Segunda parte
Trabajo, identidad y subjetividad
Cuando el trabajo informal es espacio para la
construcciĂłn de identificaciones colectivas.
Un estudio sobre ferias comerciales urbanas
Mariana Busso 159
ConstrucciĂłn del sujeto de trabajo en la
condiciĂłn de precariedad
Karina Arellano, Diego Baccarelli, Cecilia
Dallacia, LucĂa De Gennaro, Soraya Giradles
y Emilio Sadier 193
Comentarios: Comentarios crĂticos de las
ponencias presentadas en la Mesa Trabajo,
identidad y subjetividad
Juan Montes CatĂł 203
Tercera parte
EducaciĂłn, calificaciĂłn profesional,
productividad y salarios
Fuentes de la valorizaciĂłn del capital: la relaciĂłn
entre productividad y salarios. Argentina 1993-2006
Javier Lindenboim, Juan M. Graña y Damián Kennedy 215
Demandas empresariales en las estrategias de
formaciĂłn de los ingenieros en dos zonas argentinas
Marta Panaia 243
Saberes, intervenciones profesionales
y clasificaciones profesionales: nuevos
requerimientos a idóneos, técnicos e ingenieros
Julio Testa; Claudia Figari y MartĂn Spinosa 275
Pautas de desigualdad en el mundo social
productivo uruguayo. Aportes para el debate en
torno a la gestiĂłn por competencias
Mariela Quiñones Montoro 309
Cuarta parte
La nueva dinámica empresarial.
InnovaciĂłn y flexibilizaciĂłn en la industria
Trabajo de organizaciĂłn y cadenas de valor. El
caso de la vestimenta uruguaya
Marcos Supervielle y Emiliano Rojido 337
Potencialidades y limitaciones de sectores
dinámicos de alto valor agregado: la industria
aeroespacial en MĂ©xico,
Jorge Carrillo y Alfredo Hualde 373
La industria del salmĂłn en Chile: Âżcrecimiento
social o explotaciĂłn laboral?,
Antonio Aravena 397
Rasgos posfordistas en el paisaje laboral de la
gran industria del Valle del Cauca colombiano
Carlos MejĂa Sanabria 42
Mitochondrial physiology
As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery
Mitochondrial physiology
As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery
The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2
Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age 6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score 652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701
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