10,635 research outputs found
Chiral emission into nanophotonic resonators
Chiral emission, where the handedness of a transition dipole determines the
direction in which a photon is emitted, has recently been observed from atoms
and quantum dots coupled to nanophotonic waveguides. Here, we consider the case
of chiral light-matter interactions in resonant nanophotonic structures,
deriving closed-form expressions for the fundamental quantum electrodynamic
quantities that describe these interactions. We show how parameters such as the
position dependent, directional Purcell factors and mode volume can be
calculated using computationally efficient two dimensional eigenmode
simulations. As an example, we calculate these quantities for a prototypical
ring resonator with a geometric footprint of only 4.5~m, showing that
perfect directionality with a simultaneous Purcell enhancement upwards of 400
are possible. The ability to determine these fundamental properties of
nanophotonic chiral interfaces is crucial if they are to form elements of
quantum circuits and networks
Large suppression of quantum fluctuations of light from a single emitter by an optical nanostructure
We investigate the reduction of the electromagnetic field fluctuations in
resonance fluorescence from a single emitter coupled to an optical
nanostructure. We find that such hybrid system can lead to the creation of
squeezed states of light, with quantum fluctuations significantly below the
shot noise level. Moreover, the physical conditions for achieving squeezing are
strongly relaxed with respect to an emitter in free space. A high degree of
control over squeezed light is feasible both in the far and near fields,
opening the pathway to its manipulation and applications on the nanoscale with
state-of-the-art setups.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Bioclimatology, structure, and conservation perspectives of Quercus pyrenaica, Acer opalus subsp. Granatensis, and Corylus avellana deciduous forests on Mediterranean bioclimate in the South-Central part of the Iberian Peninsula
The plant variability in the southern Iberian Peninsula consists of around 3500 different taxa due to its high bioclimatic, geographic, and geological diversity. The deciduous forests in the southern Iberian Peninsula are located in regions with topographies and specific bioclimatic conditions that allow for the survival of taxa that are typical of cooler and wetter bioclimatic regions and therefore represent the relict evidence of colder and more humid paleoclimatic conditions. The floristic composition of 421 samples of deciduous forests in the south-central part of the Iberian Peninsula were analyzed. The ecological importance index (IVI) was calculated, where the most important tree species were Quercuspyrenaica, Aceropalus subsp. Granatensis, and Corylusavellana. These species are uncommon in the south-central part of the Iberian Peninsula, forming forests of little extension. An analysis of the vertical distribution of the species (stratum) shows that the majority of the species of stratum 3 (hemicriptophics, camephytes, geophites, and nanophanerophytes) are characteristic of deciduous forests, and their presence is positively correlated with high values of bioclimatic variables related to humidity and presence of water in the soil (nemoral environments), while they are negatively correlated with high values of bioclimatic variables related to high temperatures, evapotranspiration, and aridity. This work demonstrates that several characteristic deciduous forest taxa are more vulnerable to disappearance due to the loss of their nemoral conditions caused by gaps in the tree or shrub canopy. These gaps lead to an increase in evapotranspiration, excess insolation, and a consequent loss of water and humidity in the microclimatic conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Paleopathological and metagenomic study of a XIIth cetury Perucian mummy: an ancient case of Chagas disease
Among the results obtained from this study there is the only known complete paleopathological study of Chagas’ disease (American Trypanosomiasis), comprising macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural data, as well as information on atherosclerosis, anthracosis, emphysema and pneumonia. We characterized the gut microbiome of two pre-Columbian Andean mummies dating to the 10–15th centuries using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics, and compared them to a previously characterized gut microbiome of an 11th century AD pre-Columbian Andean mummy. Our previous study showed that the Clostridiales represented the majority of the bacterial communities in the mummified gut remains, but that other microbial communities were also preserved during the process of natural mummification, as shown with the metagenomics analyses. Metagenome analyses showed the presence of other microbial groups that were positively or negatively correlated with specific metabolic profiles. The presence of sequences similar to both Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani could suggest that these pathogens were prevalent in pre-Columbian individuals
Étude de la Colonne de Plasma Dans un Arc à Électrodes Creuses. EUR 2645. = Study of the Plasma Column In an Arc with Hollow Electrodes. EUR 2645.
Integrating the processes in the evolutionary system of domestication
Genetics has long been used as a source of evidence to understand domestication origins. A recent shift in the emphasis of archaeological evidence from a rapid transition paradigm of hunter-gatherers to agriculturalists, to a protracted transition paradigm has highlighted how the scientific framework of interpretation of genetic data was quite dependent on archaeological evidence, resulting in a period of discord in which the two evidence types appeared to support different paradigms. Further examination showed that the discriminatory power of the approaches employed in genetics was low, and framed within the rapid paradigm rather than testing it. In order to interpret genetic data under the new protracted paradigm it must be taken into account how that paradigm changes our expectations of genetic diversity. Preliminary examination suggests that a number of features that constituted key evidence in the rapid paradigm are likely to be interpreted very differently in the protracted paradigm. Specifically, in the protracted transition the mode and mechanisms involved in the evolution of the domestication syndrome have become much more influential in the shape of genetic diversity. The result is that numerous factors interacting over several levels of organization in a domestication system need to be taken into account in order to understand the evolution of the process. This presents a complex problem of integration of different data types which is difficult to describe formally. One possible way forward is to use Bayesian approximation approaches that allow complex systems to be measured in a way that does not require such formality
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