Effects of emotion and perspective on remembering events: An eye-tracking study

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the emotional content of an event and participants’ perspective on the memory and eye-tracking measurements for central and peripheral de-tails. The data have been collected from 130 undergraduate male students (18- 33 ages). Three series of seven different emotional thematic photographs (positive, negative, neutral) were used. Participants were subjected to only one of the three series, either in his own perspective condition or observer perspective condition. During the presentation of thematic photograph series participants’ eye movements were re-corded. All analysis for memory and eye-tracking measurements were carried out with 3 (Emotional Content: Positive, Negative, Neutral) X 2 (Participants’ perspective: Own perspective, observer perspec-tive) between-subjects factorial ANOVA. The results indicated that although central and peripheral de-tails took almost equal attention in both negative and neutral events, only details of the negative event was remembered better. In addition, when compared to negative and neutral events participants looked longer at positive event’s central details as well as peripheral details, only details of negative event were remembered better. Consequently, memory enhancement effect occured only in negative emotional event both for central and peripheral details, even though participants paid less or equal attention these details. In addition to effects of emotion, it was seen that like autobiographical memory (Nigro and Neisser, 1983) participants’ perspective has also an effect on event memory and attention measured by eye-tracking. According to eye-tracking results looking with his own perspective to the event causes narrowing of attention while looking with observer’s perspective to event causes extending of attention. In memory results it was seen that participants in his own perspective condition remembered central details better than participants in the observer condition. In conclusion, it is observed that enhanced memory for neg-ative emotional event can occur independently of attention, so it could be said that attention is not suffi-cient by itself to remember an event with details, emotional dimension of the event has a decisive role. Additionally, perspective have an effect on attention as well as event memory

Relationship between Working Memory, Retrospective Memory and Strategic Monitoring with Prospective Memory Performance

Working memory is one of the significant factors that can influence prospective memory. Prospective memory inherently encompasses elements of retrospective memory, and strategic monitoring also affects performance. Therefore, the study investigates the relationship between strategic monitoring, retrospective memory, working memory, and prospective memory. The study involved 120 participants (60 females and 60 males). The Beck Depression Inventory, n-Back tasks, and Virtual Week tasks were administered to the participants. According to the findings, working memory performance predicts prospective memory (β= .30;

Examining the visual screening patterns of emotional facial expressions with gender, age and lateralization

The main objective of the study is to investigate the effects of age of model, gender of observer, and lateralization on visual screening patterns while looking at the emotional facial expressions. Data were collected through eye tracking methodology. The areas of interests were set to include eyes, nose and mouth. The selected eye metrics were first fixation duration, fixation duration and fixation count. Those eye tracking metrics were recorded for different emotional expressions (sad, happy, neutral), and conditions (the age of model, part of face and lateralization). The results revealed that participants looked at the older faces shorter in time and fixated their gaze less compared to the younger faces. This study also showed that when participants were asked to passively look at the face expressions, eyes were important areas in determining sadness and happiness, whereas eyes and noise were important in determining neutral expression. The longest fixated face area was on eyes for both young and old models. Lastly, hemispheric lateralization hypothesis regarding emotional face process was supported

Effects of emotion and perspective on remembering events: An eye-tracking study

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the emotional content of an event and participants' perspective on the memory and eye-tracking measurements for central and peripheral details. The data have been collected from 130 undergraduate male students (18- 33 ages). Three series of seven different emotional thematic photographs (positive, negative, neutral) were used. Participants were subjected to only one of the three series, either in his own perspective condition or observer perspective condition. During the presentation of thematic photograph series participants' eye movements were recorded. All analysis for memory and eye-tracking measurements were carried out with 3 (Emotional Content: Positive, Negative, Neutral) X 2 (Participants' perspective: Own perspective, observer perspective) between-subjects factorial ANOVA. The results indicated that although central and peripheral details took almost equal attention in both negative and neutral events, only details of the negative event was remembered better. In addition, when compared to negative and neutral events participants looked longer at positive event's central details as well as peripheral details, only details of negative event were remembered better. Consequently, memory enhancement effect occured only in negative emotional event both for central and peripheral details, even though participants paid less or equal attention these details. In addition to effects of emotion, it was seen that like autobiographical memory (Nigro and Neisser, 1983) participants' perspective has also an effect on event memory and attention measured by eye-tracking. According to eye-tracking results looking with his own perspective to the event causes narrowing of attention while looking with observer's perspective to event causes extending of attention. In memory results it was seen that participants in his own perspective condition remembered central details better than participants in the observer condition. In conclusion, it is observed that enhanced memory for negative emotional event can occur independently of attention, so it could be said that attention is not sufficient by itself to remember an event with details, emotional dimension of the event has a decisive role. Additionally, perspective have an effect on attention as well as event memory

A Study Of Creating Face Photographs Set Including Different Levels Of Attractiveness

Introduction: This study was aimed to create a set of photographs including human faces with neutral expression and different levels of attractiveness that can be utilized scientifically by different disciplines and for different scopes. Methods: In total, 186 students (120 females, 66 males) volunteered to be photographed in passport style with a neutral expression. In these pictures there was no make-up, earring, or piercing. These photographs were evaluated by the participants for the neutrality and attractiveness. The secondary sex characteristics of the faces were also assessed. Results: Symmetrical faces were created by taking the mirror image of the right and left sides of the faces because sufficient number of photographs could not be obtained at the first stage. According to the evaluations of these photographs by the participants, 26 attractive (13 females, 13 males) and 26 average (13 females, 13 male) faces were selected for the final set. Conclusion: Finally, a set of 52 photographs representing human faces with neutral expression with different levels of attractiveness is developed. According to the measurement of the secondary sexual characteristics, attractive and average faces differ in terms of the width of the eyes, the nasal area, and the length of the chin. Thus, a scientific-based FaceSet including different levels of the attractiveness has been available for the use by those concerned.PubMedWo

Remembering Emotional Events: An Eye-tracking Study

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the emotional content of an event and participants’ perspective on the memory and eye-track measurements for central and peripheral details. Event memory refers the memory for details about an event itself. The type of remembered details of an event can differ according to emotional content of an event. Additionally, emotional content of an event can also effect the eye-track measurements. The participants were 130 volunteer undergraduate male students. Three digital colorful, static and emotional real life pictures (positive, negative, neutral) were manipulated in this study. According to 3 (emotional content: positive, negative, neutral) X 2 (Participants' perspective: Own perspective, Observer perspective) factorial ANOVA results event memory (central and peripheral free recall scores) and eye-track measurements (fixation duration, fixation count) differs according to emotional content of an event, participants' perspective and their interaction effect. In this study, it is observed that attention is not enough by itself for a better remembering of an emotional event and enhanced memory for negative emotional event can occur independently of attention

Adaptation And Norm Determination Study Of The Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) On Turkish Adults (Ages 50 And Over)

Objectives: Daily living activities are generally impaired in dementia and have to be assessed by standardized instruments. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research recommends the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) as a particularly useful method for initial assessment of functional impairment. The FAQ is a brief, informant-based questionnaire that evaluates performance based on ten complex activities of daily living. The aim of the present study is to determine the normative values for a FAQ on Turkish adult sample between ages 50 and over. Material and Method: The present study consists of two phases: Translation/ adaptation and standardization. In the first phase, the questionnaire was translated into Turkish and the FAQ items were adapted to Turkish culture. In the second phase, the trained clinicians administered the new form to the subjects (usually a family member) who have substantial personal knowledge of the adult’s prior and current behavior. Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores were used as inclusion criteria for healthy elderly adults. The research sample consists of 213 healthy subjects and their family members. The research sample consists of 213 subjects (109 female, 104 male). A 3x3x2 (age: 50-59 / 60-69 / 70 and over) x education (5- 8 years / 9-11 years / 12 years and over) x sex (female / male) factorial design was used in the analysis. Results: The 3x3x2 factorial ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of age and education for the total FAQ score. Main effect of sex was not significant. No interaction effect (age x sex, age x education, sex x education and age x sex x education) on FAQ scores was statistically significant. Discussion: This study provides normative data for a psychometric tool that reliably measures the activities of daily living in normal healthy subjects. It further demonstrates the necessity of considering age and education when assessing the activities of daily living. It should be the material of future research to extend the standardization on the FAQ

A comparison of implicit memory performance in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer type dementia patients

Amaç: Örtük bellek, bilginin bilinçsiz, otomatik ve farkında olmaksızın hatırlanması olarak tanımlanmaktadır ve bu açıdan açık bellekten farklıdır. Bu çalışmada, hafif bilişsel bozukluğu olan hastalar, ATD hastaları (farklı evrelerdeki) ve sağlıklı kontrol grubu örtük bellek performansı açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya HBB tanısı olan 19, ATD tanısı olan 23 hasta alınmıştır. ATD?lı hastalardan 11?i hafif-orta, 12?si ağır evrededir. Kontrol grubu yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ve el tercihi açısından hasta gruplarıyla eşleştirilmiştir. Klinik değerlendirme için DSM-IV ve NINCDS-ADRA tanı ölçütleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: 4x3 faktörlü ANOVA sonucunda, bilgi işleme düzeyi değişkeninin temel etkisi ile grup ve bilgi işleme düzeyi değişkenlerinin ortak etkisi anlamlı bulunmuştur. Grup değişkeninin temel etkisi anlamlı değildir. Sonuç: HBB ve ATD hasta grupları örtük bellek görevinde benzer performans göstermişlerdir. HBB ve ATD hasta gruplarında örtük bellek performansı korunmuştur. Buna karşın, hasta gruplarının, örtük bellek performansı bilgi işleme düzeyi manipülasyonuna göre değişebilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, ATD?ın klinik değerlendirmesinde örtük bellek görevlerinin kullanılması önemlidir.Objective: Implicit memory, defined as the recollection of knowledge unconsciously, automatically, and without being aware of it, is different than explicit memory, in which knowledge is recollected consciously, while being aware of it. In the present study, the implicit memory performance of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer?s type dementia (ATD) (different stages) were compared to healthy controls. Method: The study included 19 MCI patients and 23 ATD patients (11 mild-moderate and 12 severe stage ATD). Control subjects were matched to the patient groups according to age, gender, education, and hand preference. DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRA diagnostic criteria were used for clinical assessment. Results: The 4 × 3 ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of the level of processing, and group and level of processing interaction effect was also significant. Group main effect was not significant. Conclusion: MCI and ATD groups performed similarly on the implicit memory task. Implicit memory performance was intact in patients with MCI and ATD; however, implicit memory performance of the patient groups differed according to the level of processing manipulation. For that reason, implicit memory tasks should be used for clinical diagnosis in ATD

Discriminant Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of Informant Questionnaire On Cognitive Decline In The Elderly (Iqcode-T)

The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) has been used as a measure of cognitive decline in different cultures. The purpose of the study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of IQCODE (IQCODE-T) and the ability of the questionnaire to distinguish between older adults with DSM-IV-TR dementia (n = 100) and healthy control participants (n = 60). In addition, the power of the IQCODE-T to distinguish between patients with depression and dementia was investigated. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed on all participants and the IQCODE-T was administered to their informants. The IQCODE-T, which was not associated with age or education of the patients, significantly differentiated patients with dementia and controls. The IQCODE-T also correctly classified 73% of depressed patients as "non-demented". Because it is easy to administer, not associated with age/education and yields fewer false-positive results than the MMSE in depression, the IQCODE-T can be used in the detection of dementia.WoSScopu

Implicit and explicit verbal memory performances of patients with bipolar disorder, their unaffected relatives and healthy controls

25th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) -- OCT 13-17, 2012 -- Vienna, AUSTRIAOZEL-KIZIL, ERGUVAN TUGBA/0000-0001-9657-1382WOS: 000317948600315…European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol (ECNP