Variabilidade espacial de Planossolo e produtividade de soja em várzea sistematizada: análise geoestatística e análise de regressão Spatial variability of a Planosol and soybean yield on a land-leveled paddy soil: geoestatistical and regression analysis

Atributos do solo e da planta, espacialmente definidos, contribuem para o planejamento de lavouras comerciais e a locação de experimentos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a variabilidade espacial de alguns atributos físicos e químicos do solo e sua relação com a produtividade de soja em várzea sistematizada. O experimento foi realizado no ano agrícola de 2000, na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, em um Planossolo Hidromórfico distrófico típico. Uma área de 160 x 88m foi amostrada em grade de 8 x 8m, totalizando 240 pontos. A produtividade e a altura de plantas de soja e atributos químicos e físicos do solo superficial (0 a 0,15m) e subsuperficial (0,15 a 0,30m) foram avaliadas. Para os atributos edáficos da camada de solo de 0-0,15m de profundidade, que apresentaram correlação com os atributos de planta, usaram-se técnicas de geoestatística, sendo a dependência espacial dos atributos avaliada por semivariogramas escalonados. Com exceção da densidade de partículas e do grau de floculação, todas as demais variáveis apresentaram dependência espacial de moderada (0,64 a 0,75) a forte (>0,75). A variabilidade espacial dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo afetou a produtividade de soja. Os atributos do solo analisados foram divididos, quanto ao alcance e ao modelo de semivariograma, em dois grupos: um grupo com modelo exponencial e alcance menor que 40m e outro com modelo gaussiano e alcance menor que 67m. A variabilidade espacial da produtividade de soja foi descrita pelo modelo gaussiano com alcance menor que 45m.<br>Spatially-defined soil and plant properties contribute to better planning of experiments and commercial fields. This research had as objective the study of spatial variability of some physical and chemical properties of the soil and their relationship with soybean productivity. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2000, at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, on land-leveled paddy soil. An area of 160 x 88m was sampled at an interval of 8 x 8m, resulting in 240 sampling points. The plant properties studied were soybean yield and plant height. Several chemical and physical properties of the topsoil (0 to 0.15m) and subsoil (0.15 to 0.30m) were determined. Geostatistical analysis was done only for the soil layer that presented correlation with the plant properties (0-0.15m), and the space dependence of the attributes was evaluated by scaled semivariograms. Except for soybean production, particle density and flocculation degree, all soil properties presented moderate (0.64 to 0.75) to strong (>0.75) space dependence. The production of soybean was influenced by space variability of the analyzed soil properties. The spatial variability of the soil physical and chemical properties in land-leveled paddy soil affected the production of soybean. The properties were classified in two different categories, based on semivariogram model and range: (i) exponential model and range smaller than 40m and (ii) gaussian model and range smaller than 67m. A gaussian model with range smaller than 45m described the spatial variation of soybean yeild

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London