Inclusion of shrimp waste meal in diet of free-range chickens

Shrimp waste meal (SWM) is a by-product from the processing of shrimp for human consumption. The value of SMW in feeding poultry is not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the energy value and optimal inclusion level of SWM in the diet of growing chickens. A total of 180 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of SWM included in their diet. There were six replicates of six birds for each treatment. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by the level of SWM that was fed. Retained dry matter varied from 72.39% in the diet that did not contain SWM to 66.97% in the diet with 200 g/kg of SWM. Nitrogen retention (NR) ranged from 54.70% to 70.10%; N ingested was between 18.71% and 24.03%. Energy intake ranged from 73.57% to 69.33% for the control and the diet with 200 g/kg of SWM, respectively. NR improved with increasing SWM inclusion levels. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and corrected apparent energy metabolizable (AMEn) ranged from 2928 to 2527 kcal/kg and 2774 to 2329 kcal/kg, respectively, relative to the control and 200 g/kg SWM diets. The energy consumption, in kcal/kg, of SWM consumed was AME = 2332-6.971 x SWM and AMEn = 2113-8.128 x SWM. High levels of SWM reduce the dry matter metabolization coefficient and metabolizable energy values in broilers during the growing phase, so it is recommended that up to 100 g/kg should be included, which would provide an AMEn of 1300.2 kcal/kg for free-range chickens in dry matter

Kinetic resolution of (R,S)-1,2-isopropylidene glycerol (solketal) ester derivatives by lipases

AbstractA study on the enantioselective hydrolysis of (R,S)-1,2-isopropylidene glycerol (4-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, solketal) octanoate catalyzed by different lipases was carried out. Among them, Pseudomonas sp. lipase proved to be the most effective. It was shown that the ester bearing the longer octanoyl acyl chain is a more suitable substrate for this lipase compared to the acetate counterpart. By properly combining enzyme load, temperature and reaction time, either the (S)-alcohol or the remaining ester could be obtained in moderate to high selectivities. Ethyl acetate was found to be the best solvent for the kinetic resolutions effected by such lipase but our results show that toluene may prove useful

Differential Fruit Consumption Of Two Melastomataceae By Birds In Serra Da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil

In this study we report on the consumption of two syntopic Melastomataceae species by birds in a lower montane forest in Monte Verde, southeastern Brazil. The species of frugivores were identified and characterized by their methods of capture and consumption of fruits. We also provide information on abundance, phenology of plants and fruit characteristics of the two Melastomataceae species. The 13 observed species of birds formed two statistically distinct frugivorous groups with taxonomic and behavioral differences. Five of seven bird species that fed on L. aff. sublanata fruits belong to the subfamily Thraupinae and most fruits were mashed before swallowed. Four of the eight bird species that visited M. cinerascens belong to the subfamily Turdinae and all fruits were swallowed whole. Only two bird species were common visitors of both Melastomataceae species. Our findings show that fruits of the two Melastomataceae species with similar morphological characteristics were exploited differently by frugivorours birds.121510Altmann, J., Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods (1974) Behavior, 49, pp. 227-267Bligh, E.G., Dyer, W.J., A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification (1959) Can. J. Biochem. Physiol, 37, pp. 911-917Brasil, (1983) Projeto Radam Brasil. Folhas SF 23/24 Rio de Janeiro/VitóriaGeologia, geomorfologia, pedologia, vegetaç ão e seu potencial da terra, , Rio de Janeiro: Ministério das Minas e EnergiaBrown, E.D., Hopkins, M.J.G., Tests of disperser specificity between frugivorous birds and rainforest fruits in New Guinea (2002) Emu, 102, pp. 137-146Fleming, T.H., Fruit plant - frugivore mutualism: The evolutionary theater and the ecological play (1991) Plantanimal interactions: Evolutionary ecology in tropical and temperate regions, pp. 119-144. , P. W. Price, T. M. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes and W. W. Benson eds, New York: John Wiley and Sons, IncFuentes, M., Diets of fruit-eating birds: What are the causes of interspecific differences? (1994) Oecologia, 97, pp. 134-142Galetti, M., Stotz, D., Miconia hypoleuca (Melastomataceae) como espécie-chave para aves frugívoras no sudeste do Brasil. (1996) Rev. Brasil. Biol, 56, pp. 435-439Gentry, A.H., Emmons, L.H., Geographical variation in fertility, phenology, and composition of the understory of neotropical forests (1987) Biotropica, 19, pp. 216-227Githiru, M., Lens, L., Bennur, L.A., Ogol, C.P.K.O., Effects of site and fruit size on the composition of avian frugivore assemblages in a fragmented Afrotropical forest (2002) Oikos, 96, pp. 320-330Gridi-papp, C.O., (1997) Frugivoria por aves em quatro espécies de Melastomataceae na Serra da Mantiqueira, MG, , Master's Degree thesis. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de CampinasHerrera, C.M., Long-term dynamics of Mediterranean frugivorous birds and fleshy fruits: A 12-year study (1998) Ecol. Monogr, 68, pp. 511-538Hilty, S.T., Flowering and fruiting periodicity in a premontane rain forest in pacific Colombia (1980) Biotropica, 12, pp. 292-306Horwitz, W., (1980) Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, , Washington DC: The AssociationJung, R., Individual variation in fruit choice by American Robins (Turdus migratorius) (1992) Auk, 109, pp. 98-111Kitamura, S., Yumoto, T., Poonswad, P., Chuailua, P., Plongmai, K., Maruhashi, T., Noma, N., Interactions between fleshy fruits and frugivores in a tropical seasonal forest in Thailand (2002) Oecologia, 133, pp. 559-572Levey, D.J., Seed size and fruit-handling techniques of avian frugivores (1987) Am. Nat, 12, pp. 471-485Levey, D.J., Moermond, T.C., Denslow, J.S., Fruit choice in neotropical birds: The effect of distance between fruits on preference patterns (1984) Ecology, 65, pp. 844-840Levey, D.J., Martinez Del Rio, C.M., It takes guts (and more) to eat fruit: Lessons from avian nutritional ecology (2001) Auk, 118, pp. 819-831Loiselle, B.A., Blake, J.G., Diets of understory fruit-eating birds in Costa Rica: Seasonality and resource abundance (1990) Stud. Avian Biol, 13, pp. 91-103Loiselle, B.A., Blake, J.G., Temporal variation in birds and fruits along an elevational gradient in Costa Rica (1991) Ecology, 72, pp. 180-193Loiselle, B.A., Blake, J.G., Spatial distribution of understory fruit-eating birds and fruiting plants in a neotropical lowland wet forest (1993) Vegetatio, 107-108, pp. 177-189Manhães, M.A., Dieta de traupíneos (Passeriformes, Emberezidae) no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil. (2003) Iheringia Sér. Zool. Porto Alegre, 93, pp. 59-73Marcondes-Machado, L.O., Comportamento alimentar de aves em Miconia rubiginosa (Melastomataceae) em fragmento de cerrado, São Paulo. (2002) Iheringia Sér. Zool. Porto Alegre, 92, pp. 97-100Melo, C., Bento, E.C., Oliveira, P.E., Frugivory and dispersal of Faramea cyanea (Rubiaceae) in cerrado woody plant formations (2003) Braz. J. Biol, 63, pp. 75-82Moermond, T.C., Denslow, J.S., Neotropical avian frugivores: Patterns of behavior, morphology, and nutrition, with consequences for fruit selection (1985) Ornithol. Monogr, 36, pp. 865-897Polin, B., Wright, S.J., Lefebvre, G., Calderón, O., Interspecific synchrony and asychrony in the fruiting phenologies of congeneric bird-dispersed plants in Panama (1999) J. Trop. Ecol, 15, pp. 213-227Renner, S.S., Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae (1993) Nord. J. Bot, 13, pp. 519-540Rodrigues, M., (1991) Ecologia alimentar de traupídeos (Aves: Thraupinae) em uma área de mata atlântica do estado de, , São Paulo. Master's Degree thesis. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de CampinasSallabanks, R., Courtney, S.P., On fruit-frugivore relationships: Variety is the spice of life (1993) Oikos, 68, pp. 567-570Schupp, E.W., Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals (1993) Vegetatio, 107-108, pp. 15-29Snow, D.W., Tropical frugivorous birds and their food plants: A world survey (1981) Biotropica, 13, pp. 1-14Stanley, M.C., Lill, A., Importance of seed ingestion to an avian frugivore: An experimental approach to fruit choice based on seed load (2002) Auk, 119, pp. 175-184Stiles, F.G., On the role of birds in the dynamics of neotropical forests (1985) Conservation of tropical forest birds: Proceedings of a workshop and symposium held at the XVIII World Conference of the International Council for Bird Preservation, 7, 8 and 10 August 1982, Kings College, pp. 49-59. , A. W. Diamond and T. E. Lovejoy eds, Cambridge, England. Cambridge: International Council for Bird PreservationStiles, F.G., Rosselli, L., Consumption of fruits of the Melastomataceae by birds: How diffuse is coevolution? (1993) Vegetatio, 107-108, pp. 57-73Wheelwright, N.T., Haber, W.A., Murray, K.G., Guindon, C., Tropical fruit-eating birds and their food plants: A survey of a Costa Rican lower montane forest (1984) Biotropica, 16, pp. 173-192Willson, M.F., Fruit choices by captive American Robins (1996) Condor, 96, pp. 494-502Witmer, M.C., Do seeds hinder digestive processing of fruit pulp? Implications for plant/frugivore mutualims (1998) Auk, 115, pp. 319-32

DELRUT FIBRA LARGA: nueva variedad de algodón de excelente calidad industrial para el valle geográfico del río Cauca

DAD DELRUT FIBRA LARGA proviene del cruzamiento (Acala 1517BR2+Stonville213) F6 + (DeltaPine15+* Stardel) F10. Fue seleccionada como línea experimenta] LA 1-29-4 (F6) por el método pedigrí a través del ICA. Luego CORPOICA retomó el proceso y entre 1995 y 1998 se realizaron ensayos de rendimiento (un ciclo), pruebas regionales (2 ciclos) y por último la línea fue incluida en pruebas de eficiencia agronómica con otras tres líneas promisorias y la variedad comercial Acala 1517- 70 en cuatro localidades del valle geográfico del río Cauca en 1998. De estas pruebas, supervisadas por el ICA se seleccionó la línea mencionada que se denominó DELRUT FIBRA LARGAAlgodó

Edible alginate-based films with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The viability of SARS-CoV-2 on food surfaces and its propagation through the food chain has been discussed by several stakeholders, as it may represent a serious public health problem, bringing new challenges to the food system. This work shows for the first time that edible films can be used against SARS-CoV-2. Sodium alginate-based films containing gallic acid, geraniol, and green tea extract were evaluated in terms of their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that all these films have strong in vitro antiviral activity against this virus. However, a higher concentration of the active compound (1.25%) is needed for the film containing gallic acid to achieve similar results to those obtained for lower concentrations of geraniol and green tea extract (0.313%). Furthermore, critical concentrations of the active compounds in the films were used to evaluate their stability during storage. Results showed that gallic acid-loaded films lose their activity from the second week of storage, while films with geraniol and green tea extract only show a drop in activity after four weeks. These results highlight the possibility of using edible films and coatings as antiviral materials on food surfaces or food contact materials, which may help to reduce the spreading of viruses through the food chain.This work received funding from EIT Food (Grant agreement ID: 20400), the innovation community on Food of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), a body of the EU, under Horizon 2020, the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação genómica nas espécies pecuárias

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Factors of the epidemiological triad that influence the persistence of human papilloma virus infection in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

We studied the epidemiologic triad-related factors influencing human papilloma virus (HPV) persistence in Mexican women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients aged ?18 years with SLE (American College of Rheumatology criteria), with and without HPV persistence, were selected. Groups were analyzed by (1) host: clinical disease characteristics; (2) agent: (I) infectious (prevalence, incidence, HPV genotype and co-infections (?2 HPV genotypes or mycoplasmas)), (II) chemical (contraceptives and immunosuppressive drugs) and (III) physical (vitamin D deficiency) and (3) environment. A total of 121 SLE patients were selected over a two-year period. (1) Host: mean age 45.8 years and disease duration 12.7 years. (2) Agent: (I) infectious. HPV infection prevalence in the second sample was 26.4%, high-risk HPV genotypes 21.5% and co-infections 7.4%. HPV infection incidence was 13.2%, persistence 13.2% and clearance 15.7%. (II) Chemical: use of oral hormonal contraceptives 5% and immunosuppressive treatment 97.5%. (III) Physical: Vitamin D levels were similar in both groups. (3) Environment: (I) natural. A total of 60.6% of patients were residents of Puebla City. (II) Social: The mean education level was 10.9. Poverty levels were: III degree 52.4%, IV degree 28% and II degree 17%. (III) Cultural behavioral: Onset of sexual life was 20.5 years, 10% had ?3 sexual partners and 51.2% were postmenopausal. In conclusion, no factor of the epidemiologic triad was associated with HPV infection prevalence. © The Author(s) 2018

Growth inhibitory effects of 3′-nitro-3-phenylamino nor-beta-lapachone against HL-60: A redox-dependent mechanism

AbstractIn this study, the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and early ROS generation of 2,2-dimethyl-(3H)-3-(N-3′-nitrophenylamino)naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione (QPhNO2) were investigated and compared with those of its precursor, nor-beta-lapachone (nor-beta), with the main goal of proposing a mechanism of antitumor action. The results were correlated with those obtained from electrochemical experiments held in protic (acetate buffer pH 4.5) and aprotic (DMF/TBABF4) media in the presence and absence of oxygen and with those from dsDNA biosensors and ssDNA in solution, which provided evidence of a positive interaction with DNA in the case of QPhNO2. QPhNO2 caused DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial depolarization and induced apoptosis/necrosis in HL-60 cells. Pre-treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine partially abolished the observed effects related to the QPhNO2 treatment, including those involving apoptosis induction, indicating a partially redox-dependent mechanism. These findings point to the potential use of the combination of pharmacology and electrochemistry in medicinal chemistry