Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements

CHAP 1 - Introduction to the Guide CHAP 2 - Solution chemistry of carbon dioxide in sea water CHAP 3 - Quality assurance CHAP 4 - Recommended standard operating procedures (SOPs) SOP 1 - Water sampling for the parameters of the oceanic carbon dioxide system SOP 2 - Determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water SOP 3a - Determination of total alkalinity in sea water using a closed-cell titration SOP 3b - Determination of total alkalinity in sea water using an open-cell titration SOP 4 - Determination of p(CO2) in air that is in equilibrium with a discrete sample of sea water SOP 5 - Determination of p(CO2) in air that is in equilibrium with a continuous stream of sea water SOP 6a - Determination of the pH of sea water using a glass/reference electrode cell SOP 6b - Determination of the pH of sea water using the indicator dye m-cresol purple SOP 7 - Determination of dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen in sea water SOP 7 en Español - Determinacion de carbono organico disuelto y nitrogeno total disuelto en agua de mar SOP 11 - Gravimetric calibration of the volume of a gas loop using water SOP 12 - Gravimetric calibration of volume delivered using water SOP 13 - Gravimetric calibration of volume contained using water SOP 14 - Procedure for preparing sodium carbonate solutions for the calibration of coulometric CT measurements SOP 21 - Applying air buoyancy corrections SOP 22 - Preparation of control charts SOP 23 - Statistical techniques used in quality assessment SOP 24 - Calculation of the fugacity of carbon dioxide in the pure gas or in air CHAP 5 - Physical and thermodynamic data Errata - to the hard copy of the Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurement

Mayer and virial series at low temperature

We analyze the Mayer pressure-activity and virial pressure-density series for a classical system of particles in continuous configuration space at low temperature. Particles interact via a finite range potential with an attractive tail. We propose physical interpretations of the Mayer and virial series' radius of convergence, valid independently of the question of phase transition: the Mayer radius corresponds to a fast increase from very small to finite density, and the virial radius corresponds to a cross-over from monatomic to polyatomic gas. Our results have consequences for the search of a low density, low temperature solid-gas phase transition, consistent with the Lee-Yang theorem for lattice gases and with the continuum Widom-Rowlinson model.Comment: 36 pages, 1 figur

Pathway-based subnetworks enable cross-disease biomarker discovery

Surgical oncolog

Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk

BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants. To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci, we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11,705 BRCA1 carriers (of whom 5,920 were diagnosed with breast and 1,839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer), with a further replication in an additional sample of 2,646 BRCA1 carriers. We identified a novel breast cancer risk modifier locus at 1q32 for BRCA1 carriers (rs2290854, P = 2.7×10-8, HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). In addition, we identified two novel ovarian cancer risk modifier loci: 17q21.31 (rs17631303, P = 1.4×10-8, HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and 4q32.3 (rs4691139, P = 3.4×10-8, HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38). The 4q32.3 locus was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population or BRCA2 carriers, suggesting a BRCA1-specific associat

A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained During the R/V Thomas G. Thompson Cruise in the Pacific Ocean

This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO2), total alkalinity (TALK), and radiocarbon (delta 14C), at hydrographic stations, as well as the underway partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) during the R/V Thomas G. Thompson oceanographic cruise in the Pacific Ocean (Section P10). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the cruise began in Suva, Fiji, on October 5, 1993, and ended in Yokohama, Japan, on November 10, 1993. Measurements made along WOCE Section P10 included pressure, temperature, salinity [measured by conductivity temperature, and depth sensor (CTD)], bottle salinity, bottle oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, silicate, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12), TCO2, TALK, delta 14C, and underway pCO2

The Somatic Inheritance of Plant Organelles

Plastids and mitochondria fulfill important metabolic functions that greatly affect plant growth and productivity. One can therefore easily envision that division of the organelles themselves, as well as replication, maintenance and partitioning of their genomes must be carefully controlled processes that ensure even organelle distribution during cell division and coordinate the organellar metabolic processes with the needs of the cell, tissues and the entire plant. This chapter reviews the combined cytological, biochemical, genetic and genomics approaches that have led to novel insights into key players that mediate or regulate these processes

Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo de las infecciones arbovirales infecciones arbovirales (Encefalomielitis Equina Encefalomielitis, Encefalomielitis Equina Occidental Encefalomielitis, Encefalomielitis Equina Venezolana Encefalomielitis Equina Venezolana y Fiebre del Nilo Occidental) en Costa Rica

To gain a better understanding of the epidemio- logical situation of arboviral infections in horses in Costa Rica, a national IgG seroprevalence study was performed in 2013. In Costa Rica, equine arboviral infections are caused by Alphaviruses such as Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEV), Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEV), as well as a Flavivirus: West Nile Virus (WNV). This study was carried out in response to a number of lethal disease outbreaks in horses, which were primarily caused by VEV, but also WNV and EEV. Arboviruses, which are transmitted to horses and humans through blood-sucking mosquitoes, may cause pyrexia, neurological disease and even death in both animals and humans.Para conocer mejor la situación epidemiológica de las situación epidemiológica de las infecciones arbovirales en caballos en Costa Rica, se realizó un estudio nacional de seroprevalencia de IgG en 2013. En Costa Rica, las infecciones arbovirales equinas son causadas por alfavirus como el virus de la encefalomielitis equina oriental (VEE), el virus de la encefalomielitis equina occidental y el virus de la encefalomielitis equina venezolana. encefalomielitis equina venezolana (VEV), así como un Flavivirus: Virus del Nilo Occidental (WNV). Este estudio se llevó a cabo en respuesta a una serie de brotes letales de brotes de enfermedades en caballos, que fueron causados principalmente por el VEV pero también el VNO y el VEE. Los arbovirus, que se transmiten a a los caballos y a los humanos a través de mosquitos hematófagos, pueden causar pirexia, enfermedades neurológicas e incluso la muerte, tanto en animales como en humanos.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaEscuela de Medicina Veterinari

JOAN BONET i BALTÀ, L'Esgrésia catalana de la Illustració a la Renaixença, Montserrat (Barcelona), Publicacions de L'Abadia de Montserrat, 1984, 776 pp., 15,5 x 20,5. [RECENSIÓN]

he global ocean is a significant sink for anthropogenic carbon (Cant), absorbing roughly a third of human CO2 emitted over the industrial period. Robust estimates of the magnitude and variability of the storage and distribution of Cant in the ocean are therefore important for understanding the human impact on climate. In this synthesis we review observational and model-based estimates of the storage and transport of Cant in the ocean. We pay particular attention to the uncertainties and potential biases inherent in different inference schemes. On a global scale, three data-based estimates of the distribution and inventory of Cant are now available. While the inventories are found to agree within their uncertainty, there are considerable differences in the spatial distribution. We also present a review of the progress made in the application of inverse and data assimilation techniques which combine ocean interior estimates of Cant with numerical ocean circulation models. Such methods are especially useful for estimating the air–sea flux and interior transport of Cant, quantities that are otherwise difficult to observe directly. However, the results are found to be highly dependent on modeled circulation, with the spread due to different ocean models at least as large as that from the different observational methods used to estimate Cant. Our review also highlights the importance of repeat measurements of hydrographic and biogeochemical parameters to estimate the storage of Cant on decadal timescales in the presence of the variability in circulation that is neglected by other approaches. Data-based Cant estimates provide important constraints on forward ocean models, which exhibit both broad similarities and regional errors relative to the observational fields. A compilation of inventories of Cant gives us a "best" estimate of the global ocean inventory of anthropogenic carbon in 2010 of 155 ± 31 PgC (±20% uncertainty). This estimate includes a broad range of values, suggesting that a combination of approaches is necessary in order to achieve a robust quantification of the ocean sink of anthropogenic CO2.ISSN:1810-6277ISSN:1810-628