Algoritmo transgenético aplicado ao problema do caixeiro comprador capacitado simétrico

O presente trabalho apresenta um Algoritmo Transgenético para a solução do Problema do Caixeiro Comprador Capacitado Simétrico. O algoritmo é baseado em endossimbiose e outras transformações do fluxo intracelular. O algoritmo é descrito e experimentos computacionais são relatados no sentido de validar a eficiência da abordagem. São também apresentadas novas melhores soluções para 17 instâncias de um conhecido banco de instâncias para o problema.<br>This paper presents a Transgenetic Algorithm to solve the Symmetric Capacitated Traveling Purchaser Problem. The biological inspiration of the proposed algorithm comes from the endosymbiotic theory of evolution. The algorithm is described and the results of computational experiments are reported. The performance of the algorithm is compared with other recent work presented in the literature. New best solutions for 17 instances of a known benchmark are reported

Disruption of RFX family transcription factors causes autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and dysregulated behavior

PURPOSE: We describe a novel neurobehavioral phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated with de novo or inherited deleterious variants in members of the RFX family of genes. RFX genes are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that act as master regulators of central nervous system development and ciliogenesis. METHODS: We assembled a cohort of 38 individuals (from 33 unrelated families) with de novo variants in RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7. We describe their common clinical phenotypes and present bioinformatic analyses of expression patterns and downstream targets of these genes as they relate to other neurodevelopmental risk genes. RESULTS: These individuals share neurobehavioral features including ASD, intellectual disability, and/or ADHD; other frequent features include hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and sleep problems. RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 are strongly expressed in developing and adult human brain, and X-box binding motifs as well as RFX ChIP-seq peaks are enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of known ASD risk genes. CONCLUSION: These results establish a likely role of deleterious variation in RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 in cases of monogenic intellectual disability, ADHD and ASD, and position these genes as potentially critical transcriptional regulators of neurobiological pathways associated with neurodevelopmental disease pathogenesis

Reformulations in Mathematical Programming: A Computational Approach

Summary. Mathematical programming is a language for describing optimization problems; it is based on parameters, decision variables, objective function(s) subject to various types of constraints. The present treatment is concerned with the case when objective(s) and constraints are algebraic mathematical expressions of the parameters and decision variables, and therefore excludes optimization of black-box functions. A reformulation of a mathematical program P is a mathematical program Q obtained from P via symbolic transformations applied to the sets of variables, objectives and constraints. We present a survey of existing reformulations interpreted along these lines, some example applications, and describe the implementation of a software framework for reformulation and optimization.