Feasibility of Thorium Fuel Cycles in a Very High Temperature Pebble-Bed Hybrid System

Nuclear energy presents key challenges to be successful as a sustainable energy source. Currently, the viability of the use thorium-based fuel cycles in an innovative nuclear energy generation system is being investigated in order to solve these key challenges. In this work, the feasibility of three thorium-based fuel cycles (232Th-233U, 232Th-239Pu, and 232Th-U) in a hybrid system formed by a Very High Temperature Pebble-Bed Reactor (VHTR) and two Pebble-Bed Accelerator Driven Systems (ADSs) was evaluated using parameters related to the neutronic behavior such as nuclear fuel breeding, minor actinide stockpile, the energetic contribution of each fissile isotope, and the radiotoxicity of the long lived wastes. These parameters were used to compare the fuel cycles using the well-known MCNPX ver. 2.6e computational code. The results obtained confirm that the 232Th-233U fuel cycle is the best cycle for minimizing the production of plutonium isotopes and minor actinides. Moreover, the inclusion of the second stage in the ADSs demonstrated the possibility of extending the burnup cycle duration and reducing the radiotoxicity of the discharged fuel from the VHTR.Received: 09 February 2015; Revised: 12 May 2015; Accepted: 20 May 201

Voltage dip generator for testing wind turbines connected to electrical networks

This paper describes a new voltage dip generator that allows the shape of the time profile of the voltage generated to be configured. The use of this device as a tool to test the fault ride-through capability of wind turbines connected to the electricity grid can provide some remarkable benefits: First, this system offers the possibility of adapting the main features of the time–voltage profile generated (dip depth, dip duration, the ramp slope during the recovery process after clearing fault, etc.) to the specific requirements set forth by the grid operation codes, in accordance with different network electrical systems standards. Second, another remarkable ability of this system is to provide sinusoidal voltage and current wave forms during the overall testing process without the presence of harmonic components. This is made possible by the absence of electronic converters. Finally, the paper includes results and a discussion on the experimental data obtained with the use of a reduced size laboratory prototype that was constructed to validate the operating features of this new device

Mecanización agraria y empleo en el regadío Extremeño

El progreso tecnológico y la mecanización han provocado siempre, a corto plazo, la amortización de puestos directivos de trabajo, generándose fuerte resistencia entre los anteriormente asalariados. La revuelta de los «canuts», por ejemplo en Francia, oponiéndose a la introducción de las máquinas tejedoras, forma parte de la historia del movimiento obrero del siglo XIX. La mecanización agraria no podía ser, evidentemente, la excepción. El Elemento nuevo, introducido por la presente crisis económica, es la desaparición de empleos alternativos en otras ramas de la producción u otros sectores productivos. La resistencia al desarrollo de la mecanización en el campo cobra actualmente su orina quizás más espectacular en los ataques a las cosechadoras de algodón, pero sobre todo permite la generalización de un estado de ánimo contrario en amplias capas de la población, sobre todo en Andalucía y Extremadura. Hoy no podemos seguir utilizando sencillamente los mismos conceptos productivistas de etapas económicas anteriores, aunque los autores se resisten a una oposición sistemática a la mecanización para la realización de las labores agrícolas. Con Maylor y Ver non (1969) podemos destacar el papel de la empresa y el empresario (en nuestro caso, el agricultor) a la hora de la adopción de las decisiones relativas al cómo y al qué producir. El análisis microeconómico aparece, entonces, como una útil herramienta para analizar la incidencia de un desplazamiento de la función de producción hacia una mayor intensidad en la utilización tanto del capital de explotación como del factor trabajo. En esta línea, el presente trabajo se limita al análisis del regadío extremeño —un buen ejemplo de los sistemas de agricultura del riego mediterráneo (C.M. Portas, 1983) en base a datos recogidos y contrastados por nosotros. Están basados en tiempos reales medios determinados en base a las hojas de cultivo de las fincas colaboradoras del Servicio de Extensión Agraria (S.E.A.) de Badajoz. Las conclusiones que podemos sacar del estudio no pueden, entonces, generalizarse fuera de su contexto y de sus limitaciones. Creemos que nuestros resultados al plantearse en unos términos geográficos específicos no pierden interés, sino que pueden servir, junto con otras investigaciones semejantes, para alcanzar conclusiones generales en un futuro, en un «proceso de enriquecimiento continuo entre lo general y lo particular» como señala Tuñón de Lara (1981). Entre los antecedentes más directos de este estudio, podemos destacar el de PINHEIRO y PORTAS (1980). Su contribución no se ha limitado a la aportación de información y documentación útil para contrastar nuestros resultados con la situación del Alentejo portugués, sino que ha sido constante animador en la elaboración

The Convergence of Digital-Libraries and the Peer-Review Process

Pre-print repositories have seen a significant increase in use over the past fifteen years across multiple research domains. Researchers are beginning to develop applications capable of using these repositories to assist the scientific community above and beyond the pure dissemination of information. The contribution set forth by this paper emphasizes a deconstructed publication model in which the peer-review process is mediated by an OAI-PMH peer-review service. This peer-review service uses a social-network algorithm to determine potential reviewers for a submitted manuscript and for weighting the relative influence of each participating reviewer's evaluations. This paper also suggests a set of peer-review specific metadata tags that can accompany a pre-print's existing metadata record. The combinations of these contributions provide a unique repository-centric peer-review model that fits within the widely deployed OAI-PMH framework.Comment: Journal of Information Science [in press

Cultivos hortícolas industriales en las alternativas de regadío: Productividades y mano de obra empleada.

El cultivo de especies hortícolas con destino industrial se considera como el elemento que puede mejorar a corto plazo la productividad económica y de la mano de obra de las explotaciones de regadío de las Vegas del Guadiana. Se estudian cinco alternativas que incluyen en total siete cultivos diferentes y para dos niveles de explotación (5 ha y 20 ha de superficie). Se calculan las necesidades y distribución anuales de la mano de obra, las productividades y la incidencia de la mecanización de la recolección en las especies hortícolas en que ello es hoy posible. Las diferencias en mano de obra empleada entre las distintas alternativas estudiadas son muy importantes, así como las productividades. La incidencia de la mecanización de la recolección tiende a favorecer la introducción de cultivos hortícolas industriales en explotaciones de mayor dimensión, hoy dedicadas a la producción de grano

Characterization of a Basidiomycete Fungus from Stored Sugar Beet Roots

Eighteen isolates sampled from sugar beet roots associated with an unknown etiology were characterized based on observations of morphological characters, hyphal growth at temperatures ranging from 4 to 28 C, production of phenol oxidases, and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The isolates did not produce asexual or sexual spores, had binucleate hyphal cells with clamp connections, grew from 4 to 22 C with and estimated optimal growth at 14.5 C, and formed a dark brown pigment on potato dextrose or malt extract agar amended with 0.5% tannic acid. Color changes observed when solutions of gum guiac, guiacol, and syringaldzine were applied directly to mycelium grown on these media indicated that all isolates produced phenol oxidases. Sequences of ITS and LSU regions on the rDNA gene from 15 isolates were 99.2 to 100% identical and analysis of sequence data with Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony suggest that the isolates from sugar beet roots are phylogenetically related to Athelia bombacina, Granulobasidium vellereum, and Cyphella digitalis. High statistical support for both loci under different criteria confirmed that Athelia bombacina was consistently the closest known relative to the sugar beet isolates. Additional taxonomic investigations are needed before species can be clarified and designated for these isolates

Deep Inelastic Scattering in Holographic AdS/QCD Models

We review the description of deep inelastic scattering using some AdS/QCD phenomenological models.Comment: Talk presented by NRFB at Light Cone 2009: Relativistic Hadronic and Particle Physics, 8-13 Jul 2009, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazi

Effect of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the muscular properties of gastrocnemius muscle

Diacutaneous fibrolysis is a noninvasive technique that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as shoulder pain, lateral epicondylalgia, patellofemoral pain syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome. However, while diacutaneous fibrolysis is applied to soft tissue, its effects on muscular properties are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diacutaneous fibrolysis on muscle properties as measured by tensiomyography and myotonometry in asymptomatic subjects. An analytical descriptive study was performed. A single session of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the gastrocnemius muscle was applied to one limb (treated limb group) and the other limb was the control (control limb group). Subjects were assessed with tensiomyography and myotonometry before treatment (T0), after treatment (T1) and 30 minutes later (T2). The primary outcomes were tensiomyography and myotonometry variables. The treated limb group showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in tensiomyography parameters. A decrease in rigidity and increase in relaxation was also observed on myotonometry at T1, with some of the effects being maintained at T2. Rigidity and relaxation at T1 were statistically significant between groups (p<0.05). A single session of diacutaneous fibrolysis to the gastrocnemius muscle of asymptomatic subjects produced immediate changes in muscle properties. These changes were maintained 30 minutes after the application of the technique