38,462 research outputs found
The subgroup growth spectrum of virtually free groups
For a finitely generated group denote by the growth
coefficient of , that is, the infimum over all real numbers such
that . We show that the growth coefficient of a virtually
free group is always rational, and that every rational number occurs as growth
coefficient of some virtually free group. Moreover, we describe an algorithm to
compute
Momentum isotropisation in random potentials
When particles are multiply scattered by a random potential, their momentum
distribution becomes isotropic on average. We study this quantum dynamics
numerically and with a master equation. We show how to measure the elastic
scattering time as well as characteristic isotropisation times, which permit to
reconstruct the scattering phase function, even in rather strong disorder.Comment: 5 pages, paper contributed to Lyon BEC 2012; v2 minor changes,
version published in prin
Strong Anderson localization in cold atom quantum quenches
Signatures of strong Anderson localization in the momentum distribution of a
cold atom cloud after a quantum quench are studied. We consider a quasi
one-dimensional cloud initially prepared in a well defined momentum state, and
expanding for some time in a disorder speckle potential. Anderson localization
leads to a formation of a coherence peak in the \emph{forward} scattering
direction (as opposed to the common weak localization backscattering peak). We
present a microscopic, and fully time resolved description of the phenomenon,
covering the entire diffusion--to--localization crossover. Our results should
be observable by present day technology.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, published versio
Echo spectroscopy of Anderson localization
We propose a conceptually new framework to study the onset of Anderson
localization in disordered systems. The idea is to expose waves propagating in
a random scattering environment to a sequence of short dephasing pulses. The
system responds through coherence peaks forming at specific echo times, each
echo representing a particular process of quantum interference. We suggest a
concrete realization for cold gases, where quantum interferences are observed
in the momentum distribution of matter waves in a laser speckle potential. This
defines a challenging, but arguably realistic framework promising to yield
unprecedented insight into the mechanisms of Anderson localization.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures; published versio
Spin effects in strong-field laser-electron interactions
The electron spin degree of freedom can play a significant role in
relativistic scattering processes involving intense laser fields. In this
contribution we discuss the influence of the electron spin on (i) Kapitza-Dirac
scattering in an x-ray laser field of high intensity, (ii) photo-induced
electron-positron pair production in a strong laser wave and (iii) multiphoton
electron-positron pair production on an atomic nucleus. We show that in all
cases under consideration the electron spin can have a characteristic impact on
the process properties and their total probabilities. To this end,
spin-resolved calculations based on the Dirac equation in the presence of an
intense laser field are performed. The predictions from Dirac theory are also
compared with the corresponding results from the Klein-Gordon equation.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
SAFT-γ force field for the simulation of molecular fluids: 4. A single-site coarse-grained model of water applicable over a wide temperature range
In this work, we develop coarse-grained (CG) force fields for water, where the effective CG intermolecular interactions between particles are estimated from an accurate description of the macroscopic experimental vapour-liquid equilibria data by means of a molecular-based equation of state. The statistical associating fluid theory for Mie (generalised Lennard-Jones) potentials of variable range (SAFT-VR Mie) is used to parameterise spherically symmetrical (isotropic) force fields for water. The resulting SAFT-γ CG models are based on the Mie (8-6) form with size and energy parameters that are temperature dependent; the latter dependence is a consequence of the angle averaging of the directional polar interactions present in water. At the simplest level of CG where a water molecule is represented as a single bead, it is well known that an isotropic potential cannot be used to accurately reproduce all of the thermodynamic properties of water simultaneously. In order to address this deficiency, we propose two CG potential models of water based on a faithful description of different target properties over a wide range of temperatures: our CGW1-vle model is parameterised to match the saturated-liquid density and vapour pressure; our other CGW1-ift model is parameterised to match the saturated-liquid density and vapour-liquid interfacial tension. A higher level of CG corresponding to two water molecules per CG bead is also considered: the corresponding CGW2-bio model is developed to reproduce the saturated-liquid density and vapour-liquid interfacial tension in the physiological temperature range, and is particularly suitable for the large-scale simulation of bio-molecular systems. A critical comparison of the phase equilibrium and transport properties of the proposed force fields is made with the more traditional atomistic models
Electron-magnon scattering in elementary ferromagnets from first principles: lifetime broadening and band anomalies
We study the electron-magnon scattering in bulk Fe, Co, and Ni within the
framework of many-body perturbation theory implemented in the full-potential
linearized augmented-plane-wave method. To this end, a -dependent
self-energy ( self-energy) describing the scattering of electrons and
magnons is constructed from the solution of a Bethe-Salpeter equation for the
two-particle (electron-hole) Green function, in which single-particle Stoner
and collective spin-wave excitations (magnons) are treated on the same footing.
Partial self-consistency is achieved by the alignment of the chemical
potentials. The resulting renormalized electronic band structures exhibit
strong spin-dependent lifetime effects close to the Fermi energy, which are
strongest in Fe. The renormalization can give rise to a loss of quasiparticle
character close to the Fermi energy, which we attribute to electron scattering
with spatially extended spin waves. This scattering is also responsible for
dispersion anomalies in conduction bands of iron and for the formation of
satellite bands in nickel. Furthermore, we find a band anomaly at a binding
energy of 1.5~eV in iron, which results from a coupling of the quasihole with
single-particle excitations that form a peak in the Stoner continuum. This band
anomaly was recently observed in photoemission experiments. On the theory side,
we show that the contribution of the Goldstone mode to the self-energy is
expected to (nearly) vanish in the long-wavelength limit. We also present an
in-depth discussion about the possible violation of causality when an
incomplete subset of self-energy diagrams is chosen
Factorization in hard diffraction
In this talk, I reviewed the role of factorization in diffraction hard
scattering.Comment: Talk presented at the Ringberg Workshop on ``New Trends in HERA
Physics 2001''. 10 pages, 6 postscript figures. Misprints correcte
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