5,236 research outputs found
Germination and growth of selected higher plants in a simulated space cabin environment Final report, 9 Apr. - 30 Aug. 1970
Germination and growth of selected higher plants in simulated space cabin environment similar to conditions within Skyla
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Linking metacognition and mindreading: Evidence from autism and dual-task investigations
Questions of how we know our own and other minds, and whether metacognition and mindreading rely on the same processes, are longstanding in psychology and philosophy. In Experiment 1, children/adolescents with autism (who tend to show attenuated mindreading) showed significantly lower accuracy on an explicit metacognition task than neurotypical children/adolescents, but not on an allegedly metacognitive implicit one. In Experiment 2, neurotypical adults completed these tasks in a single-task condition, or a dual-task condition that required concurrent completion of a secondary task that tapped mindreading. Metacognitive accuracy was significantly diminished by the dual-mindreading-task on the explicit task, but not the implicit task. In Experiment 3, we included additional dual-tasks to rule out the possibility that any secondary task (regardless of whether it required mindreading) would diminish metacognitive accuracy. Finally, in both experiments 1 and 2, metacognitive accuracy on the explicit task, but not the implicit task, was associated significantly with performance on a measure of mindreading ability. These results suggest that explicit metacognitive tasks (used frequently to measure metacognition in humans) share metarepresentational processing resources with mindreading, whereas implicit tasks (which are claimed by some comparative psychologists to measure metacognition in non-human animals) do not
Scattering by nonspherical systems
Scattering by nonspherical particles with size of order of wavelength - scattering by axisymmetric penetrable particles using approximate matching of boundary condition
Electrodynamic Radiation Reaction and General Relativity
We argue that the well-known problem of the instabilities associated with the
self-forces (radiation reaction forces) in classical electrodynamics are
possibly stabilized by the introduction of gravitational forces via general
relativity
Deposition of general ellipsoidal particles
We present a systematic overview of granular deposits composed of ellipsoidal
particles with different particle shapes and size polydispersities. We study
the density and anisotropy of such deposits as functions of size polydispersity
and two shape parameters that fully describe the shape of a general ellipsoid.
Our results show that, while shape influences significantly the macroscopic
properties of the deposits, polydispersity plays apparently a secondary role.
The density attains a maximum for a particular family of non-symmetrical
ellipsoids, larger than the density observed for prolate or oblate ellipsoids.
As for anisotropy measures, the contact forces show are increasingly preferred
along the vertical direction as the shape of the particles deviates for a
sphere. The deposits are constructed by means of an efficient molecular
dynamics method, where the contact forces are efficiently and accurately
computed. The main results are discussed in the light of applications for
porous media models and sedimentation processes.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
Intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage during Xen gel stent implantation
Purpose: To report a rare case of intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage during Xen gel stent implantation with accompanying surgical video and subsequent 6-month follow-up.
Observations: Our patient required incisional glaucoma surgery after inadequate pressure reduction with four classes of topical medication, methazolamide, and selective laser trabeculoplasty. The patient underwent Xen gel stent implantation and developed an intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage, which was managed in the operating room. The patient recovered his baseline visual acuity with a functioning bleb out to 6 months postoperatively.
Conclusions and Importance: Micro-invasive glaucoma surgeries offer a new repertoire of surgical options, purportedly with safer and less invasive techniques. Xen gel stent implantation may be a promising alternative to traditional trabeculectomies and tube shunt implants, providing similar IOP lowering results with potentially lower risk for complications. However, rare and severe complications such as suprachoroidal hemorrhage may still occur. Recognizing a suprachoroidal bleed, particularly intraoperatively, will still be necessary to help minimize the potential vision threatening sequelae often associated with this severe complication
Gamow Shell Model Description of Neutron-Rich Nuclei
This work presents the first continuum shell-model study of weakly bound
neutron-rich nuclei involving multiconfiguration mixing. For the
single-particle basis, the complex-energy Berggren ensemble representing the
bound single-particle states, narrow resonances, and the non-resonant continuum
background is taken. Our shell-model Hamiltonian consists of a one-body finite
potential and a zero-range residual two-body interaction. The systems with two
valence neutrons are considered. The Gamow shell model, which is a
straightforward extension of the traditional shell model, is shown to be an
excellent tool for the microscopic description of weakly bound systems. It is
demonstrated that the residual interaction coupling to the particle continuum
is important; in some cases, it can give rise to the binding of a nucleus.Comment: 4 pages, More realistic s.p. energies used than in the precedent
versio
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The Self-reference Effect on Memory is Not Diminished in Autism: Three Studies of Incidental and Explicit Self-referential Recognition Memory in Autistic and Neurotypical Adults and Adolescents
Three experiments investigated the extent to which a) individuals with autism show a self-reference effect (i.e., better memory for self-relevant information), and b) the size of the self-reference effect is associated with autism traits. Participants studied trait adjectives in relation to their own name (self-referent) or a celebrity’s name (other-referent) under explicit and incidental/implicit encoding conditions. Explicit encoding involved judging whether the adjectives applied to self or other (denoted by proper names). Implicit encoding involved judging whether the adjectives were presented to the right or left of one’s own or a celebrity’s name. Recognition memory for the adjectives was tested using a yes/no procedure. Experiment 1 (individual differences; N = 257 neurotypical adults) employed the Autism-spectrum Quotient as a measure of autistic traits. Experiments 2 (N = 60) and 3 (N = 52) involved case-control designs with closely-matched groups of autistic and neurotypical adults and children/adolescents, respectively. Autistic traits were measured using the Autism-spectrum Quotient and Social Responsiveness Scale, respectively. In all experiments, a significant self-reference effect was observed in both explicit and implicit encoding conditions. Most importantly, however, there was (a) no significant relation between size of the self-reference effect and number of autistic traits (Experiments 1, 2 and 3), and (b) no significant difference in the size of the self-reference effect between autistic and neurotypical participants (Experiments 2 and 3). In these respects, Bayesian analyses consistently suggested that the data supported the null hypothesis. These results challenge the notion that subjective or objective self-awareness are impaired in autism. It is generally easier to remember information that is relevant to oneself than to remember other kinds of information. This is known as the “self-reference effect”. Previously, it has been claimed that people with autism show a reduced self-reference effect (implying diminished self-awareness) but this study provides robust evidence that people with autism are, in fact, just as susceptible to this effect as neurotypical people
Atomic and Molecular Data for Optical Stellar Spectroscopy
High-precision spectroscopy of large stellar samples plays a crucial role for
several topical issues in astrophysics. Examples include studying the chemical
structure and evolution of the Milky Way galaxy, tracing the origin of chemical
elements, and characterizing planetary host stars. Data are accumulating from
instruments that obtain high-quality spectra of stars in the ultraviolet,
optical and infrared wavelength regions on a routine basis. These instruments
are located at ground-based 2- to 10-m class telescopes around the world, in
addition to the spectrographs with unique capabilities available at the Hubble
Space Telescope. The interpretation of these spectra requires high-quality
transition data for numerous species, in particular neutral and singly ionized
atoms, and di- or triatomic molecules. We rely heavily on the continuous
efforts of laboratory astrophysics groups that produce and improve the relevant
experimental and theoretical atomic and molecular data. The compilation of the
best available data is facilitated by databases and electronic infrastructures
such as the NIST Atomic Spectra Database, the VALD database, or the Virtual
Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC). We illustrate the current status of
atomic data for optical stellar spectra with the example of the Gaia-ESO Public
Spectroscopic Survey. Data sources for 35 chemical elements were reviewed in an
effort to construct a line list for a homogeneous abundance analysis of up to
100000 stars.Comment: Published 30 April 2015 in Physica Script
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Relationships between implicit and explicit uncertainty monitoring and mindreading: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder
We examined performance on implicit (non-verbal) and explicit (verbal) uncertaintymonitoring tasks among neurotypical participants and participants with autism, while also testing mindreading abilities in both groups. We found that: (i) performance of autistic participants was unimpaired on the implicit uncertainty-monitoring task, while being significantly impaired on the explicit task; (ii) performance on the explicit task was correlated with performance on mindreading tasks in both groups, whereas performance on the implicit uncertainty-monitoring task was not; and (iii) performance on implicit and explicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks was not correlated. The results support the view that (a) explicit uncertainty-monitoring draws on the same cognitive faculty as mindreading whereas (b) implicit uncertainty-monitoring only test first-order decision making. These findings support the theory that metacognition and mindreading are underpinned by the same meta-representational faculty/resources, and that the implicit uncertainty-monitoring tasks that are frequently used with nonhuman animals fail to demonstrate the presence of metacognitive abilities
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