Heroism and Social reflection in the Screen Plays of Ramarajan

Screen plays are always dominant in the history of Tamil cinema. Commercially many movies faced failures and some songs of those movies became very successful. Screen play songs are usually formed according to each story and screenplays. Some songs captures the mind of people and it remains in their mind throughout their life. Not just the songs or music gets popular, the actors who acted in the songs also sometimes became very popular and attains high status. and for this, apart from the acting, the song's grand scenery and the social environment depicted in the story play a major role. Thus, in the 1980s in the Tamil film industry, actor Ramarajan earned the title of 'People's Hero'/'Village Hero' and star status through village background stories and screen play songs. Most of Ramarajan's stories are set in rural settings, and the characters of those films are folk singers and actors. In such films, the cultural rituals of the villages, other rituals, dialects, worship methods, natural environment, etc. are clearly visualized in the lyrics of the songs. Therefore, Tamil people also enjoyed and celebrated it easily. It is a fact that the success of a movie depends on people's support. This article briefly examines the social reflection and heroism of Ramarajan’s stories

Effectiveness of skill teaching methods for cut flower growers an experimental study

Training plays a major role in capacity building and enhancing the skills of farmers in their quest towards enhancing the agricultural production and productivity. Investment in Human Resource Development in the form of imparting adequate training of farmers, especially in the priority sectors such as floriculture, would help the farmers in upgrading their skills in the process of adopting ther improved technologies and thus preparing them to become effective players in the Global trade

Analysis of the Types and Pattern of uses and Control Rights over Multiple uses of Tank Irrigation System in South India

The study examines the property rights related to conservation and sustainable management of tank irrigation systems in South India. Tanks are a symbol of social and cultural entity closely woven in to the livelihood of the common man as it serves a multitude of functions such as irrigation, livestock, fisheries, duck rearing and domestic water supply as well. A study of the types, pattern of uses and control rights over Tank irrigation system is important for the sustainable management and conservation of tank irrigation systems. The research was carried out during 2007-09 by selecting one system tank and 31 non-system tanks drawn from eight tank-chains present in two tank intensive districts (Villupuram and Kancheepuram) of Tamil Nadu state, India. Case study was conducted in the system tank to collect data using Participatory Rural Appraisal PRA method. From each of the 31 non-system tanks, a random sample of key informants ranging 12 to 15 users (totalling 400) who depended on various tank resources was drawn from the 31 non-system tanks for data collection through PRA. The results on the performance of tanks in the light of its multiple uses (or physical resource use efficiency) indicated that agricultural use dominated in terms of its use share performance in absolute terms. Uses such as domestic, Live Stock Drinking (LSD) and fishery performed better next to agriculture. The intensity of property rights in terms of access, withdrawal, management, exclusion and alienation, for the five uses of tank namely irrigation, social forestry, silt, fishing and bund trees were found to be exercised by various groups of users at lower level in most of the tanks. The uses namely domestic, duck rearing, hard grass collection, LSD and brick making were found to be enjoyed by the users at higher level of intensity of PR by the respective user group. The intensity of property rights seems to be high for those uses with less number of users than for the uses like agriculture, fishery, Social Forestry, silt and bund trees wherein there were too many users with competition among them to enjoy the benefits of the resource. Hence existence of a strong users’ institution would facilitate the users to enjoy the property rights over the tank resources at a higher level in an appropriate manner

Effectiveness of selected training modules interms of knowledge gain among cut flower growers an experimental study

Training has become an integral part of Human Rcsource Development Any training module can be effective only when it is able to create suitable behavioural changes in the individual. Such training strategies and modules are needed in the agricultural sector in general and export-oriented crops in particular to enhance farm production and exports and thereby improve the socio-economic conditions of the farmers

Indigenous Tools Used in Sugarcane Farming Systems in South India

Indigenous tools have been in vogue from time immemorial. Indian agriculture has a rich repertoire of indigenous tools designed for different types of crops, each unique in design and functional qualities to aid the farmers in crop cultivation

An Overview of Electronic Waste as Aggregate in Concrete

Rapid growth of world population and widespread urbanization has remarkably increased the development of the construction industry which caused a huge demand for sand and gravels. Environmental problems occur when the rate of extraction of sand, gravels, and other materials exceeds the rate of generation of natural resources; therefore, an alternative source is essential to replace the materials used in concrete. Now-a-days, electronic products have become an integral part of daily life which provides more comfort, security, and ease of exchange of information. These electronic waste (E-Waste) materials have serious human health concerns and require extreme care in its disposal to avoid any adverse impacts. Disposal or dumping of these E-Wastes also causes major issues because it is highly complex to handle and often contains highly toxic chemicals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, beryllium, brominates flame retardants (BFRs), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and phosphorus compounds. Hence, E-Waste can be incorporated in concrete to make a sustainable environment. This paper deals with the composition, preparation, properties, classification of E-Waste. All these processes avoid dumping to landfills whilst conserving natural aggregate resources, and providing a better environmental option. This paper also provides a detailed literature review on the behaviour of concrete with incorporation of E-Wastes. Many research shows the strong possibility of using E-Waste as a substitute of aggregates eventually it reduces the use of natural aggregates in concrete

Development of a Reference Set of Sorghum (\u3cem\u3eSorghum\u3c/em\u3e spp.) for Cyanogenic Potential (HCN-p) and Evaluating Their Fodder Yield Traits

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) the fifth most important cereal crop of the world is also valued for its fodder and stover. In India, fodder sorghum is grown in 2.6 mha mainly in western UP, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Delhi and fulfils over two-third of the fodder demand. Sorghum has four desirable qualities viz., high dry matter yield, light, water and nitrogen use efficiency. Sorghum stover is valued over all other sources of fodder. Thus, sorghum is used as fodder to the domestic animals for its better performance. The projected demand for fodder in India in 2020 is expected to be 855 MT of green fodder, 526 MT of dry matter and 56 MT of concentrate feed (Dikshit and Birthal, 2010). In this perspective it is important to develop genotypes of high fodder yield and nutritive value. Cases of cyanide poisoning in animals feeding on sorghum forage have been reported in many parts of the country. HCN is absorbed into the blood stream very quickly and inhibits theanimal’s ability to deliver oxygen to tissue for cellular respiration. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, the minimum lethal blood concentration level for HCN is approximately 3.0 μg/ml or less. It is highly desirable that the toxicity of cyanogenic plants to livestock be reduced. This is achievable by selective breeding, screeningof germplasm for low-HCN-p, mutagenesis and genetic engineering. With this background, the present investigation was contemplated among sorghum germplasm accessions to develop a reference set for cyanogenic potential (HCN-p). These accessions were also evaluated for fodder yield traits and entries with low HCN-p and high biomass were identified

Time series modeling for forecasting the adoption behaviour of shrimp farmers

Commercial shrimp culture has emerged as a prominent sector of the coastal economy of India by virtue of the foreign exchange returns, rural employment it generates, and the economic viability of the enterprise and high market demand for the produce. The present study was conducted in Nellore and Nagapattinam districts a/India 10 forecast the adoption a/scientific technologies for a period of 17 years from 2004-2020, by the shrimp farmers using time series statistical modeling. The background data collected from 1997 to 2003 on the adoption behaviour of the farmers formed the database for predicting the adoption behaviour of the technologies. The study revealed that of the two statistical methods employed, namely Holt linear model and Holt exponential smoothing model, the goodness of fit generated by the Holt linear model with an R2 value 0/0.97 exhibited a higher degree of model adequacy over the Holt exponential smoothing model which revealed that in the years 2019 and 2020, the overall extent of adoption exceeded 100 percent which implies the development of new technologies by the research system and its subsequent adoption by the farmers. Besides factors such as changes in demography, demands in the export and local markets would motivate the shrimp fanners in future to adopt more of the improved technologies for getting higher yields

Effect of okra plant resistance on transmission rate of okra enation leaf curl virus by its vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age of the okra plants that showed varying whitefly resistance responses on the transmission rate of okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCV) by its vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci. The OELCV infected whitefly adults were collected from whitefly colonies and were challenged on the test okra accessions (Upl mona 2, Co 1, Arka anamika and AE 64) of differential ages which were individually caged (7, 10 and 15 d after germination) with glass chimney and the number of such whiteflies used were at the rate of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 20 adults per plant. Observations were made on the virus symptom expression 30 d after challenge. The efficiency of transmission was determined. The efficiency of transmission of OELCV was the highest (maximum T and P*, 0.80, 1.00 and 0.08, 0.10) when 7 d old seedlings were inoculated (Arka anamika and AE 64 respectively) and transmission had decreased as the age of seedlings increased. The estimated transmission rate for single whitefly (P*) increased with an increase in the number of whiteflies used per plant. Okra plant resistance to B. tabaci significantly changed the transmission rates of OELCV on okra. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of the okra accessions and interactions between plant viruses and their insect host can pave the way for novel approaches to protect plants from virus infection

Effect of Industrial Effluent on the Growth of Marine Diatom, Chaetoceros simplex (Ostenfeld, 1901)

The marine centric diatom,Chaetoceros simplex (Ostenfeld, 1901) was exposed to five different concentrations of industrial effluent for 96 hrs to investigate the effect on growth. The physico-chemical parameters viz. colour, odour, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, inorganic phosphate, total phosphorous, reactive  silicate, calcium and magnesium were estimated in the effluent. The Ammonia  (326 μg. L-1), Nitrite (19.53 μg. L-1) and Nitrate (471.4 μg. L-1) were observed at higher levels. About 50% of the cell density of C. simplex reached a lesser dilutions of effluent viz. 1:625 and 1:1250 than the control. The highest cell density (14.3 × 104 cell ml-1) was recorded in 1:10000 diluted effluent followed by control and the lowest cell density was observed in 1:625 diluted effluents. From the results, it is evidenced that the lower volume of effluent discharge into higher volume of water could not affect the growth rate of phytoplankton. It is more important that to reduce the effect of pollution and environmental sustainability. @JASEMJ. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. December, 2010, Vol. 14 (4) 35 - 3