O “SABIDO” E O “VIVIDO” CARIBENHOS: Métodos, ganhos e limites da literatura da crioulidade

O artigo analisa os métodos utilizados pelo movimento literário da Crioulidade para formular um conceito ontológico e explicativo da coletividade antilhana. Produto do pensamento, a literatura crioula encontra na expressão literária do real seu maior desafio. Escrever a cultura transformou-se numa verdadeira obsessão, em torno da qual gravitam todos os esforços literários do grupo. A dificuldade do projeto reside na associação da ficção, subcategoria do imaginário e do intelecto, ao “vivido” do cotidiano. Para diminuir a distância entre a ficção e o “vivido”, eles utilizam em sua literatura o que podemos chamar de “processos exemplares”, buscando maneiras de transmitir idéias abstratas na escritura sem abandonar completamente a experiência sensível da cultura.Palavras-chave: Crioulidade. Chamoiseau. ConfiantResumenEl articulo analiza los métodos utilizados por el movimiento literário de la Criollidad para formular um concepto ontológico y explicativo de la coletividad antilhana. Producto del pensamiento, la literatura criolla encuentra en la expresion literaria de lo real su mayor desafio. Escrivir la cultura transformase en una verdadera obsesion, en torno de la cual gravitan todos los esfuerzos literarios del grupo. La dificuldad del projecto reside en la associacion de la ficcion, subcategoria Del imaginario y del intelecto, a lo “vivido” del cotidiano. Para disminuir La distância entre la ficção y lo “vivido”, ellos utilizan en su literatura lo que podemos llamar de “processos ejemplares”, buscando maneias de trasmitir ideas abstractas en la escritura sin abandonar completamente la experiencia sensíble de la cultura.Palabras claves: Crioullidad. Chamoiseau. ConfiantAbstractThe article analyzes the methods used by the literary movement of Creoleness to formulate an ontological and explanatory concept of Caribbean collectivity. Product of thought, Creole literature finds in the written expression of reality its greatest challenge. Writing about culture became to them a true obsession, around which all the literary efforts of the group gravitate. The difficulty of their project resides in the association of fiction, sub-category of the imaginary and the intellect, with daily “lived” experience. To diminish the distance between fiction and “lived” experience, they practice in their literature what we might call “exemplary processes”, looking for ways of conveying, through writing, abstract ideas, without completely abandoning the sensible experience of the culture.Keywords: Creoleness. Chamoiseau. Confian

Estrutura populacional, produção e biometria de frutos e sementes de Castanha-do-brasil (Berthollétia excelsa Bonpl.) na RESEX Rio Cajarí no sul do Estado do Amapá.

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Conhecimento ecológico local: o apaiari (Astronotus ocellatus, Agassiz 1831) na região dos lagos do município de Pracuúba, Amapá.

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Assessing the impact of climate change on the worldwide distribution of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) using MaxEnt

For the first time, a model was applied at the global scale in order to investigate the effects of climate change on Dalbulus maidis. D. maidis is the main vector of three plant pathogens of maize crops and has been reported as one of the most important maize pests in Latin America. We modeled the effects of climate change on this pest using three Global Climate Models under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) using the MaxEnt software. Overall, climate change will lead to a decrease in the suitable areas for D. maidis. In South America, climate change will decrease the areas that are suitable for the pest, especially in Brazil. However, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela will have small areas that are highly suitable for the corn leafhopper. Outside of the pest’s range, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa also should be concerned about the risk of corn leafhopper invasions in the future since they are projected to have highly suitable conditions for this insect in some areas. This study will allow the relevant countries to increase their quarantine measures and guide researchers to develop new Z. mays varieties that are resistant or tolerant to D. maidis. In addition, the maize‐stunting pathogens for the areas are highlighted in this modeling

Control failure likelihood and spatial dependence of insecticide resistance in the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta

Insecticide resistance is a likely cause of field control failures of Tuta absoluta, but the subject has been little studied. Therefore, resistance to ten insecticides was surveyed in seven representative field populations of this species. The likelihood of control failures was assessed, as well as weather influence and the spatial dependence of insecticide resistance. No resistance or only low resistance levels were observed for pyrethroids (bifenthrin and permethrin), abamectin, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis and the mixture deltamethrin + triazophos (<12.5-fold). In contrast, indoxacarb exhibited moderate levels of resistance (up to 27.5-fold), and chitin synthesis inhibitors exhibited moderate to high levels of resistance (up to 222.3-fold). Evidence of control failures was obtained for bifenthrin, permethrin, diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron and B. thuringiensis. Weather conditions favour resistance to some insecticides, and spatial dependence was observed only for bifenthrin and permethrin. Insecticide resistance in field populations of the tomato pinworm prevails for the insecticides nowadays most frequently used against them – the chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, triflumuron and teflubenzuron). Local selection favoured by weather conditions and dispersal seem important for pyrethroid resistance evolution among Brazilian populations of T. absoluta and should be considered in designing pest management programmes

Toxicity and sublethal effects of phthalides analogs to Rhyzopertha dominica

Phthalides and their precursors have demonstrated a large variety of biological activities. Eighteen phthalides were synthesized and tested on the stored grain pest Rhyzopertha dominica. In the screening bioassay, compounds rac‐(2R,2aS,4R,4aS,6aR,6bS,7R)‐7‐bromohexahydro‐2,4‐methano‐1,6‐dioxacyclopenta[cd]pentalen‐5(2H)‐one (15) and rac‐(3R,3aR,4R,7S,7aS)‐3‐(propan‐2‐yloxy)hexahydro‐4,7‐methano‐2‐benzofuran‐1(3H)‐one (17) showed mortality similar to the commercial insecticide, Bifenthrin® (≥90 %). The time (LT50) and dose (LD50) necessary to kill 50 % of the R. dominica population were determined for the most efficacious phthalides 15 and 17. Compound 15 presented the lowest LD50 (1.97 μg g−1), being four times more toxic than Bifenthrin® (LD50=9.11 μg g−1). Both compounds presented an LT50 value equal to 24 h. When applied at a sublethal dose, both phthalides (especially compound 15), reduced the emergence of the first progeny of R. dominica. These findings highlight the potential of phthalides 15 and 17 as precursors for the development of insecticides for R. dominica control