Point sets that minimize (≤k)(\le k)-edges, 3-decomposable drawings, and the rectilinear crossing number of K30K_{30}

There are two properties shared by all known crossing-minimizing geometric drawings of $K_n$, for $n$ a multiple of 3. First, the underlying $n$-point set of these drawings has exactly $3\binom{k+2}{2}$ $(\le k)$-edges, for all $0\le k < n/3$. Second, all such drawings have the $n$ points divided into three groups of equal size; this last property is captured under the concept of 3-decomposability. In this paper we show that these properties are tightly related: every $n$-point set with exactly $3\binom{k+2}{2}$ $(\le k)$-edges for all $0\le k < n/3$, is 3-decomposable. As an application, we prove that the rectilinear crossing number of $K_{30}$ is 9726.Comment: 14 page

Optimization of the call center service in the company Atento Colombia through the inclusion of added Internet services

El presente trabajo de investigación se ocupa de la optimización del servicio del Call Center en la empresa Atento Colombia a través de la inclusión de servicios agregados de Internet. Su objetivo fundamental es justamente determinar los servicios agregados de Internet que permiten optimizar ese servicio y se trabaja en torno a la pregunta: ¿Qué servicios agregados de Internet, permiten optimizar el servicio de Call Center en la empresa Atento Colombia?. Con la resolución de este cuestionamiento se aportan los servicios básicos que optimizaran el Internet Call Center de Atento Colombia, con lo cual se ayuda a que Atento Colombia cree una ventaja competitiva frente a las otras empresas que ofrecen los mismos servicios en el mercado. Las etapas que siguió la elaboración de este trabajo de grado tienen íntima relación con el método elegido, en primer lugar, se ha efectuado el planteamiento de la problemática y su correspondiente descripción y formulación, con los objetivos propios de la investigación, acto seguido, a modo de justificación, se ha efectuado una reflexión en torno de los móviles que soportan esta investigación y la importancia de llevarla a cabo. Se realiza, luego un marco referencial, dividido para este efecto en marco teórico, marco contextual y marco conceptual, las etapas subsiguientes se derivan de los objetivos inicialmente planteados. La investigación difiere según como se realice. De acuerdo con las características de investigación que requiere este trabajo, se ha determinado realizar un tipo de investigación cualitativo, ya que esta nos permite hacer una descripción verbal o explicación del fenómeno estudiado, su esencia, naturaleza y su comportamiento. Adicionalmente, se aplicaron técnicas de recolección de información cualitativa como: Observación de aspectos relevantes y encuestas focalizadas en un tema. En la etapa de compilación de información se procedió a realizar una encuesta en el tema de Internet Call Center a un población muestra de cincuenta personas en el Call Center de Atento Colombia, sus resultados mostraron que es posible llevar a cabo este servicio en la empresa pero que se requiere de manera urgente una preparación técnica entre los empleados y un ajuste tecnológico, junto con la comparación diferente a otros servicios similares en el mundo que lleve a Atento Colombia a niveles de competitividad en este servicio. En la ultima etapa se realizó una discusión de resultados que da cuenta de los objetivos logrados dentro del proceso de la investigación se concluyó y se recomendó de acuerdo con el procedimiento efectuado.Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey ITESMINTRODUCCIÓN 16 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 21 1.1. DESCRIPCIÓN 21 1.2. FORMULACIÓN 24 1.3. OBJETIVOS 24 1.3.1. General 24 1.3.2. Específicos 25 1.4. JUSTIFICACIÓN 25 2. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 27 2.1. MARCO TEÓRICO 27 2.1.1. El Call Center 30 2.1.1.1 Recursos tecnológicos de un Call Center 32 2.1.1.2 Servicios de un Call Center 35 2.1.1.3 Mercado colombiano de la industria de Call Center 37 2.1.1.4. Análisis de la industria de Call Center de forma 48 diferenciada: valor agregado 2.1.2 De los Call Center tradicionales a los Internet Call 50 center 2.1.2.1. Comparación de internet call center vs. Call Center 53 2.1.2.2. Internet Call Center 54 2.1.2.3. Ventajas del Internet Call Center – ICC 55 2.1.2.4. Debilidades de Internet Call Center 57 2.1.2.5. Mercado del Internet Call Center 57 2.1.2.6. ¿Empresas puramente virtuales (Dot Com) o 61 empresas puramente reales de cemento (Brick & Mortar)? 2.1.2.7. El mercado financiero 62 2.1.3. Ventajas competitivas de colombia frente a otros países latinoamericanos para servicios de Internet Call Center 67 2.1.4 Pacto de Internet en las compañías: como entrar en la web 69 2.1.4.1 Importancia de Internet 73 2.1.4.2. Crecimiento de Internet en el mundo 74 2.1.4.3. Desempeño de Internet en Latinoamérica 75 2.1.4.4. Desarrollo del mercado de Internet en Colombia 77 2.1.4.5. Como se conectan a Internet en Colombia 79 2.1.4.6. Trafico de Internet en Colombia 80 2.1.4.7. Barreras para la masificación de Internet en Colombia 81 2.1.4.8. Para que se utiliza el Internet en Colombia 84 2.1.5. OUTSOURCING COMO CONCEPTO 85 2.1.5.1. Valor estratégico de un Outsourcing 86 2.1.5.2 Outsourcing tecnológico 86 2.1.5.3 Oportunidades de Outsourcing tecnológico 87 2.1.5.4 ventajas de realizar Outsourcing en “Call Center”. 88 2.2. MARCO CONTEXTUAL 90 2.3. MARCO CONCEPTUAL 96 3. METODOLOGÍA 98 3.1. TIPO DE ESTUDIO 98 3.2 PROCEDIMIENTO DE RECOLECCIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN 99 3.3. POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA 100 3.4 TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS 100 3.5 PLAN DE ANÁLISIS 101 4. ANÁLISIS DE INTERPRETACIÓN DE RESULTADOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 101 4.1 CONCEPTO DE INTERNET CALL CENTER 102 4.2 CONOCIMIENTO DE SERVICIOS AGREGADOS DE INTERNET CALL CENTER 103 4.3 EL NUEVO SERVICIO DE INTERNET CALL CENTER Y AGILIZACIÓN LA ATENCIÓN AL CLIENTE DE LA EMPRESA ATENTO COLOMBIA. 104 4.4 CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE EMPRESAS QUE MANEJE EL INTERNET CALL CENTER EN: 105 4.5 AUMENTO DE COMPETITIVIDAD DE LA EMPRESA ATENTO COLOMBIA. 106 4.6 QUE SERVICIO A PRESTAR PREFERIDO POR LOS EMPLEADOS EN EL FUTURO 107 4.7 SATISFACCIÓN Y AUMENTO DEL FLUJO DE CLIENTES. 109 4.8 CONDICIONES DE RECURSO HUMANO DE LA EMPRESA ATENTO COLOMBIA. 110 4.9 CONDICIONES ECONÓMICAS DE LA EMPRESA ATENTO COLOMBIA 111 4.10 CONDICIONES TECNOLÓGICAS DE LA EMPRESA ATENTO COLOMBIA. 112 4.11 CONDICIONES Y SERVICIOS GENERALES DE ATENTO COLOMBIA 112 CONCLUSIONES 128 RECOMENDACIONES 129 ANEXO 1 130 ANEXO 2 131 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 132MaestríaThis research work deals with the optimization of the Call Center service in the company Atento Colombia through the inclusion of added Internet services. Its fundamental objective is precisely to determine the Internet aggregate services that allow optimizing that service and it works around the question: What Internet aggregate services allow the optimization of the Call Center service in the company Atento Colombia ?. With the resolution of this question, the basic services that will optimize the Internet Call Center of Atento Colombia are provided, thereby helping Atento Colombia to create a competitive advantage over other companies that offer the same services in the market. The stages that followed the elaboration of this degree work are closely related to the chosen method, in the first place, the approach of the problem and its corresponding description and formulation have been carried out, with the objectives of the investigation, immediately afterwards, to By way of justification, a reflection has been made about the motives that support this research and the importance of carrying it out. A referential framework is then made, divided for this purpose into a theoretical framework, contextual framework and conceptual framework, the subsequent stages are derived from the initially proposed objectives. Research differs depending on how it is done. In accordance with the research characteristics that this work requires, it has been determined to carry out a qualitative type of research, since this allows us to make a verbal description or explanation of the studied phenomenon, its essence, nature and behavior. Additionally, They applied qualitative information gathering techniques such as: Observation of relevant aspects and surveys focused on a topic. In the information compilation stage, a survey was carried out on the subject of Internet Call Center to a sample population of fifty people in the Call Center of Atento Colombia, its results showed that it is possible to carry out this service in the company but that a technical preparation among the employees and a technological adjustment are urgently required, together with the different comparison to other similar services in the world that leads Atento Colombia to competitive levels in this service. In the last stage, a discussion of results was carried out that accounts for the objectives achieved within the research process, it was concluded and it was recommended according to the procedure carried out.Modalidad Presencia

Smartphone overuse, depression & anxiety in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic

"Introduction Medical students have made particular use of smartphones during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although higher smartphone overuse has been observed, its effect on mental disorders is unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between smartphone overuse and mental disorders in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 370 students aged between 16 and 41 years (median age: 20) in three universities from July to October 2020. A survey including Smartphone Dependence and Addiction Scale, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 was applied. Prevalence ratios were estimated using generalized linear models. Results Smartphone overuse was a common feature among students (n = 291, 79%). Depressive symptoms were present in 290 (78%) students and anxiety symptoms in 255 (69%). Adjusted for confounders, addictive/dependent smartphone use was significantly associated with presence of depressive symptoms (PR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.20–1.38 for dependent use; PR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.50 for addictive use). Also, addictive/dependent smartphone use was significantly associated with presence of anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.23 for dependent use; PR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07–2.41 for addictive use). Conclusions Our findings suggest that medical students exposed to smartphone overuse are vulnerable to mental disorders. Overuse may reflect an inappropriate way of finding emotional relief, which may significantly affect quality of life and academic performance. Findings would assist faculties to establish effective measures for prevention of smartphone overuse.

miR-146a rs2431697 identifies myeloproliferative neoplasm patients with higher secondary myelofibrosis progression risk

Myelofibrosis (MF) occurs as part of the natural history of polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), and remarkably shortens survival. Although JAK2V617F and CALR allele burden are the main transformation risk factors, inflammation plays a critical role by driving clonal expansion toward end-stage disease. NF-κB is a key mediator of inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. Here, we explored the involvement of miR-146a, a brake in NF-κB signaling, in MPN susceptibility and progression. rs2910164 and rs2431697, that affect miR-146a expression, were analyzed in 967 MPN (320 PV/333 ET/314 MF) patients and 600 controls. We found that rs2431697 TT genotype was associated with MF, particularly with post-PV/ET MF (HR = 1.5; p < 0.05). Among 232 PV/ET patients (follow-up time=8.5 years), 18 (7.8%) progressed to MF, being MF-free-survival shorter for rs2431697 TT than CC + CT patients (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified TT genotype as independent predictor of MF progression. In addition, TT (vs. CC + CT) patients showed increased plasma inflammatory cytokines. Finally, miR-146a−/− mice showed significantly higher Stat3 activity with aging, parallel to the development of the MF-like phenotype. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rs2431697 TT genotype is an early predictor of MF progression independent of the JAK2V617F allele burden. Low levels of miR-146a contribute to the MF phenotype by increasing Stat3 signaling

Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth

The unexpectedly high flux of cosmic ray positrons detected at Earth may originate from nearby astrophysical sources, dark matter, or unknown processes of cosmic-ray secondary production. We report the detection, using the HighAltitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC), of extended tera-electron volt gamma-ray emission coincident with the locations of two nearby middle-aged pulsars (Geminga and PSR B0656+14). The HAWC observations demonstrate that these pulsars are indeed local sources of accelerated leptons, but the measured tera-electron volt emission profile constrains the diffusion of particles away from these sources to be much slower than previously assumed. We demonstrate that the leptons emitted by these objects are therefore unlikely to be the origin of the excess positrons, which may have a more exotic origin.Comment: 16 pages (including supplementary material), 5 figure

VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B.Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaboro

Autoantibodies against the immunodominant sCha epitope discriminate the risk of sudden death in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy

In Chagas disease (ChD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, new biomarkers to predict chronic cardiac pathology are urgently needed. Previous studies in chagasic patients with mild symptomatology showed that antibodies against the immunodominant R3 epitope of sCha, a fragment of the human basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor like 5, correlated with cardiac pathology. To validate sCha as a biomarker and to understand the origin of anti-sCha antibodies, we conducted a multicenter study with several cohorts of chagasic patients with severe cardiac symptomatology. We found that levels of antibodies against sCha discriminated the high risk of sudden death, indicating they could be useful for ChD prognosis. We investigated the origin of the antibodies and performed an alanine scan of the R3 epitope. We identified a minimal epitope MRQLD, and a BLAST search retrieved several T. cruzi antigens. Five of the hits had known or putative functions, of which phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase showed the highest cross-reactivity with sCha, confirming the role of molecular mimicry in the development of anti-sCha antibodies. Altogether, we demonstrate that the development of antibodies against sCha, which originated by molecular mimicry with T. cruzi antigens, could discriminate electrocardiographic alterations associated with a high risk of sudden death.Ministerio de Economía y competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (SAF2015-63868-R (MINECO/FEDER) to N.G., and SAF2016-75988-R (MINECO/FEDER) to M.F.); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PGC2018-096132-BI00 (MICINN/FEDER) to N.G.); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Banco de Santander Inter-University Cooperation Grant with Latin América (CEAL-AL/2015-12 to N.G.); Red de Investigación de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET RD12/0018/0004 to M.F.); and Comunidad de Madrid (S-2010/BMD-2332 to M.F.). CBMSO institutional grants from Fundación Ramón Areces and Banco de Santande

Frequency and management of maternal infection in health facilities in 52 countries (GLOSS): a 1-week inception cohort study

Background: Maternal infections are an important cause of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity. We report the main findings of the WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study, which aimed to assess the frequency of maternal infections in health facilities, according to maternal characteristics and outcomes, and coverage of core practices for early identification and management. Methods: We did a facility-based, prospective, 1-week inception cohort study in 713 health facilities providing obstetric, midwifery, or abortion care, or where women could be admitted because of complications of pregnancy, childbirth, post-partum, or post-abortion, in 52 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). We obtained data from hospital records for all pregnant or recently pregnant women hospitalised with suspected or confirmed infection. We calculated ratios of infection and infection-related severe maternal outcomes (ie, death or near-miss) per 1000 livebirths and the proportion of intrahospital fatalities across country income groups, as well as the distribution of demographic, obstetric, clinical characteristics and outcomes, and coverage of a set of core practices for identification and management across infection severity groups. Findings: Between Nov 28, 2017, and Dec 4, 2017, of 2965 women assessed for eligibility, 2850 pregnant or recently pregnant women with suspected or confirmed infection were included. 70·4 (95% CI 67·7–73·1) hospitalised women per 1000 livebirths had a maternal infection, and 10·9 (9·8–12·0) women per 1000 livebirths presented with infection-related (underlying or contributing cause) severe maternal outcomes. Highest ratios were observed in LMICs and the lowest in HICs. The proportion of intrahospital fatalities was 6·8% among women with severe maternal outcomes, with the highest proportion in low-income countries. Infection-related maternal deaths represented more than half of the intrahospital deaths. Around two-thirds (63·9%, n=1821) of the women had a complete set of vital signs recorded, or received antimicrobials the day of suspicion or diagnosis of the infection (70·2%, n=1875), without marked differences across severity groups. Interpretation: The frequency of maternal infections requiring management in health facilities is high. Our results suggest that contribution of direct (obstetric) and indirect (non-obstetric) infections to overall maternal deaths is greater than previously thought. Improvement of early identification is urgently needed, as well as prompt management of women with infections in health facilities by implementing effective evidence-based practices.Fil: Althabe, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Espinoza, Marisa Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Pasquale, Julia. No especifíca;Fil: Hernández Muñoz, Rosalinda. No especifíca;Fil: Carvajal, Javier. No especifíca;Fil: Escobar, María Fernanda. No especifíca;Fil: Cecatti, José Guilherme. No especifíca;Fil: Ribeiro Do Valle, Carolina C.. No especifíca;Fil: Mereci, Wilson. No especifíca;Fil: Vélez, Paola. No especifíca;Fil: Pérez, Aquilino M.. No especifíca;Fil: Vitureira, Gerardo. No especifíca;Fil: Leroy, Charlotte. No especifíca;Fil: Roelens, Kristien. No especifíca;Fil: Vandenberghe, Griet. No especifíca;Fil: Aguemon, Christiane Tshabu. No especifíca;Fil: Cisse, Kadari. No especifíca;Fil: Ouedraogo, Henri Gautier. No especifíca;Fil: Kannitha, Cheang. No especifíca;Fil: Rathavy, Tung. No especifíca;Fil: Tebeu, Pierre Marie. No especifíca;Fil: Bustillo, Carolina. No especifíca;Fil: Bredy, Lara. No especifíca;Fil: Herrera Maldonado, Nazarea. No especifíca;Fil: Abdosh, Abdulfetah Abdulkadir. No especifíca;Fil: Teklu, Alula M.. No especifíca;Fil: Kassa, Dawit Worku. No especifíca;Fil: Kumar, Vijay. No especifíca;Fil: Suri, Vanita. No especifíca;Fil: Trikha, Sonia. No especifíca