Analysis of boundary conditions for crystal defect atomistic simulations

International audienceNumerical simulations of crystal defects are necessarily restricted to finite computational domains, supplying artificial boundary conditions that emulate the effect of embedding the defect in an effectively infinite crystalline environment. This work develops a rigorous framework within which the accuracy of different types of boundary conditions can be precisely assessed. We formulate the equilibration of crystal defects as variational problems in a discrete energy space and establish qualitatively sharp regularity estimates for minimisers. Using this foundation we then present rigorous error estimates for (i) a truncation method (Dirichlet boundary conditions), (ii) periodic boundary conditions, (iii) boundary conditions from linear elasticity, and (iv) boundary conditions from nonlinear elasticity. Numerical results confirm the sharpness of the analysis

On the relationship between residual zonal flows and bump-on tail saturated instabilities

A connection is established between two classical problems: the non linear saturation of a bump-on tail instability in collisionless regime, and the decay of a zonal flow towards a finite amplitude residual. Reasons for this connection are given and commented

Reference procedures for the measurement of gaseous emissions from livestock houses and stores of animal manure.

In the ten years before the EMILI 2012 symposium, gaseous losses from animal farms became increasingly important in the m edia. The paradox of this tendency was the great number of publications, scientific or not, even though the emissions of most animal farms had never been measured. Therefor e, the development of reference tools to measure greenhouse gas and ammonia emissio ns was important. Such tools allow recognition and remuneration of the best pract ices and equipment. Accordingly, ADEME funded an international project associating several research and development organizations involved with the animal production chain. The project proposed an initial set of 18 procedures to measure ammonia and greenho use gas emissions from animal houses and manure stores. These were adapted to the diversity of animal farms found throughout the world. Some methods were compared duri ng a ?building? and a ?liquid manure? experiment. Results showed a high difference among methods (ca. 80%), much higher than the estimated uncertainty. Associat ing independent emission measurements, together with a mass balance of the system, is necessary for the reliability of further results. However, previously published references lack uncertainty estimates of measurements that conform to GUM 2008. In the coming years, this is one of the major concerns for measuring emission factor s. Uncertainty estimates should depend on the measurand (temporal: hourly, per batch, yearly; spatial: animal, house, national) and include the uncertainties associated with system representativity and temporal interpolation.Edited by Mélynda Hassouna and Nadine Guingand

Contribution of kinetic electrons to GAM damping

This paper presents a calculation of the contribution of electrons to GAM damping. It appears that this contribution is usually not negligible due to a resonance between barely trapped/passing electrons bounce/transit frequency and the mode pulsation

Characterization of roll bite heat transfers in hot steel strip rolling and their influence on roll thermal fatigue degradation

A temperature sensor with a thermocouple placed at ~0.5 mm from roll surface is used in hot rolling conditions to evaluate by inverse calculation heat transfers in the roll bite. Simulation analysis under industrial hot rolling conditions with short contact lengths (e.g. short contact times) and high rolling speeds (7 m./sec.) show that the temperature sensor + inverse analysis with a high acquisition frequency (> 1000 Hz) is capable to predict accurately (5 to 10 % error) the roll bite peak of temperature as well as the roll surface temperature evolution all around the roll rotation. However as heat flux is more sensitive to noise measurement, the peak of heat flux in the bite is under-estimated (20 % error) by the inverse calculation and thus the average roll bite heat flux is also interesting information from the sensor (these simulation results will be verified with an industrial trial that is being prepared). Rolling tests on a pilot mill with low rolling speeds (from 0.3 to 1.5 m./sec.) and strip reductions varying from 10 to 40 % have been performed with the temperature sensor. Analysis of the tests by inverse calculation show that at low speed (<0.5 m./sec.) and large contact lengths (reduction: 30 to 40%), the roll bite peak of heat flux reconstructed by inverse calculation is correct. At higher speeds (1.5 m./sec.) and smaller contact lengths (reduction: 10-20%), th

Impact of poloidal convective cells on momentum flux in tokamaks

International audienceRadial fluxes of parallel momentum due to E × B and curvature (and B) drifts are shown to be correlated in tokamak plasmas. This correlation comes from the onset of poloidal convective cells generated by turbulence. The entire process requires a symmetry breaking mechanism, e.g. a mean shear flow. An analytical calculation shows that anti-correlation between the poloidal and parallel components of the turbulent Reynolds stress results in anti-correlation of the fluxes of parallel momentum generated by E × B and curvature drifts

Self-consistent gyrokinetic modeling of neoclassical and turbulent impurity transport

International audienceTrace impurity transport is studied with the flux-driven gyrokinetic GYSELA code [V. Grandgirard et al., Comp. Phys. Commun. 207, 35 (2016)]. A reduced and linearized multi-species collision operator has been recently implemented, so that both neoclassical and turbulent transport channels can be treated self-consistently on an equal footing. In the Pfirsch-Schlüter regime likely relevant for tungsten, the standard expression of the neoclassical impurity flux is shown to be recovered from gyrokinetics with the employed collision operator. Purely neoclassical simulations of deuterium plasma with trace impurities of helium, carbon and tungsten lead to impurity diffusion coefficients, inward pinch velocities due to density peaking, and thermo-diffusion terms which quantitatively agree with neoclassical predictions and NEO simulations [E. Belli et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 54, 015015 (2012)]. The thermal screening factor appears to be less than predicted analytically in the Pfirsch-Schlüter regime, which can be detrimental to fusion performance. Finally, self-consistent nonlinear simulations have revealed that the tungsten impurity flux is not the sum of turbulent and neoclassical fluxes computed separately, as usually assumed. The synergy partly results from the turbulence-driven in-out poloidal asymmetry of tungsten density. This result puts forward the need for self-consistent simulations of impurity transport, i.e. including both turbulence and neoclassical physics, in view of quantitative predictions for ITER