Aneurysms of the intracranial segment of the ophthalmic artery trunk. case report and systematic literature review

Aneurysms arising from the ophthalmic artery trunk (OAT) are very rare, particularly in the artery's intracranial course. The onset of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from a ruptured OAT aneurysm in this segment is extremely rare. We present a case and discuss the anatomy, clinical significance, and therapeutic options for an aneurysm at this site. We also retrospectively analyzed the record of a patient with a ruptured aneurysm of the intracranial segment of the OAT and conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the PubMed and Scopus databases for literature on this pathology. Only one case report of SAH from an aneurysm of the intracranial segment of the OAT was published in the literature. Only in our case was the intracranial OAT segment aneurysm discovered in the acute phase of SAH. Conventional angiography with three-dimensional acquisition may help detect aneurysms at this level. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the OAT is of paramount importance for both surgical and endovascular approaches. Surgical treatment is complex because of difficulties in accessing the orbital region and the risk of optic nerve and vascular injuries. Endovascular treatment, when feasible, could be a good alternative to reduce the risk of loss of vision related to surgical manipulation

Nonequilibrium dynamics of a stochastic model of anomalous heat transport: numerical analysis

We study heat transport in a chain of harmonic oscillators with random elastic collisions between nearest-neighbours. The equations of motion of the covariance matrix are numerically solved for free and fixed boundary conditions. In the thermodynamic limit, the shape of the temperature profile and the value of the stationary heat flux depend on the choice of boundary conditions. For free boundary conditions, they also depend on the coupling strength with the heat baths. Moreover, we find a strong violation of local equilibrium at the chain edges that determine two boundary layers of size $\sqrt{N}$ (where $N$ is the chain length), that are characterized by a different scaling behaviour from the bulk. Finally, we investigate the relaxation towards the stationary state, finding two long time scales: the first corresponds to the relaxation of the hydrodynamic modes; the second is a manifestation of the finiteness of the system.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Physics A, Mathematical and Theoretica

Localization of volatile acidity reducing factors in grape

Must clarification processes cause an increase in the acetate content of wine at the end of the alcoholic fermatation process, this phenomenon being particularly noticeable when fermentation is obtained by means of the so-called 'high acetate-producer' yeast strains. The influence of different must fractions (free run juice, pressed juice, skins and seeds) on acetate production in white grape was investigated, and the addition of skins and and seeds to a synthetic nutritive medium (MNS) was seen to cause a considerable reduction in acetate production. Strain-related differences become evident when the grape bunch is subjected to heat shock (90°C) before musting. In such conditions, acetate content after fermentation is approximately the same as that of the control specimen (not heat treated) for the low acetate-producer strain (S191c) and higher for the high producer strain (S22b). This suggests the presence of some thermolabile factor that is responsible for inhibiting acetate production. In order to determine the chemical nature of this factor, a series of tests was performed on two substances contained in grape skins and seeds, i.e., polyphenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids. A reduction in acetate production was observed in the presence of both substances, their effect being greater when used in connection with high acetate-producer yeast strains

Flora Fanerogâmica Do Parque Estadual Da Serra Do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Begoniaceae

A taxonomic survey for Begoniaceae occurring in the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (PESB), Minas Gerais, Brazil is presented in this study. Ten species of Begoniaceae were found at the park, all of them belonging to Begonia: B. altamiroi, B. angulata, B. convolvulacea, B. cucullata, B. fischeri, B. fruticosa, B. hugelii, B. integerrima, B. luxurians and B. riedelii, mainly distinguished by features of habit, by the general aspect of leaf blades, and indument. Of the total, eight species are endemic to Brazil, whilst seven are endemic from the Atlantic Forest. The study was based on bibliographic review, consults to the main Brazilian herbaria, and field observation. Descriptions, illustrations, and comments are also presented for each species.67489390

Production of benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid by yeasts and Botrytis cinerea isolated from grape musts and wines

The capacity of 100 yeast strains - isolated from grape musts and wines from the Istituto Sperimentale per l'Enologia collection - to produce benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid was verified by inoculation into a synthetic nutrient medium (MNS). Schizosaccharomyces and Zygosaccharomyces were strongest in producing benzaldehyde (maximal amount found 1200 µg/l) and benzyl alcohol (maximally 523 µg/l). Zygosaccharomyces was also most effective in the production of benzoic acid (maximally 536 µg/l), followed by Saccharomyces, Cryptococcus, Kloeckera and Torulaspora. The hypothesis was verified that yeasts can be an exogenous source of the benzyl alcohol oxidizing enzyme in grape musts and wines. Wine yeast strains of Saccharomyces spp., Zygosaccharomyces spp. and Schizosaccharomyces spp. fermenting MNS containing 150 g/l glucose, with benzyl alcohol added, transformed this into benzoic acid only when glucose was disappearing, but not into benzaldehyde. No difference was observed between aerobic and anaerobic fermentation conditions. The uptake of benzyl alcohol was rapid in fermentation essays in presence of only 10 g/l glucose and in assimilation essais performed in yeast nitrogen base broth with assimilable carbon compounds added. A catabolic repression by glucose appears likely. Botrytis cinerea was able to transform benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde and benzoic acid on Czapek-Dox broth with 30 g/l sucrose added. Benzyl alcohol was transformed by wine yeasts into benzoic acid when the concentration of glucose in the mineral medium was less than 10 g/l, but no production of benzaldehyde was observed. A catabolic repression of this transformation by glucose is likely. Botrytis cinerea was able to produce benzaldehyde in a mineral medium with benzyl alcohol and sucrose added

Simulation of heat transport in low-dimensional oscillator lattices

The study of heat transport in low-dimensional oscillator lattices presents a formidable challenge. Theoretical efforts have been made trying to reveal the underlying mechanism of diversified heat transport behaviors. In lack of a unified rigorous treatment, approximate theories often may embody controversial predictions. It is therefore of ultimate importance that one can rely on numerical simulations in the investigation of heat transfer processes in low-dimensional lattices. The simulation of heat transport using the non-equilibrium heat bath method and the Green-Kubo method will be introduced. It is found that one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) momentum-conserving nonlinear lattices display power-law divergent, logarithmic divergent and constant thermal conductivities, respectively. Next, a novel diffusion method is also introduced. The heat diffusion theory connects the energy diffusion and heat conduction in a straightforward manner. This enables one to use the diffusion method to investigate the objective of heat transport. In addition, it contains fundamental information about the heat transport process which cannot readily be gathered otherwise.Comment: Article published in: Thermal transport in low dimensions: From statistical physics to nanoscale heat transfer, S. Lepri, ed. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 921, pp. 239 - 274, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (2016

Nonequilibrium Green's function method for thermal transport in junctions

We present a detailed treatment of the nonequilibrium Green's function method for thermal transport due to atomic vibrations in nanostructures. Some of the key equations, such as self-energy and conductance with nonlinear effect, are derived. A self-consistent mean-field theory is proposed. Computational procedures are discussed. The method is applied to a number of systems including one-dimensional chains, a benzene ring junction, and carbon nanotubes. Mean-field calculations of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model are compared with classical molecular dynamics simulations. We find that nonlinearity suppresses thermal transport even at moderately high temperatures.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure

A stochastic model of anomalous heat transport: analytical solution of the steady state

We consider a one-dimensional harmonic crystal with conservative noise, in contact with two stochastic Langevin heat baths at different temperatures. The noise term consists of collisions between neighbouring oscillators that exchange their momenta, with a rate $\gamma$. The stationary equations for the covariance matrix are exactly solved in the thermodynamic limit ($N\to\infty$). In particular, we derive an analytical expression for the temperature profile, which turns out to be independent of $\gamma$. Moreover, we obtain an exact expression for the leading term of the energy current, which scales as $1/\sqrt{\gamma N}$. Our theoretical results are finally found to be consistent with the numerical solutions of the covariance matrix for finite $N$.Comment: Minor changes in the text. To appear in Journal of Physics

Sociologia da infância e relaçõeS internacionaiS: diálogos possíveis

A infância é um fenômeno social dentro de um ordenamento social, cultural e jurídico, demarcado por categorias como socialização, gênero, classe, etnia/raça e geração. Falar em participação ou em direitos da criança, que também ocorrem dentro de um ordenamento social específico, é dar conta de um processo socialmente construído. Este artigo busca compreender como ocorre a participação social das crianças em um cenário internacional permeado pela globalização, no qual, muitas vezes, as condições de gênero, classe, geração e raça definem modos de participação infantil bastante diversificados. Seu objetivo é analisar como o tema da participação social infantil está presente nos relatórios internacionais organizados pelo Unicef nos anos de 2003 e 2009 e da observação de referências sobre a participação infantil no meio internacional, a fim de estabelecer um diálogo entre as Relações Internacionais(RI) e a Sociologia da Infância (SI)

Long-term survival of stage I multiple myeloma given chemotherapy just after diagnosis or at progression of the disease: a multicentre randomized study

We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate whether melphalan-prednisone (MPH-P) treatment administered just after diagnosis improves survival of stage I multiple myeloma (MM). Between January 1987 and March 1993, 145 consecutive previously untreated patients with stage I MM were randomized between treatment with MPH-P (administered for 4 days every 6 weeks) just after diagnosis and treatment only at disease progression. Survival was not influenced by MPH-P treatment either administered just after diagnosis or at disease progression (64 vs 71 months respectively). Comparing the first with the second group the odds ratio of death is 1.17 (95% confidence interval 0.57–2.42;P = 0.64). Disease progression occurred within a year in about 50% of patients who were initially untreated. Response rate was similar in both groups, but duration of response was shorter in patients who were treated at disease progression (48 vs 79 months, P = 0.044). Patients actually treated at disease progression (34/70) survived shorter than those who had neither disease progression nor treatment (56 vs > 92 months;P = 0.005). Starting MPH-P just after diagnosis does not improve survival and response rate in stage I MM, with respect to deferring therapy until disease progression. However, patients with stage I MM randomized to have treatment delayed and who actually progressed and were treated had shorter survival than those with stable disease and no treatment. Biologic or other disease features could identify these subgroups of patients. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig