308 research outputs found
Kiswahili or English: A Policy Analysis of Language Instruction in Tanzania
In many multilingual countries, the language instruction in classrooms is a continuous debate. Kiswahili is widely used in East Africa, however English is the language of instruction in secondary and tertiary education. In the United Republic of Tanzania, primary school is instructed in Kiswahili and then it abruptly switches to English in secondary school. Many students find the transition from primary to secondary school difficult for many reasons, including the language transition to English. As a result, nearly 1.5 million students are not enrolled in lower secondary school. Tanzania’s current president, John Magufuli, has made education a priority by introducing a new education and training policy. This new policy declares 10 years of free compulsory basic education while incorporating the change of language instruction in secondary and tertiary education to Kiswahili.
This paper is a policy analysis course-linked capstone focused on controversial language policies in Tanzania. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between Tanzania’s language policy and the effects on students in secondary school. It also explores the history of post-colonization, gives an overview of the current state of the policy, examines other countries’ practices by comparing statistical findings, and discusses the reality of challenges faced by current Tanzanian students. This paper concludes stating that language instruction is just one of many challenges within Tanzania’s education system. The usage of either language has the potential to be successful, however it depends on policy implementation, access to resources, and the quality of teaching
Symmetry breaking and unconventional charge ordering in single crystal NaRuO
The interplay of charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom in matter leads
to various forms of ordered states through phase transitions. An important
subclass of these phenomena of complex materials is charge ordering (CO),
mainly driven by mixed-valence states. We discovered by combining the results
of electrical resistivity (), specific heat, susceptibility
(\textit{T}), and single crystal x-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) that
NaRuO with the monoclinic tunnel type lattice (space group
2/) exhibits an unconventional CO at room temperature while retaining
metallicity. The temperature-dependent SC-XRD results show successive phase
transitions with super-lattice reflections at \textbf{q}=(0, ,
0) and \textbf{q}=(0, , ) below
(365 K) and only at \textbf{q}=(0, , 0) between
and (630 K). We interpreted these as an
evidence for the formation of an unconventional CO. It reveals a strong
first-order phase transition in the electrical resistivity at
(cooling) = 345 K and (heating) = 365 K. We argue that the
origin of the phase transition is due to the localized 4 Ru-electrons. The
results of our finding reveal an unique example of Ru/Ru mixed
valance heavy \textit{d} ions.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Bose-Einstein condensation of triplons in the S=1 tetramer antiferromagnet K2Ni2(MoO4)3: A compound close to quantum critical point
The structure of K2Ni2(MoO4)3 consists of S=1 tetramers formed by Ni^{2+}
ions. The magnetic susceptibility chi(T) and specific heat Cp(T) data on a
single crystal show a broad maximum due to the low-dimensionality of the system
with short-range spin correlations. A sharp peak is seen in chi(T) and Cp(T) at
about 1.13 K, well below the broad maximum. This is an indication of magnetic
long-range order i.e., the absence of spin-gap in the ground state.
Interestingly, the application of a small magnetic field (H>0.1 T) induces
magnetic behavior akin to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of triplon
excitations observed in some spin-gap materials. Our results demonstrate that
the temperature-field (T-H) phase boundary follows a power-law
(T-T_{N})propotional to H^(1/alpha) with the exponent 1/alpha close to 2/3, as
predicted for BEC scenario. The observation of BEC of triplon excitations in
small H infers that K2Ni2(MoO4)3 is located in the proximity of a quantum
critical point, which separates the magnetically ordered and spin-gap regions
of the phase diagram.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in Phys. Rev. B Rapid Communication
Community-based screening for infantile anemia in an Okinawan village, Japan
Infancy is a vulnerable age group for anemia throughout the world. However, community-based screening for infantile anemia is seldom reported. This study determined the prevalence of anemia among infants in an Okinawan village from 2003 to 2008, in relation to secondary prevention of the condition. The prevalence among infants aged 3–5, 6–12 and 16–23 months was 12.3%, 15.8%, and 4.2%, respectively, based on cross-sectional surveys (n = 3070 ), and was 11.0%, 17.2%, and 3.9% according to another retrospective cohort study (n = 511 ). The relatively low prevalence of anemia at early childhood suggested that previous detection and treatment through early and late infantile screening had been successful
c-Src inhibition improves cardiovascular function but not remodeling or fibrosis in Ang II-induced hypertension
c-Src plays an important role in angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. Whether this member of the Src family kinases is involved in the development of Ang II–induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular damage in vivo remains unknown. Here, we studied Ang II–infused (400 ng/kg/min) mice in which c-Src was partially deleted (c-Src+/−) and in wild-type (WT, c-Src+/+) mice treated with a c-Src inhibitor (CGP077675; 25 mg/kg/d). Ang II increased blood pressure and induced endothelial dysfunction in WT mice, responses that were ameliorated in c-Src+/− and CGP077675-treated mice. Vascular wall thickness and cross-sectional area were similarly increased by Ang II in WT and c-Src+/− mice. CGP077675 further increased cross-sectional area in hypertensive mice. Cardiac dysfunction (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) in Ang II–infused WT mice was normalized in c-Src+/− mice. Increased oxidative stress (plasma thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, and vascular superoxide generation) in Ang II–infused WT mice was attenuated in c-Src–deficient and CGP077675-treated mice. Hyperactivation of vascular c-Src, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2), and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in hypertensive mice was normalized in CGP077675-treated and c-Src+/− mice. Vascular fibronectin was increased by Ang II in all groups and further augmented by CGP077675. Cardiac fibrosis and inflammation induced by Ang II were amplified in c-Src+/− and CGP-treated mice. Our data indicate that although c-Src downregulation attenuates development of hypertension, improves endothelial and cardiac function, reduces oxidative stress, and normalizes vascular signaling, it has little beneficial effect on fibrosis. These findings suggest a divergent role for c-Src in Ang II–dependent hypertension, where c-Src may be more important in regulating redox-sensitive cardiac and vascular function than fibrosis and remodeling
Kajian Nilai-Nilai Pancasila di Sektor Perbankan: Peningkatan Peran Perbankan dalam Pemerataan sebagai Wujud dari Keadilan Sosial di Perekonomian Indonesia
This study aims to determine the role of Pancasila values in the banking sector in order to achieve social justice in the form of equity, both of which are applied in the UU pokok perbankan and UU pokok Bank Indonesia, as well as in the level of banking operations. The approach used in this study is a descriptive study using literature review as a kind of research. From the results of literature review found that the UU pokok perbankan and UU pokok Bank Indonesia, which is used by the Indonesian banking industry does not yet reflect the values contained in Pancasila, so that the operational phase toward social justice in the banking sector there is no jurisdiction foundation and the leveling process that became national banking purpose is released to the market mechanism
NMR studies of the incommensurate helical antiferromagnet EuCo2P2 : determination of the antiferromagnetic propagation vector
Recently Ding et al. [Phys. Rev. B 95, 184404 (2017)] reported that their
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study on EuCoAs successfully
characterized the antiferromagnetic (AFM) propagation vector of the
incommensurate helix AFM state, showing that NMR is a unique tool for
determination of the spin structures in incommensurate helical AFMs. Motivated
by this work, we have carried out Eu, P and Co NMR
measurements on the helical antiferromagnet EuCoP with an AFM ordering
temperature = 66.5 K. An incommensurate helical AFM structure was
clearly confirmed by Eu and P NMR spectra on single crystalline
EuCoP in zero magnetic field at 1.6 K and its external magnetic field
dependence. Furthermore, based on Co NMR data in both the paramagnetic
and the incommensurate AFM states, we have determined the model-independent
value of the AFM propagation vector k = (0, 0, 0.73 0.09)2/ where
is the -axis lattice parameter. The temperature dependence of k is also
discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B. arXiv
admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1704.0629
Aldosterone signaling through transient receptor potential melastatin 7 cation channel (TRPM7) and its α-kinase domain
We demonstrated a role for the Mg2 + transporter TRPM7, a bifunctional protein with channel and α-kinase domains, in aldosterone signaling. Molecular mechanisms underlying this are elusive. Here we investigated the function of TRPM7 and its α-kinase domain on Mg2 + and pro-inflammatory signaling by aldosterone. Kidney cells (HEK-293) expressing wild-type human TRPM7 (WThTRPM7) or constructs in which the α-kinase domain was deleted (ΔKinase) or rendered inactive with a point mutation in the ATP binding site of the α-kinase domain (K1648R) were studied. Aldosterone rapidly increased [Mg2 +]i and stimulated NADPH oxidase-derived generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in WT hTRPM7 and TRPM7 kinase dead mutant cells. Translocation of annexin-1 and calpain-II and spectrin cleavage (calpain target) were increased by aldosterone in WT hTRPM7 cells but not in α-kinase-deficient cells. Aldosterone stimulated phosphorylation of MAP kinases and increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators ICAM-1, Cox-2 and PAI-1 in Δkinase and K1648R cells, effects that were inhibited by eplerenone (mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker). 2-APB, a TRPM7 channel inhibitor, abrogated aldosterone-induced Mg2 + responses in WT hTRPM7 and mutant cells. In 2-APB-treated ΔKinase and K1648R cells, aldosterone-stimulated inflammatory responses were unchanged. These data indicate that aldosterone stimulates Mg2 + influx and ROS production in a TRPM7-sensitive, kinase-insensitive manner, whereas activation of annexin-1 requires the TRPM7 kinase domain. Moreover TRPM7 α-kinase modulates inflammatory signaling by aldosterone in a TRPM7 channel/Mg2 +-independent manner. Our findings identify novel mechanisms for non-genomic actions of aldosterone involving differential signaling through MR-activated TRPM7 channel and α-kinase
Multigap Superconductivity in YC: A C-NMR Study
We report on the superconducting (SC) properties of YC with a
relatively high transition temperature K investigated by
C nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) measurements under a magnetic field.
The C Knight shift has revealed a significant decrease below , suggesting a spin-singlet superconductivity. From an analysis of the
temperature dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate in
the SC state, YC is demonstrated to be a multigap superconductor that
exhibits a large gap at the main band and a
small gap at other bands. These results have
revealed that YC is a unique multigap s-wave superconductor similar to
MgB.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
- …