Water Availability and Subsidence in California's Central Valley

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15447/sfews.v13iss3art4&lt;Abstracts are not associated with Essays. -The Editors of SFEWS.&gt;</p

Helium–Hydrogen Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium to 100 atm

Liquid–vapor phase compositions are given for 11 isotherms of the system normal‐hydrogen–helium over the range 15.5° to 29.8°K at pressures to 1500 lb/in.2 In this range, the mixture critical curve is located, the freezing points are shown, and the locus is determined for the barotropic phenomenon (gravitational phase inversion). Two isotherms are duplicated with the substitution of parahydrogen.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70940/2/JCPSA6-49-5-2410-1.pd

The rural almshouse population in Missouri

Cooperative rural research."June, 1938."This is a study of the rural almshouse in Missouri. The various types of almshouse administration and methods of inmate care are defined and described, together with the social characteristics of the inmate population. As a matter of considerable contemporary interest an analysis was made of the eligibility of inmates for old age assistance in order to determine the extent to which counties might be relieved of their inmate population through this type of public assistance. Examination of data on nearly 3,000 inmates indicated that more than one-half (52.4 per cent) were under 70 years of age which is the present minimum age limit for old age assistance. It was further determined that at least one-half of the ones eligible due to age were not likely to be approved for old age assistance since they were either physically or mentally disabled. It was concluded that less than one-fourth of the total inmate population might qualify for old age assistance and that additional provisions would be necessary if the rural counties are to be relieved of the care of their almshouse population.By C.T. Pihlblad, Arthur W. Nebel, and Joseph H. Stokes, in collaboration with Melvin W. Sneed and Cecil L. Gregory.Cooperative Rural Research ... The Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Missouri; The Rural Section, Division of Social Research, Federal Works Progress Administration; and the State Social Security Commission of Missouri Cooperating.Introduction -- Administration and control -- Personnel and management -- Almshouses and almshouse inmates -- Eligibility of inmates for old age assistance -- Consolidation of almshouses -- Suggested recommendations -- Appendix

What is in a pebble shape?

We propose to characterize the shapes of flat pebbles in terms of the statistical distribution of curvatures measured along the pebble contour. This is demonstrated for the erosion of clay pebbles in a controlled laboratory apparatus. Photographs at various stages of erosion are analyzed, and compared with two models. We find that the curvature distribution complements the usual measurement of aspect ratio, and connects naturally to erosion processes that are typically faster at protruding regions of high curvature.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. (to appear

The shape and erosion of pebbles

The shapes of flat pebbles may be characterized in terms of the statistical distribution of curvatures measured along their contours. We illustrate this new method for clay pebbles eroded in a controlled laboratory apparatus, and also for naturally-occurring rip-up clasts formed and eroded in the Mont St.-Michel bay. We find that the curvature distribution allows finer discrimination than traditional measures of aspect ratios. Furthermore, it connects to the microscopic action of erosion processes that are typically faster at protruding regions of high curvature. We discuss in detail how the curvature may be reliable deduced from digital photographs.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

A 12,000 Year Record of Explosive Volcanism in the Siple Dome Ice Core, West Antarctica

Air mass trajectories in the Southern Hemisphere provide a mechanism for transport to and deposition of volcanic products on the Antarctic ice sheet from local volcanoes and from tropical and subtropical volcanic centers. This study extends the detailed record of Antarctic, South American, and equatorial volcanism over the last 12,000 years using continuous glaciochemical series developed from the Siple Dome A (SDMA) ice core, West Antarctica. The largest volcanic sulfate spike ( 280 mu g/L) occurs at 5881 B. C. E. Other large signals with unknown sources are observed around 325 B. C. E. ( 270 mu g/L) and 2818 B. C. E. ( 191 mu g/L). Ages of several large equatorial or Southern Hemisphere volcanic eruptions are synchronous with many sulfate peaks detected in the SDMA volcanic ice chemistry record. The microprobe fingerprinting\u27\u27 of glass shards in the SDMA core points to the following Antarctic volcanic centers as sources of tephra found in the SDMA core: Balenny Island, Pleiades, Mount Berlin, Mount Takahe, and Mount Melbourne as well as Mount Hudson and possibly Mount Burney volcanoes of South America. Identified volcanic sources provide an insight into the poorly resolved transport history of volcanic products from source volcanoes to the West Antarctic ice sheet

Ice Core Record of Rising Lead Pollution in the North Pacific Atmosphere

A high-resolution, 8000 year-long ice core record from the Mt. Logan summit plateau (5300 m asl) reveals the initiation of trans-Pacific lead (Pb) pollution by ca. 1730, and a \u3e10-fold increase in Pb concentration (1981–1998 mean = 68.9 ng/l) above natural background (5.6 ng/l) attributed to rising anthropogenic Pb emissions from Asia. The largest rise in North Pacific Pb pollution from 1970–1998 (end of record) is contemporaneous with a decrease in Eurasian and North American Pb pollution as documented in ice core records from Greenland, Devon Island, and the European Alps. The distinct Pb pollution history in the North Pacific is interpreted to result from the later industrialization and less stringent abatement measures in Asia compared to North America and Eurasia. The Mt. Logan record shows evidence for both a rising Pb emissions signal from Asia and a trans-Pacific transport efficiency signal related to the strength of the Aleutian Low