348 research outputs found
Modelling Long-Term Urban Temperatures with Less Training Data: A Comparative Study Using Neural Networks in the City of Madrid
In the last decades, urban climate researchers have highlighted the need for a reliable provision of meteorological data in the local urban context. Several efforts have been made in this direction using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), demonstrating that they are an accurate alternative to numerical approaches when modelling large time series. However, existing approaches are varied, and it is unclear how much data are needed to train them. This study explores whether the need for training data can be reduced without overly compromising model accuracy, and if model reliability can be increased by selecting the UHI intensity as the main model output instead of air temperature. These two approaches were compared using a common ANN configuration and under different data availability scenarios. Results show that reducing the training dataset from 12 to 9 or even 6 months would still produce reliable results, particularly if the UHI intensity is used. The latter proved to be more effective than the temperature approach under most training scenarios, with an average RMSE improvement of 16.4% when using only 3 months of data. These findings have important implications for urban climate research as they can potentially reduce the duration and cost of field measurement campaigns
Asociacion trofica de peces dominantes en la Laguna de Terminos, Campeche [resumen]; Trophic association in dominant fishes species from Laguna de Terminos, Campeche [abstract]
Los biosólidos de aguas residuales urbanas en el contenido de metales pesados en un suelo cultivado de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).
Con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de la aplicación de biosólidos de aguas residuales urbanas en la concentración de metales pesados (MP) en el sistema suelo-planta y la composición microbiológica del suelo, se realizó el presente trabajo en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), La Habana, Cuba. La aplicación de biosólidos en el suelo Ferralítico Rojo compactado incrementó el contenido cobre (Cu), níquel (Ni) y cinc (Zn) en los sustratos; mientras que, el contenido de hierro (Fe) y manganeso (Mn) disminuyó, comportamiento que mantuvo la misma tendencia al evaluar los diferentes órganos de las plantas. Se destaca que las concentraciones de MP encontradas en los sustratos y los órganos vegetales no representaron riesgos de fitotoxicidad ya que fueron inferiores a los niveles considerados como máximos permisibles para este tipo de suelo y para las plantas de tomate
DESARROLLO DE UN SOFTWARE PARA UN SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE MONITOREO Y CONTROL BOVINO MEDIANTE DISPOSITIVOS DE RASTREO Y TECNOLOGÍAS DE TELECOMUNICACIONES
According to the Cattle Census in Colombia, carried out by the Colombian Agricultural Institute- ICA (2021), the bovine population is distributed in 633,408 farms and totals 27,973,390 animals. Of the 633,408 properties in the country, Boyacá has 14.0% destined for cattle [1], a percentage that offers a great opportunity for the development of technologies that can impact on an improvement of its management and production, this is how the idea of implementing an integrated bovine monitoring and control system arises through the articulation of software development, tracking devices and telecommunications technologies. The development consists of the creation of a mobile application-type software that managesbovine vaccination cycles, allowing information to be stored and processed, thus contributing to increasing the competitiveness of ranchers in the department of Boyacá by preventing diseases and improving immunity to the same In addition, the system allows the monitoring of cattle through GPS location devices, located in each cattle, which send the information using the GSM network, this gives the farmer the possibility of identifying conditions escape or theft of bovines. The methodology implemented for the development of the project is raised in the following stages: 1. Search and analysis of information, 2. Know the opinion of the livestock producers, 3. Design and development of the application. The software contributes to the farmer in the implementation of good farming practices by allowing the administration of the bovine inventory, management of vaccination, access to information on diseases, knowing the delimitation of the property and generating reports of each one of the bovines, allowing timely and pertinent decision-making in eventualities.Según Censo bovino en Colombia, realizado por Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario-ICA (2021), la población bovina está distribuida en 633.408 predios ytotaliza 27.973.390 animales. De los 633.408 predios en el país, Boyacá tieneel 14,0% destinado a bovinos [1], porcentaje que brinda una gran oportunidadpara el desarrollo de tecnologías que puedan impactar en una mejora de su gestión yproducción, es así como surge la idea de implementar un sistema integrado de monitoreoy control bovino mediante la articulación de un desarrollo de software, dispositivosde rastreo y tecnologías de telecomunicaciones.El desarrollo consiste en la creación de un software tipo aplicación móvil que gestionalos ciclos de vacunación de los bovinos, permitiendo almacenar y procesar la información,contribuyendo así al aumento de la competitividad de los ganaderos en el departamentode Boyacá mediante prevención de enfermedades y mejora de la inmunidada las mismas. Además, el sistema permite el monitoreo de los bovinos mediante dispositivoslocalización GPS, ubicados en cada bovino, los cuales envían la información utilizandola red GSM, esto brinda al ganadero la posibilidad de identificar condicionesde fuga o hurto de los bovinos.La metodología implementada para el desarrollo del proyecto está planteada en lassiguientes etapas: 1. Búsqueda y análisis de información, 2. Conocer la opinión de losproductores ganaderos, 3. Diseño y desarrollo de la aplicación.El software aporta al ganadero en la implementación de buenas prácticas ganaderasal permitir administrar el inventario bovino, gestionar la vacunación, acceder a informaciónsobre enfermedades, conocer la delimitación del predio y generar informes decada uno de los bovinos, permitiendo la toma de decisiones oportunas y pertinentesen las eventualidades
Estrés laboral y salud mental en docentes de primaria y secundaria
Sometimes the workplace goes against the expectations of workers rising psychosocial risk, represented by labor stress and mental health disorders. The relationship between stress and mental health has been explored in teachers in higher education but not at other levels.
Objective: Was to determine stress levels and their relation to mental health in teachers of primary and secondary school in the Cauca Colombia.
Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study, conducted on 44 teachers. Stress levels were characterized with the Stress Questionnaire Labor SQL (2000) and mental health status was determined with the Goldberg Questionnaire. The correlation between job stress and mental health was explored with Pearson's test, considering α = 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of stress was 36.3%. Generating sources of stress for teachers were: organizational climate (95.4%), technology dimension (93.2%) and the influence of the leader (90.9%). The highest prevalence of stress was found in educational level of secondary education (59.1%; P = 0.006). 29.5% of teachers are evaluated mental health cases. Mental health disorders most frequently identified were: somatic symptoms (9.1%), sleep disturbances (4.5%), anxiety and severe depression (2.3%). The correlation of stress with impaired mental health was 54% (P = 0.018). Conclusion: a relationship between stress and mental health disorders in teachers was detected. It is recommended intervention by occupational health.En ocasiones el entorno laboral va en contra de las expectativas del trabajador apareciendo el riesgo psicolaboral, representado en: estrés laboral y patologías de salud mental. La relación entre estrés y salud mental ha sido explorada en docentes de educación superior pero no en otros niveles.
Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de estrés y su relación con salud mental en docentes de un colegio de primaria y secundaria en el Cauca Colombia.
Metodología: Estudio es de tipo descriptivo, transversal, correlacional, realizado en 44 docentes, los niveles de estrés se caracterizaron con el Cuestionario de Estrés Laboral de la OIT (año 2000) y el estado de salud mental se determinó con el Cuestionario de Goldberg. La correlación entre estrés laboral y salud mental se exploró con el test de Pearson, considerando α=0,05.
Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de estrés del 36,3%. Las fuentes generadoras de estrés en los docentes fueron: clima organizacional (95,4%), dimensión tecnología (93,2%) y la influencia del líder (90,9%). La mayor prevalencia de estrés se encontró en los docentes de nivel de formación secundaria (59,1%; P=0.006). El 29,5% de los docentes evaluados constituyen casos de salud mental. Las alteraciones de salud mental identificadas con mayor frecuencia fueron: síntomas somáticos (9,1%), perturbación del sueño (4,5%), ansiedad y depresión severa (2,3%). La correlación de estrés con alteración en la salud mental fue de 54% (P=0.018). Conclusión: Se detectó una relación entre el estrés y las alteraciones en la salud mental, en los docentes. Se recomienda realizar intervención por salud ocupacional
Visual Servoing NMPC Applied to UAVs for Photovoltaic Array Inspection
The photovoltaic (PV) industry is seeing a significant shift toward
large-scale solar plants, where traditional inspection methods have proven to
be time-consuming and costly. Currently, the predominant approach to PV
inspection using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is based on photogrammetry.
However, the photogrammetry approach presents limitations, such as an increased
amount of useless data during flights, potential issues related to image
resolution, and the detection process during high-altitude flights. In this
work, we develop a visual servoing control system applied to a UAV with dynamic
compensation using a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) capable of
accurately tracking the middle of the underlying PV array at different frontal
velocities and height constraints, ensuring the acquisition of detailed images
during low-altitude flights. The visual servoing controller is based on the
extraction of features using RGB-D images and the Kalman filter to estimate the
edges of the PV arrays. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the proposal in
both simulated and real-world environments using the commercial aerial vehicle
(DJI Matrice 100), with the purpose of showcasing the results of the
architecture. Our approach is available for the scientific community in:
https://github.com/EPVelasco/VisualServoing_NMPCComment: This paper is under review at the journal "IEEE Robotics and
Automation Letters
Anticuerpos anti-Ro y anti-La. Caracterización molecular, correlación clínica e inmunogenética
The anti-Ro and Anti-La antibodies have been studied since 25 years ago, but theirs molecular structure, clinical association and genetics relation have aquiered special relevance only in the last past seven years. These antibodies have special interest in the physiopathology of SLE, and in the Sjogren syndrome. In the so called neonatal lupus these antibodies seems to playa direct role in its physiopathology, while in others situations such as vasculitis and nephiritis the tissue damage could be due to the inmune complexes deposition in the vascular structures.Los anticuerpos anti-Ro y anti-La se vienen estudiando desde hace 25 años, pero su estructura molecular, asociación clínica y relación genética adquieren relevancia en los últimos siete (7) años. Estos anticuerpos tienen especial lugar en la nosología del LES y del síndrome Sjögren. En el lupus neonatal los anticuerpos tienen un papel patológico directo, mientras que en otras condiciones (vasculitis, nefritis ), el daño tisular puede resultar por depósito de complejos inmunes en las estructuras vasculares
El contexto socioeconómico global y regional: sus efectos sobre la producción ganadera (Artículo reseña, parte final)
The objective of this second part of the review is to show our considerations in relation to the global and regional aspects of production, trade and consumption of cattle products. The predictions informed by specialized organisms as FAO and IFPRI, indicate a fall in the world cattle production of 1,3 and 5 annual %, and they attribute it to the poor cattle yields in developing countries and difficulties in big countries of Europe.. The processed milky and its added value for the market due to its high demand have, according to FAO (2000), an industrial volume that reaches ranges from a 85 to 99% in developed countries, while the markets of Latin America are between the 10 and 60%, and Oceania the range is between 91 and 95%. It is of highlighting that the added value of these products reaches 8% in sterile flowing milk, 8-12% in yogurt and 11-22% in cheeses.El objetivo de esta segunda parte de la revisión, es presentar nuestras consideraciones relativas a los aspectos globales y regionales de la producción, comercio y consumo de productos ganaderos. Las predicciones informadas por organismos especializados como la FAO y el IFPRI, indican descenso en la producción ganadera mundial en 1,3 y un 5 % anual , y lo atribuyen a los pobres rendimientos de ganaderos en los países en desarrollo y a las dificultades en países grandes de Europa.. Los lácteos procesados y su valor agregado para el mercado debido a su alta demanda, tienen según la FAO (2000) un volumen industrial que alcanza rangos de un 85 a un 99% en los países desarrollados, sin embargo los mercados de América Latina están entre el 10 y el 60 %, mientras que en Oceanía el rango está entre el 91 y el 95%. Es de destacar que el valor agregado de estos productos alcanza el 8% en leche fluida estéril, el 812% en yogur y del 11 al 22% en quesos
Effect of Algarroba on Grazing Cow Behavior and Milk Production. I. Dry Season.
The effect of algarroba (Prosopis juliflora SW) arborization on grazing cow behavior and milk production was assessed. The trial was made in the rainy season, and six enclosures were used per arborization treatment (low arborization, 1-7 trees/ha; mid arborization, 12-16 trees/ha; high arborization, 20-27 trees/ha). Rational grazing was performed. The grass rested for 21-28 days, and sprinklers were used for irrigation. The animalsʼ activity time and the number of animals were registered. Milk production values were compared using ANOVA, following a randomized design with six replicas. No significant differences were observed in the morning grazing (118-203 min), but there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the afternoon, in favor of more arborization (103-125 min), whereas in lands with mid and high arborization, cows ruminated longer, with higher water consumption and milk production, and values between 11.85-13.76 kg/v/day
Manihot-EcoMap - Distribución ecogeográfica del género Manihot en Colombia - Implicaciones para la conservación y flujo de genes entre cultivo silvestres
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