Attitudes and practices of physicians and nurses regarding physical activity promotion in the Catalan primary health-care system

Background: In Catalonia a high percentage of the population remains inactive. General practices are an ideal setting to advise on physical activity (PA). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding practices, barriers and predictors of such promotion in the Catalan primary health-care system. This study set out to establish descriptive baseline data for PA promotion in Catalan general practices, and to explore the experiences of doctors/nurses in promoting PA in their day-to-day professional lives. Methods: A mixedmethod approach was adopted. A survey was conducted with 245 physicians/nurses (58% response rate). Subsequently, focus groups (n ¼ 5) and semi-structured interviews (n ¼ 7) were conducted with 18 physicians and 15 nurses. After coding for important themes, the final interpretation was confirmed by contributors. Results: Eighty-eight percent of physicians/nurses promoted PA at least infrequently. However, work conditions were perceived as unfavourable, with the main barriers being lack of (i) time, (ii) training and (iii) protocols. Qualitative data showed that PA promotion was opportunistic, focused on selected patients, used generalized messages and was highly dependent on personal interests. Regular promotion was encouraged by direct experiences of the benefits of regular exercising, knowing patients well, being supported by medical colleagues and creating links with other community institutions. PA promotion was especially hindered by seeing PA promotion as a secondary task, and patients ignoring recommendations. Conclusions: PA promotion in Catalonia remains to be integrated into practice consultations. Therefore, strategies should be developed within public health. Using a mixed-method approach provided a broader range of evidence than most studies, which rely on quantitative methods

The use of information and communication technologies in perinatal depression screening: A systematic review

Perinatal mental illness refers to psychiatric disorders that exist during pregnancy and up to 1 year after childbirth. The aim of this systematic review was to discuss the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on perinatal depression (PeD) screening in the past three decades. Published articles were searched between 1990 and 2018, both in English and Spanish. In the search, we used different keywords, such as "pregnancy, " "depression, " or "technology" in ScienceDirect, PubMed-NCBI, and Web of Science. We found 10 articles that combined the use of ICTs and a focus on PeD screening. Studied periods included pregnancy (n = 2) and postpartum (n = 8). The telephone was the most commonly used communication method (n = 5), followed by the Internet (n = 4). One investigation used both, the telephone and the Internet. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was the most frequently used screening measure (n = 8). The proportion of depressed perinatal women varied across studies depending on the pregnancy status and the cutoff values used, showing a very broad range between 5.8 and 51.9 percent. Despite the increasing popularity of ICTs in health settings, their use in perinatal mental health screening is still rare. Overall, encouraging findings have been reported when using ICTs for screening of PeD, such as eliminating the need to travel to the health center to conduct the screening and allowing for a wider dissemination. However, more research is needed to support their inclusion in perinatal care

Method of recovering municipal boundary lines in Province of Valencia (Spain) by means of historical cadastral maps

Land demarcation is a fundamental requirement when determining to what extent property owners and public administrations can apply their rights. Just as international boundaries must be clearly marked so that there can be no doubt as to which jurisdiction is to be applied, municipal boundaries must be clearly defined in order to avoid disputes between local administrations. In Spain the Geographical Institute carried out the demarcation of all municipal boundaries at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, defined their limits on cadastral maps and represented them on the 1:50,000 scale National Topographical Map. At the present time, more than a hundred years after this survey, in many cases parts of the original municipal limits have been lost for one reason or another, both on the maps and on the ground itself, and it has now become necessary to take steps to recover them. This paper defines a method of using the municipal councils own historical information to trace original boundary lines. The work included both a study and a series of tests carried out in different municipal areas in the Province of Valencia, Spain. The original reports and field notebooks of the Geographical Institute were used as the basic material of the study, supported by cadastral maps from different periods, as well as historical and contemporary orthophotos to help locate possible boundary markers. GPS techniques were employed to look for, survey and reinstate boundary marker positions.This work has been partially supported by the research project 'The Land Registry as the basic tool for organising spatial information; INSPIRE Directive, spatial data and metadata (II)', DER2011-23321 from the Spanish Government.Femenía Ribera, C.; Benítez Aguado, E.; Mora Navarro, JG.; Martínez Llario, JC. (2014). 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