GC-MS analysis of yellow pigmented Macrococcus equipercicus isolated from alfalfa rhizosphere soil fields of Coimbatore

The rhizosphere of plant possesses important microflora, which secretes wide chemical compounds including secondary metabolites necessary for plant growth and development. The microbial flora of alfalfa plant rhizosphere soil region was explored for functional activity and we found upto ten different pigmented colonies. Due to good functional diversity, this yellow pigmented colony was taken for further studies. Thus, the culture was molecularly characterized and identified for potent bioactive components responsible for antimicrobial activity. The selected culture mass was cultured and secondary metabolites were produced and extracted using ethyl acetate and subjected to GC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial study revealed selective activity against Streptococcus pneumonia, and Proteus sp with zone of inhibition to be 18 and 20 mm respectively.  Molecular identification of the isolate by 16S rRNA sequencing showed the isolate as Macrococcus equipercicus with 100 % similarity. Based on GC-MS analysis report 25bioactive compounds were identified and 13-docosenamide, hexadecanoic acid esters and quercetin were found in ethyl acetate extract. Conclusion: Thus the yellow pigmented gram positive cocci M.equipercicus isolated from Medicago sativa possessed wide antibacterial activity due to presence of quercetin. Through the studies, we were able to identify potent antibacterial compound producing bacteria from M. sativa plant rhizosphere soil

Dialysis-associated peritonitis in children

Peritonitis remains a frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis in children and is the most common reason for technique failure. The microbiology is characterized by a predominance of Gram-positive organisms, with fungi responsible for less than 5% of episodes. Data collected by the International Pediatric Peritonitis Registry have revealed a worldwide variation in the bacterial etiology of peritonitis, as well as in the rate of culture-negative peritonitis. Risk factors for infection include young age, the absence of prophylactic antibiotics at catheter placement, spiking of dialysis bags, and the presence of a catheter exit-site or tunnel infection. Clinical symptoms at presentation are somewhat organism specific and can be objectively assessed with a Disease Severity Score. Whereas recommendations for empiric antibiotic therapy in children have been published by the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis, epidemiologic data and antibiotic susceptibility data suggest that it may be desirable to take the patient- and center-specific history of microorganisms and their sensitivity patterns into account when prescribing initial therapy. The vast majority of patients are treated successfully and continue peritoneal dialysis, with the poorest outcome noted in patients with peritonitis secondary to Gram-negative organisms or fungi and in those with a relapsing infection

Evaluation of spent coffee obtained from the most common coffeemakers as a source of hydrophilic bioactive compounds

The main hydrophilic antioxidant compounds (3-, 4-, and 5-monocaffeoylquinic and 3,4-, 3,5-, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids, caffeine, and browned compounds, including melanoidins) and the antioxidant capacity (Folin-Ciocalteu, ABTS, DPPH, Fremy's salt, and TEMPO) were evaluated in Arabica and Robusta spent coffee obtained from the preparation of coffee brews with the most common coffeemakers (filter, espresso, plunger, and mocha). All spent coffee grounds, with the exception of those from the mocha coffeemaker, had relevant amounts of total caffeoylquinic acids (6.22-13.24 mg/g of spent coffee), mainly dicaffeoylquinic acids (3.31-5.79 mg/g of spent coffee), which were 4-7-fold higher than in their respective coffee brews. Caffeine ranged from 3.59 to 8.09 mg/g of spent coffee. The antioxidant capacities of the aqueous spent coffee extracts were 46.0-102.3% (filter), 59.2-85.6% (espresso), and <42% (plunger) in comparison to their respective coffee brews. This study obtained spent coffee extracts with antioxidant properties that can be used as a good source of hydrophilic bioactive compounds

Detection of Compromised Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks Using GPSR Protocol and Iterative Filtering Algorithm

The sensor network is used to observe surrounding area gathered and spread the information to other sink.The advantage of this network is used to improve life time and energy. The first sensor node or group of sensor nodesin the network runs out of energy. The aggregator node can send aggregate value to the base station. The sensornode can be used to assign initial weights for each node. This sensor node calculates weight for each node. Whichsensor node weight should be lowest amount they can act as a cluster head. The joint node can send false data to theaggregator node and then these node controls to adversary. The dependability at any given instant represents ancomprehensive behavior of participate to be various types of defects and misconduct. The adversary can sendinformation to aggregator node then complexity will be occurred. These nodes are used to reduce the energy andband width

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis C Virus in Irula Tribal Community, Tamilnadu, India

Irula tribes in india live in rural areas under poor infrastructure, high poverty, low education, ignorant on the origin of diseases. Although, their lifestyle made them vulnerable to a variety of infectious diseases. Only few studies have been conducted on them, hence, there is inadequate data about these Irula tribal health. Serum samples were collected from 372 Participants of Irula tribes from 15 different locations of Tamil Nadu. Serum samples were tested for Hepatitis C Virus (Anti-HCV) by 3rd generation ELISA kit and data were subjected to analysis using SPSS (version 17.0) and Chi square test to determine the risk factors of Hepatitis C virus. HCV prevalence was 5.10 % and this percentage was high among females than males with the age group of 31 to 40. Among the various risk factors, were statistically analyzed (p<0.05) with HCV infection. The frequency of combination of risk factors were found in HJ+A+IDU+SI+M (100 %), A+IDU+SP (100 %) in Anti-HCV positive Irula tribes of Tamil Nadu. High prevalence of HCV infection was observed among the tribal population with the various risk factors such as series of injection, surgery with or without blood transfusion, tattooing sexual promiscuity, migration, jaundice in family and intravenous drug use

Bioprospecting medicinal plant <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Aerva lanata</i> Juss. ex Schult.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> </i>flowers for potential antimicrobial activity against clinical and fish-borne pathogens<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">

306-311Multidrug resistant microorganisms are increasing these days from medical and aquaculture backgrounds. In present investigation chloroform extract of the flowers of the medicinal plant Aerva lanata Juss. ex Schult. was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against both the clinical and fish-borne microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity was found to be maximum against <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio alginolyticus and also against E. coli with the inhibition zone of about (23.33<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-char-type:symbol;="" mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">± 0.33, 23.33±0.33 &amp; 25.67<span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">±0.33), respectively for the above pathogens. The minimum level of antimicrobial activity was found against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Vibrio cholerae and also against Salmonella paratyphi with the inhibition zone of about 14.33<span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">±0.33, 15.33<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-char-type:symbol;="" mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">±0.33, 16.33±0.33 and 14.00<span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">±0.58, respectively for the above pathogens when assayed with 100 µL of chloroform extract of A. lanata flower (100 µL/mL w/v). Moderate antimicrobial activity was found against the fish-borne pathogens Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio harveyi. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids and xantho proteins. </span

Loss of resilience contributes to detrusor underactivity in advanced age.

Volume hyposensitivity resulting from impaired sympathetic detrusor relaxation during blad- der filling contributes to detrusor underactivity (DU) associated with aging. Detrusor tension regulation provides an adaptive sensory input of bladder volume to the brainstem and is challenged by physiological stressors superimposed upon biological aging. We recently showed that HCN channels have a stabilizing role in detrusor sympathetic relaxation. While mature mice maintain homeostasis in the face of stressors, old mice are not always capable. In old mice, there is a dichotomous phenotype, in which resilient mice adapt and maintain homeostasis, while non-resilient mice fail to maintain physiologic homeostasis. In this DU model, we used cystometry as a stressor to categorize mice as old-responders (old-R, develop a filling/voiding cycle) or old-non-responders (old-NR, fail to develop a filling/voiding cycle; fluctuating high pressures and continuous leaking), while also assess- ing functional and molecular differences. Lamotrig- ine (HCN activator)-induced bladder relaxation is diminished in old-NR mice following HCN-blockade. Relaxation responses to NS 1619 were reduced in old-NR mice, with the effect lost following HCN- blockade. However, RNA-sequencing revealed no differences in HCN gene expression and electrophysi- ology studies showed similar percentage of detrusor myocytes expressing HCN (Ih) current between old-R and old-NR mice. Our murine model of DU further defines a role for HCN, with failure of adaptive recal- ibration of HCN participation and intensity of HCN- mediated stabilization, while genomic studies show upregulated myofibroblast and fibrosis pathways and downregulated neurotransmitter-degradation path- ways in old-NR mice. Thus, the DU phenotype is multifactorial and represents the accumulation of age- associated loss in homeostatic mechanisms