Exorcising personal traumas/silencing history: Jennifer johnston's the invisible worm

Jennifer Johnston''s novel The Invisible Worm (1991) is an exemplary trauma narrative, both stylistically and thematically. It centres on the consciousness of its protagonist-Laura-and narrates her painful and protracted psychological process of coming to terms with a past marked by repeated sexual abuse by her father, which culminates in rape, and her mother''s consequent suicide. Yet The Invisible Worm is also a contemporary example of the Irish Big House novel, a genre that articulates the identitarian, historical and social plights of the Anglo-Irish. My intention in this article is to consider how the narrative''s evident interest in the personal dimension of Laura''s traumas works to obviate the socio-historical and political elements that have also contributed to the protagonist''s predicament. I will also analyse the different treatment afforded to the individual and the collective past: while the novel is explicit and optimistic in the case of Laura''s personal story, it remains reluctant to speak out about historical evils, with the result that, at the end of the novel, although freed from her personal traumas, Laura remains the prisoner of her historical legacy. La novela de Jennifer Johnston titulada The Invisible Worm (1991) es un ejemplo perfecto de la “novela de trauma, ” tanto estilística como temáticamente. El centro de interés recae en el mundo interior de Laura, la protagonista, y la novela narra el proceso psicológico, doloroso y prolongado, que Laura debe experimentar para recordar y asumir su pasado: un pasado marcado por los reiterados abusos sexuales de su padre, que culminan en violación, y el suicidio de su madre a consecuencia de estos hechos. Pero The Invisible Worm es también una novela que pertenece al género de la novela Big House irlandesa, y este es un género que tradicionalmente ha articulado los conflictos de identidad, históricos y sociales de los Anglo-irlandeses. En este artículo se considerará cómo el interés narrativo en la dimensión personal de los traumas de Laura—violación a manos de su padre y suicidio de su madre— simultáneamente sirve para obviar los elementos socio-históricos y políticos que también forman parte del conflicto de la protagonista. Intentaré así mismo llamar la atención sobre el tratamiento tan diferente que se otorga en la novela a la historia personal de Laura, en contraste con el pasado colectivo de la nación irlandesa: mientras la novela es mucho más explícita y optimista en cuanto a la historia personal de Laura, los hechos históricos se silencian, y al final de la novela, aunque Laura parece haber exorcizado sus traumas personales, su legado histórico todavía la mantiene prisionera

Optical fibers to measure temperature vertical profile at sea

The paper is focus in the use the optical fiber to measure the temperature in various heigh at the same time to get a temperature vertical variation. The temperature measurements are puntual while the Bragg gratings located in the fiber.Peer Reviewe

Influencia de la organización del tiempo sobre la creatividad en las agencias de publicidad

La creatividad es el principal atributo en la valoración de la calidad de los servicios ofrecidos por las agencias de publicidad. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis sobre cómo la creatividad se ve afectada por la organización del tiempo de trabajo y los horarios en la agencia de publicidad. Se estudian las consecuencias negativas que se derivan de estos aspectos, así como el tipo de medidas que se utilizan para paliar estos efectos negativos. Para llevar a cabo el trabajo se realizaron entrevistas personales a una muestra de directores creativos ejecutivos de las principales agencias de publicidad en España

Las nuevas fachadas autoportantes de ladrillo cara vista

The ‘Self-Supporting’ face brick façade is the result of a profound reflection on the different façade solutions that have been used throughout the last century for the pillar-structured buildings, and is based on the utilization of the potential that ceramic materials have when they work in compression. The construction solution consists in placing the entire outer sheet of the enclosure ahead of the building’s structure, so as to use the brick wall itself as its own supporting structure. This construction type eliminates the thermal bridges at façade-slab joints, and is more effective regarding mechanical behaviour than conventional solutions, since the own-weight effect contributes beneficially to stability against horizontal actions.La ‘Fachada Autoportante’ de ladrillo cara vista es el resultado de una profunda reflexión sobre las diferentes soluciones de fachada que se han utilizado a lo largo del siglo pasado para los edificios con estructura porticada, y se fundamenta en el aprovechamiento del potencial que tienen los materiales cerámicos cuando trabajan a compresión. La solución constructiva consiste en disponer la hoja exterior del cerramiento pasante por delante de la estructura del edificio en la totalidad de su espesor, utilizando el propio muro de ladrillo como estructura portante de sí mismo. Este tipo constructivo elimina los puentes térmicos en el encuentro con los forjados, y es más eficaz para el comportamiento mecánico que las soluciones convencionales, puesto que el efecto beneficioso del propio peso contribuye a la estabilidad frente a las acciones horizontales

Relación de los planificadores estratégicos y los creativos. Aplicación al caso español.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the Department of Creativity and the Account Planning Department in Spain. The planners are responsible to develop a deep research of the consumer with the objective that this knowledge can serve the creative department to guide communication and effectively reach the consumer. There are reviews on the specific sets and relationships between the Account Department and Creativity, but we do not find any analysis which provides information on the positive or negative interaction of the planners and creative. Thus, to address this reality we have developed a double investigation. On the one hand, we have chosen a quantitative research through a questionnaire to account planners who work in Spain from which were obtained 62 responses and a qualitative study from four in-depth interviews with recognized creative

The Gruenberg-Kegel graph of finite solvable rational groups

A finite group $G$ is said to be \textit{rational} if every character of $G$ is rational-valued. The \textit{Gruenberg-Kegel graph} of a finite group $G$ is the undirected graph whose vertices are the primes dividing the order of $G$ and the edges join different primes $p$ and $q$ whenever $G$ contains an element of order $pq$. In this paper, we complete the classification of the Gruenberg-Kegel graphs of finite solvable rational groups initiated in \cite{BKMdR}.Comment: 6 page

Coenzyme Q10 deficiencies: pathways in yeast and humans.

Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or CoQ) is an essential lipid that plays a role in mitochondrial respiratory electron transport and serves as an important antioxidant. In human and yeast cells, CoQ synthesis derives from aromatic ring precursors and the isoprene biosynthetic pathway. Saccharomyces cerevisiae coq mutants provide a powerful model for our understanding of CoQ biosynthesis. This review focusses on the biosynthesis of CoQ in yeast and the relevance of this model to CoQ biosynthesis in human cells. The COQ1-COQ11 yeast genes are required for efficient biosynthesis of yeast CoQ. Expression of human homologs of yeast COQ1-COQ10 genes restore CoQ biosynthesis in the corresponding yeast coq mutants, indicating profound functional conservation. Thus, yeast provides a simple yet effective model to investigate and define the function and possible pathology of human COQ (yeast or human gene involved in CoQ biosynthesis) gene polymorphisms and mutations. Biosynthesis of CoQ in yeast and human cells depends on high molecular mass multisubunit complexes consisting of several of the COQ gene products, as well as CoQ itself and CoQ intermediates. The CoQ synthome in yeast or Complex Q in human cells, is essential for de novo biosynthesis of CoQ. Although some human CoQ deficiencies respond to dietary supplementation with CoQ, in general the uptake and assimilation of this very hydrophobic lipid is inefficient. Simple natural products may serve as alternate ring precursors in CoQ biosynthesis in both yeast and human cells, and these compounds may act to enhance biosynthesis of CoQ or may bypass certain deficient steps in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway

Planktonic Chlorophyceae from the lower Ebro River (Spain)

On samples obtained in 4 seasonal periods between April 1999 and February 2000 from the last 18 km of Ebro River (Spain) some interesting planktonic coccal green algae (Chlorophyceae) were found. This paper offers comments and taxonomical observations on 60 taxa. Crucigenia smithii (Kirchner) W. et G. S. West, Crucigeniella pulchra (W. et G.S.West) Komárek, Elakatothrix genevensis (Reverdin) Hindák, E. subacuta Koršikov, Nephrocytium schilleri (Kammerer) Comas, Oocystidium ovale Kor{ikov, Pseudoschroederia antillarum (Komárek) Hegewald et Schnepf, Scenedesmus denticulatus var. fenestratus (Teiling) Uherkovich, S. pannonicus Hortobágyi, Siderocelis ornata (Fott) Fott, Tetrachlorella alternans (G.M. Smith) Koršikov and Tetrastrum komarekii Hindák were found for the first time in this country. The best represented genus was Scenedesmus, with 16 taxa

Desarrollo de Metódicas y de sus Especificaciones para los Comprimidos Dispersables: Nota Pro-Farmacopea

Recently, dispersible tablets are being research application object in the pharmaceutical market. Nevertheless, American Pharmacopeia does not include any monography for dispersibles and European / Spanish Pharmacopeia denotes technical gaps that requires a better development in their quality specifications. In our investigation, we claim with spanish pharmaceuticals that disintegration time is significatively different at 95% level among temperature range (15-25ºC) stablished in the Spanish / European Pharmacopeia for this test. So, we propose to implement more selective and easier working methodologies, suggesting that 25ºC ± 0.5ºC. Due lack of suitable specifications for fineness of dispersion test we recommend, additionally, to include conditions such as temperature (25ºC), time (3 minutes) and shaking (magnetic stirrer at 60 c.p.m.) according to our disintegration test criteria. Finally, we suggest tablet weight must be considered in order to fit dispersion liquid volume needed. We can conclude in this manner dispersible tablets quality is under controlled homogeneously.En los últimos años los comprimidos dispersables han despertado un creciente interés en el mercado farmacéutico mundial. A pesar de ello, la farmacopea norteamericana no incluye ninguna monografía al respecto y la europea/española presenta algunas lagunas técnicas que hacen necesaria una mejor regulación de sus especificaciones de calidad. En el presente trabajo se demuestra, con diversas muestras procedentes del mercado español, que el tiempo de disgregación a las dos temperaturas extremas y a la central del rango establecido por la farmacopea europea / española (15-25ºC) para la realización del ensayo de disgregación difiere de forma significativa con una probabilidad del 95%. Por este motivo, destacamos la necesidad de establecer una condición selectiva de trabajo y fácil para estandarizar la metódica, sugiriendo la de 25ºC ± 0.5ºC. Ante la ausencia de determinadas especificaciones en el ensayo de finura de la dispersión, proponemos fijar condiciones de ensayo adicionales tales como la temperatura (25ºC), el tiempo (3 minutos) y el modo de agitación (agitación magnética a 60 r.p.m.), en consonancia con el ensayo de disgregación, así como tomar en consideración la masa del comprimido a la hora de fijar el volumen de dispersión. De este modo, se controla de manera más discriminativa y homogénea la calidad de los comprimidos dispersables