Artificial Intelligence approaches in Cyber Security

As we all know that, the data that is been generated every second is increasing exponentially, as this information stored or received in any form is directly or indirectly is through Internet that means the data has to be travelled over a network for its completion of task, due to this the security for proper transmission of data plays a vital role in Cyber Security. The speed of processes and the amount of data to be used in defending the cyber space is cannot be handled by humans without considerable automations. However, it is difficult to develop software with conventional fixed algorithms for effectively defending against the dynamically evolving malicious attacks over the network. This situation can be handled by applying method of Artificial Intelligence that provides flexibility and learning capabilities of a network which later helps us in defending the attacks and as well as tracing down the culprits residing behind the terminology. This topic mainly emphasis on how well a packet is transferred from source to destination with proper security so that the end-user acquires the correct data as per his requirements

DNA Computing and Implementations

DNA Computing aims to harness the molecules at the Nano level for computational purpose. DNA Computing features high data density and massive storage capability therefore, its approach can be used to solve various combinatorial Problems like solving Non Deterministic Problems (i.e. NP- Complete and NP-Hard). This Molecular Level Computational involve input and output both in the molecule form. Since DNA has already been explored as an exquisite material and is a fundamental block for manufacturing large scale Nano mechanical devices. DNA Computing is an approach towards the Biomolecular Computation where the aim is not only to process the information but also to transfer it to other molecular structures for utilization. DNA Computing is slower when an individual DNA Computes in compare to silica based chips. Its Efficiently and throughput increases as the number of DNA increase. DNA provides the possibility of massive parallelism. Starting with the Introduction about the DNA Structure, followed up by DNA Computers, this paper will discuss some recent advancements and challenges of DNA Computing. We will also discuss the possible future scope and implementation as well how the Artificial Intelligence approach can be used with DNA Based Computers to achieve a better and efficient Machine Learning

Differences in peripheral noradrenergic function among actively drinking and abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals.

We examined whether excessive alcohol consumption was related to changes in plasma levels of noradrenaline (NA) and whether these changes recover following abstinence. We also explored whether there were differences in NA levels between Type I and Type II alcoholics and controls during active drinking and abstinence. Plasma concentrations of NA were determined in (1) 27 Caucasian men with alcohol dependence who were regularly drinking (active drinkers) within 24 hours of hospitalization, (2) 29 Caucasian alcohol-dependent men who were in remission (abstinent for a minimum of three months), and (3) 28 race- and gender-matched healthy controls. NA concentrations were significantly higher in actively drinking alcohol-dependent subjects compared to those in remission and controls. While Type I and Type II alcoholic individuals differed across clinical measures, NA levels were similar in the two subtypes. Both subtypes showed an elevation in NA levels during active drinking compared to controls, but NA levels did not differ between the two subtypes and controls during remission. The findings indicate that chronic exposure to alcohol may lead to disturbances in NA activity that may manifest in early abstinence. However, the changes in NA activity appears to normalize after a longer period of abstinence. Alterations in NA activity do not seem to be specific for Type I or Type II subtypes of alcoholism

Wireless Charging: Its types, Standards and Applications

An electrical gadget can be powered without cords by providing electrical via an air pocket to the device in order to re-charge its capacity. The performance and practicality of cordless charging tech have noticeably enhanced lately. The introduction to cordless charging in this paper covers its basics. The evaluation of standards, which includes Qi and the A4WP, is then given, as well as a focus on their communications channels. Next, we put out a cutting-edge idea for cordless charger networking, which enables chargers to be linked for easier data gathering and management. We explain how the wireless charger network can be used to assign users to chargers, which demonstrates the usefulness in terms of a reduction costs for users to find the best chargers to recharge their mobile devices

High risk of essential hypertension in males with intron 4 VNTR polymorphism of eNOS gene

In this study 250 patients with essential hypertension were investigated in comparison to 218 normotensives for association with epidemiological parameters. Of these DNA samples from 176 patients and 168 controls were analyzed for intron 4 27bp repeat polymorphism of eNOS gene. The study revealed significantly high risk of essential hypertension for individuals who were obese, with a positive family history and with non-vegetarian food habits. Though the intron 4b/a polymorphism of eNOS gene did not reveal any association with essential hypertension in general, males with a/a genotype of the polymorphism did show significantly high risk for developing hypertension

Penaeid prawn fishery and its maximum sustainable yield at Versova, Mumbai

Penaeid prawn fishery at Versova, Mumbai was investigated for the ten-year period of 1988 to 1997. The average annual catch during the period was 3,764 t, of which the trawlers contributed 84.9% and 15.1% by the dol nets. The major species contributing to the fishery were Parapenaeopsis stylifera (61.2%), Solenocera crassicornis (12.4%), Metapenaeus affinis (8.9%) and M. brevicornis (8.5%)'in trawlers andP. stylifera (51.5%),S. crassicornis (28.3%) andP. hardwikii (11.0%) in dol nets. Month wise abundance, size range, mean size, maturity and sex ratio in the two gears averaged for the period are discussed. Trawling at Versova commenced in 1986-'87 and due to encouraging returns many dol net owners also shifted over to trawling. Consequently the catch of penaeid prawns also increased from 1,363.71 in 1988 to 4,740.71 in 1996, and thereafter it declined considerably. Using Schaefer's surplus yield model, maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and the related effort (FMSY) were estimated. The MSY was found to be 4,368.81 with the optimum effort of 3.75 X 105 hours of fishing for the dol nets and trawlers together, which corresponds to operation of 158 daily trawler trips and 38 dol net boats for the sustainable penaeid prawn fishery at Versova

Comparison of pretreatment characteristics and treatment outcomes for alcohol-, cocaine-, and multisubstance-dependent patients.

We investigated whether pretreatment characteristics and measures of outcome differed for alcohol-, cocaine-, and multisubstance-dependent patients receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment. One hundred and forty substance dependent individuals (32 alcohol, 76 cocaine, and 32 multisubstance) enrolled in a 12-week outpatient treatment program were compared across measures of addiction severity, personality, and treatment-readiness at admission. In-treatment, end-of-treatment and 9-month follow-up assessments of treatment outcome were then compared across the three groups. Outcome measures included reduction in problem severity, abstinence, retention, number of sessions attended, dropout, and counselor and patient ratings of treatment benefit. At admission, the multisubstance group had a higher proportion of positive urines, reported more severe drug, alcohol and psychiatric problems, and displayed higher impulsivity and anxiety scores than one or both of the other groups. However, multisubstance patients were more treatment ready in terms of adopting a total abstinence orientation than alcohol or cocaine patients. While a significant reduction in symptoms occurred for the total sample during treatment as well as at follow-up, comparisons of outcomes did not consistently favor any particular group. The three groups had equivalent improvements in eleven of fourteen during-treatment and five of seven follow-up measures. Despite pretreatment differences, in severity and treatment-readiness, outcomes were more similar than different for alcohol-, cocaine-, and multisubstance-dependent patients. Clinicians should be cautious about forecasting treatment-outcomes for addicted patients based on their primary substances of abuse

Human uterine and placental arteries exhibit tissue-specific acute responses to 17β-estradiol and estrogen-receptor-specific agonists

The discrete regulation of vascular tone in the human uterine and placental circulations is a key determinant of appropriate uteroplacental blood perfusion and pregnancy success. Humoral factors such as estrogen, which increases in the placenta and maternal circulation throughout human pregnancy, may regulate these vascular beds as studies of animal arteries have shown that 17β-estradiol, or agonists of estrogen receptors (ER), can exert acute vasodilatory actions. The aim of this study was to compare how acute exposure to ER-specific agonists, and 17β-estradiol, altered human placental and uterine arterial tone in vitro. Uterine and placental arteries were isolated from biopsies obtained from women with uncomplicated pregnancy delivering a singleton infant at term. Vessels were mounted on a wire myograph, exposed to the thromboxane receptor agonist U46619 (10(−6) M), and then incubated with incremental doses (5 min, 0.03–30 µM) of either 17β-estradiol or agonists specific for the ERs ERα (PPT), ERβ (DPN) or the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER-1 (G1). ERα and ERβ mRNA expression was assessed. 17β-estradiol, PPT and DPN each relaxed myometrial arteries (P < 0.05) in a manner that was partly endothelium-dependent. In contrast, 17β-estradiol or DPN relaxed placental arteries (maximum relaxation to 42 ± 1.1 or 47.6 ± 6.53% of preconstriction, respectively) to a lesser extent than myometrial arteries (to 0.03 ± 0.03 or 8.0 ± 1.0%) and in an endothelial-independent manner whereas PPT was without effect. G1 exposure did not inhibit the constriction of myometrial nor placenta arteries. mRNA expression of ERα and ERβ was greater in myometrial arteries than placental arteries. ER-specific agonists, and 17β-estradiol, differentially modulate the tone of uterine versus placental arteries highlighting that estrogen may regulate human uteroplacental blood flow in a tissue-specific manner