Studies on Synthesis of Aldimines: Part-III. Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Bioactivity of Salicylaldimines

Compounds containing >C=N- (azomethine) were prepared from Salicylaldehyde with Aniline derivatives by conventional chemical synthesis method. The products are tested in process and the completion of reaction product formation was ascertained by TLC. The final products were characterized by physical viz. m.p., analytical viz. TLC, Instrumental viz. UV-Vis and FTIR spectral techniques. Results showed that all the marked activity coefficients(biopotential) for the studied compounds are less than the standard drug, Ketoconazole

Damping of gravitational waves by matter

We develop a unified description, via the Boltzmann equation, of damping of gravitational waves by matter, incorporating collisions. We identify two physically distinct damping mechanisms -- collisional and Landau damping. We first consider damping in flat spacetime, and then generalize the results to allow for cosmological expansion. In the first regime, maximal collisional damping of a gravitational wave, independent of the details of the collisions in the matter is, as we show, significant only when its wavelength is comparable to the size of the horizon. Thus damping by intergalactic or interstellar matter for all but primordial gravitational radiation can be neglected. Although collisions in matter lead to a shear viscosity, they also act to erase anisotropic stresses, thus suppressing the damping of gravitational waves. Damping of primordial gravitational waves remains possible. We generalize Weinberg's calculation of gravitational wave damping, now including collisions and particles of finite mass, and interpret the collisionless limit in terms of Landau damping. While Landau damping of gravitational waves cannot occur in flat spacetime, the expansion of the universe allows such damping by spreading the frequency of a gravitational wave of given wavevector.Comment: 9 pages (10 pages in journal), published versio

On the Predictiveness of Single-Field Inflationary Models

We re-examine the predictiveness of single-field inflationary models and discuss how an unknown UV completion can complicate determining inflationary model parameters from observations, even from precision measurements. Besides the usual naturalness issues associated with having a shallow inflationary potential, we describe another issue for inflation, namely, unknown UV physics modifies the running of Standard Model (SM) parameters and thereby introduces uncertainty into the potential inflationary predictions. We illustrate this point using the minimal Higgs Inflationary scenario, which is arguably the most predictive single-field model on the market, because its predictions for $A_s$, $r$ and $n_s$ are made using only one new free parameter beyond those measured in particle physics experiments, and run up to the inflationary regime. We find that this issue can already have observable effects. At the same time, this UV-parameter dependence in the Renormalization Group allows Higgs Inflation to occur (in principle) for a slightly larger range of Higgs masses. We comment on the origin of the various UV scales that arise at large field values for the SM Higgs, clarifying cut off scale arguments by further developing the formalism of a non-linear realization of $\rm SU_L(2) \times U(1)$ in curved space. We discuss the interesting fact that, outside of Higgs Inflation, the effect of a non-minimal coupling to gravity, even in the SM, results in a non-linear EFT for the Higgs sector. Finally, we briefly comment on post BICEP2 attempts to modify the Higgs Inflation scenario.Comment: 31 pp, 4 figures v4: Minor correction to section 3.1. Main arguments and conclusions unchange

Studies on Synthesis of Aldimines: Part-I. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Aldimines from Benzaldehyde with variedly substituted anilines

A conventional condensation reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, Benzaldehyde with seven different aromatic amines viz. Aniline, 2-Choro-aniline, 3-Choro-aniline, 4-Choro-aniline, 2-Nitro-aniline, 3-Nitro-aniline and 4-Nitro-aniline and reacted efficiently to synthesize a series of Aldmines, I to VII, in moderate to high yield and high purity. The reaction was monitored and the products were analyzed by employing the TLC technique. All the products obtained were characterized by their colour, physical constant, TLC, elemental analysis and spectral (UV-Vis and FTIR) method. The synthesized Aldimines were subjected to in vitro biological activity

Inflating in a Trough: Single-Field Effective Theory from Multiple-Field Curved Valleys

We examine the motion of light fields near the bottom of a potential valley in a multi-dimensional field space. In the case of two fields we identify three general scales, all of which must be large in order to justify an effective low-energy approximation involving only the light field, $\ell$. (Typically only one of these -- the mass of the heavy field transverse to the trough -- is used in the literature when justifying the truncation of heavy fields.) We explicitly compute the resulting effective field theory, which has the form of a $P(\ell,X)$ model, with $X = - 1/2(\partial \ell)^2$, as a function of these scales. This gives the leading ways each scale contributes to any low-energy dynamics, including (but not restricted to) those relevant for cosmology. We check our results with the special case of a homogeneous roll near the valley floor, placing into a broader context recent cosmological calculations that show how the truncation approximation can fail. By casting our results covariantly in field space, we provide a geometrical criterion for model-builders to decide whether or not the single-field and/or the truncation approximation is justified, identify its leading deviations, and to efficiently extract cosmological predictions.Comment: 28 pages + 3 appendices, references added and typos corrected, matches published versio

Nodal anatomical study in some Rubiaceae

Anatomies of the nodes belonging to 20 species 11 genera of the family Rubiaceae are investigated. Of these, 16 species exhibited trilacunar, three-traced supply to the leaves. In case of Canthium coromandelicum, Gardenia latifolia, G. longistyla, the nodes show five-lacunar, five-traced supply. In Luculia gratissiuma, they are unilacunar, one-traced. Variation in emergence of median and lateral traces however, is observed. It is the median trace that departs first in 15 species; whereas in the rest others lateral traces emerge earlier, except Luculia gratissima wherein the node being unilacunar, one-traced only. The stipule usually receives vascular supply from the lateral traces. However in Luculia gratissima, it is the solitary trace that bears vascular supply to them. The present authors are inclined to regard the unilacunar, one-traced supply basic for the family Rubiaceae, whereas others are thought later attainments.    &nbsp

Enhanced cytotoxicity of silver complexes bearing bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands

A diverse library of cationic silver complexes bearing bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands have been prepared which exhibit cytotoxicity comparable to cisplatin against the adenocarcinomas MCF7 and DLD1. Bidentate ligands show enhanced cytotoxicity over monodentate and macrocyclic ligands

Investigations on foliar epidermis in some Rubiaceae

The paper reports foliar epidermal features of 20 unstudied species belonging 12 genera of the family Rubiaceae. The foliar stomates although paracytic generally in the taxa investigated, other types are also noticed rarely or occasionally on the same surface. The other epidermal features such as stomatal index (S.I) and frequency (S.F), stomatal abnormalities, cell wall contours, cell inclusions, etc. have been described in detail. Significance of various epidermal features in taxonomy of the taxa investigated is discussed.Â

Dynamic and Channel Adaptive Error Control Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks

The application of wireless technology is increasingly influencing the deployment of sensor networks at low cost and maintainance in all walks of life. Poor channel conditions, severe power constraints, fading, interference and the low power communication requirements magnify the need for energy efficient and preferably cross layer error control schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The main goal of error control mechanisms in WSNs is to reduce the energy expenditure while taking care of reliable and fast delivery of the sensed data. In this paper, we propose a FFFD;Dynamic and Channel Adaptive Error Control Scheme in Wireless Sensor NetworksFFFD; (DCAECS) that estimates the channel errors and controls errors dynamically based on channel characteristics and noise power observed at the receiver. This motivates the error control strategy to vary as the channel conditions change in terms of noise level. In this paper, we have come up with the models for both the error and channel estimation. Analysis and simulation results for various message sizes and error conditions show that there is an improvement in terms of throughput, BER and the probability of retransmission as compared to FFFD;ARQ Scheme With Adaptive Error ControlFFFD; (ASAEC)

Response of Two Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Genotypes to Va-mycorrhizal Inoculation and Phosphorus Levels

The performance of two sunflower genotypes (Morden and MSFH-8) with and without VA-mycorrhizal fungi at three P levels (38, 56 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1) in vertisol of Dharwad was studied to determine the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth, yield and P uptake. The results showed that the VAM inoculation increased sunflower yield (14%), total biomass (16%), oil content (3.1%) and P uptake (30.5%) over uninoculated control. The percent root colonization and chlamydo-spore count decreased with increasing P levels. The total biomass production, seed yield and P uptake of mycorrhizal plants at 38 kg P2O5 ha-1 more than the non-mycorrhizal plants at 75 kg P2O5 ha-1. The biomass and seed yield of mycorrhizal plants at same P level were more than the non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants of Morden at 38 kg P2O5 ha-1 and MSFH-8 at 56 kg P2O5 ha-1 produced higher seed yield, oil content and total biomass than non-mycorrhizal plants supplied with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1. The results indicated that, VA-mycorrhizal inoculation helps in saving 25 and 50 percent of recommended dose of phosphatic fertilizer (75 kg P2O5 ha-1) in MSFH-8 (single cross hybrid) and Morden (open pollinated variety), respectively