Anatomies of the nodes belonging to 20 species 11 genera of the family Rubiaceae are investigated. Of these, 16 species exhibited trilacunar, three-traced supply to the leaves. In case of Canthium coromandelicum, Gardenia latifolia, G. longistyla, the nodes show five-lacunar, five-traced supply. In Luculia gratissiuma, they are unilacunar, one-traced. Variation in emergence of median and lateral traces however, is observed. It is the median trace that departs first in 15 species; whereas in the rest others lateral traces emerge earlier, except Luculia gratissima wherein the node being unilacunar, one-traced only. The stipule usually receives vascular supply from the lateral traces. However in Luculia gratissima, it is the solitary trace that bears vascular supply to them. The present authors are inclined to regard the unilacunar, one-traced supply basic for the family Rubiaceae, whereas others are thought later attainments.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp

Patil, C R

Patil, D A

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Journal of Experimental Sciences 2012, 3(3): 15-18 ISSN: 2218-1768 Available Online: http://jexpsciences.com/    Nodal anatomical study in some Rubiaceae  C.R. Patil*1 and D.A.Patil2  1Department of Botany, Rani Laxmibai College, Parola-425111, District Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. 2P.G. Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.S’s L.K.Dr.P.R.Ghogrey Science College, Dhule – 424005, Maharashtra, India.  Abstract  Anatomies of the nodes belonging to 20 species 11 genera of the family Rubiaceae are investigated. Of these, 16 species exhibited trilacunar, three-traced supply to the leaves. In case of Canthium coromandelicum, Gardenia latifolia, G. longistyla, the nodes show five-lacunar, five-traced supply. In Luculia gratissiuma, they are unilacunar, one-traced. Variation in emergence of median and lateral traces however, is observed. It is the median trace that departs first in 15 species; whereas in the rest others lateral traces emerge earlier, except Luculia gratissima wherein the node being unilacunar, one-traced only. The stipule usually receives vascular supply from the lateral traces. However in Luculia gratissima, it is the solitary trace that bears vascular supply to them. The present authors are inclined to regard the unilacunar, one-traced supply basic for the family Rubiaceae, whereas others are thought later attainments.      Keywords: Nodal anatomy, Rubiaceae.  INTRODUCTION       Nodal anatomy of the family Rubiaceae has been investigated in past (cf. Sinnott, 1914; Sinnott and Bailey, 1914; Mitra, 1948; Majumdar and Pal, 1958a, 1958b, 1959; Pal, 1959;   Howard, 1970; Rao et.al. 1971; Neubauer, 1981; Sisode and Patil, 2004. There are, however, many rubiaceous taxa uninvestigated nodal anatomically. The present authors extended more observations on such hitherto unstudied taxa, the result of which is being communicated in this paper.    MATERIALS AND METHODS       The plant materials were collected from different places of India like Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvanthapuram District (Kerala); Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Trichur (Kerala); Calicut University, Botanical  Garden (Kerala); Government Botanic Garden, Ootacamund (Tamilnadu); Lal Bag Botanic Garden, Bangalore (Karnataka), and Morkaranja and Charanmal, District Dhule (Maharashtra). The collected materials were preserved in F.A.A. solution, and then permanently preserved in (70%) alcohol. Free hand serial successive transections of nodal region were taken. They were stained in safranin (1%) and fast green (1%) combination. The stained sections were mounted in 50% glycerin and sealed with nail paint.        The magnifications of the eyepieces used 5X, objectives 5X. The line sketches were drawn using prismatic type of camera lucida. These sketches were inked by using Camligraph or Rotring isographs technical inking pens with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 points. Abbreviations       AB: Axillary bundle, L: Lateral trace, M: Median trace.  OBSERVATIONS       The present authors studied nodal anatomy of 20 species belonging to 11 genera of the family Rubiaceae for the sake precision, the observations are tabulated in the Table- I.  Discussion       For the present contribution, the authors investigated 20 rubiaceous species belonging to eleven genera nodal anatomically. The taxa investigated revealed unilacunar, one-traced, trilacunar, three- traced and pentalacunar, five-traced supply to the leaves. Unilacunar, one-traced condition is observed only in Luculia gratissima, whereas pentalacunar, five-traced supply is noted in case of Canthium coromandelicum, Gardenia latifolis and G. longistyla. Majority of rubiaceous species however, exhibit trilacunar, three-traced condition. Various views have been advanced to interpret the primitivity of nodal structure. Unilacunar, one-traced; unilacunar, two-traced, trilacunar, three-traced, multilacunar, multi-traced, etc. have been conceived primitive by different authors (cf. Sinnott and Bailey, 1914; Marsden and Bailey, 1955; Takhtajan, 1969; Canright, 1955; Bailey, 1956; Ozenda, 1949; Benzig, 1967; etc.) Investigation on nodal anatomy by earlier authors  (cf.Sinnot, 1914; Sinnott and Bailey, 1914; Mitra, 1948; Majumdar and Pal, 1958a, 1958b, 1959; Pal, 1959; Howard, 1970; Rao et al.1971; Neubauer, 1981, Sisode and Patil, 2004) and taxa of the present account indicate that unilacunar, one-traced condition appears basic, whereas the other types viz., trilacunar, three-traced and pentalacunar, five-traced ones are later attainments. Sisode and Patil, 2004) while studying junrenile nodes of the Rubiaceae reached to the similar conclusion. The leaves in the Rubiaceae are usually stipulate. Especially interpetiolar stipules are present. They receive vascular supply generally from the lateral traces from the nodes. However, in case of unilacunar, one-traced nodes, it is obtained from the solitary   Received: Feb 05, 2012; Revised: Feb 27, 2012; Accepted. March 22, 2012.  *Corresponding Author C.R. Patil  Department of Botany, Rani Laxmibai College, Parola-425111, District Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.  Email: crpatil_ayush @ rediffmail.com.    Patil and Patil   16(median) vascular trace. In general, it is the median trace that emerges first. There are few taxa in which the lateral traces depart first e.g. Gardenia gummifera, G. jasminoides and G. latifolia.  Table 1.  Sr. No. Plant Name Basic Vascular Supply Emergence of Median / Lateral Earlier Source of Stipular Supply Figures La= Lacuna T= Trace 1 Canthium coromandelicum ( Burm. f.) Alston 5 La 5 T Median Lateral 1a, 1b, 1c. 2 Canthium rheedei  DC. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 2a, 2b, 2c. 3 Chassalia ophioxyloides(Wall.) Craib 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 3a, 3b, 3c. 4 Coprosma baueri Endl. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 4a, 4b, 4c. 5 Coprosma lucida J.R. et G. Forst. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 5a, 5b, 5c. 6 Gardenia gummifera L. f. 3 La 3 T Lateral Lateral 6a, 6b, 6c. 7 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 3 La 3 T Lateral Lateral 7a, 7b, 7c. 8 Gardenia latifolia  Aiton 5 La 5 T Lateral Lateral 8a, 8b,8 c. 9 Gardenia longistyla (DC.) Hook. 5 La 5 T Median Lateral 9a, 9b,9 c. 10 Geophila repens (L.) Johnston 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 10a, 10b, 10c. 11 Guettarda speciosa L. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 11a, 11b, 11c. 12 Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 12a, 12b, 12c. 13 Hedyotis stylosa  R. Br. ex Wight & Arn. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 13a, 13b, 13c. 14 Hymenodictyon orixense( Roxb.) Mabb. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 14a, 14b, 14c. 15 Ixora alba L. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 15a, 15b, 15c. 16 Ixora brachiata Roxb. ex DC. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 16a, 16b, 16c. 17 Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. ex Don 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 17a, 17b, 17c. 18 Ixora javanica  DC. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 18a, 18b, 18c. 19 Ixora johnsonii Hook. f. 3 La 3 T Median Lateral 19a, 19b, 19c 20 Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet 1 La 1 T Median Median 20a, 20b, 20c.                                    Journal of Experimental Sciences 2012, 3(3): 15-18  17                                                            Patil and Patil   18  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS       One of us (CRP) heartfully thanks Hon’ble Ex.M.P. Kakasaheb Vasantrao More, the Chairman, and also the Principal of our college for laboratory facilities and inspirations. He is grateful to Dr. E.S. Santoshkumar, Department of Botany, Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Palode (Kerala) for collection and identification of some plant materials and authorities of Government Botanical Garden, Ootacamund (Tamilnadu) and Lalbag Garden, Banglore (Karnataka) for their help in collection of plant materials. I am also thankful to his colleague Mr. Ajay Patil for helping him in the laboratory work.   REFERENCES [1] Bailey I. W. 1956. Nodal anatomy in retrospect. J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 269 – 287.  [2] Benzig, D. 1967 Development pattern in stem primary xylem of wood Ranales, I and II. Amer J. Bot. 54: 805-823. [3] Canright, J. E. 1955. The comparative morphology and relationship of the Megnoliaceae IV. Wood and nodal anatomy. J. Arnold Arbor 36: 119-140.  [4] Howard, R.A. 1970. Some observations on the nodes of woody plants with special reference to the problem of the “split-lateral” versus the “common gap”. – In Robson, N.K.B., Cutler, D.F., Gregory, M. (eds.): New Research in Plant Anatomy – Bot. J. Linn. Soc. Suppl., 1; 63: 195-214. [5] Majumdar, G.P. and  P.K. Pal .1958a. The interpetiolar stipules of Galim mollugo L. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 48B: 211-222.   [6] Majumdar, G.P. and P.K. Pal. 1958b. The stipules of the Rubiaceae – A review Trans. Bose Res. Inst. 22: 57-68. [7] Majumdar, G.P. and P.K. Pal. 1959. Stipules of Rubiaceae-II. Stipules of Anthocephalus cadamba Miq., Hamelia patens Jacq. And H. sphaerocarpa Ruiz and Pav. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 12: 51-62.  [8] Mitra, G.C.1948.Developmental studies on stipules: The interpetiolar stipules of Rubiaceae with special reference to Paederia foetida and Ixora parviflors. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 27: 150-166. [9] Marsden, M. P. F. and I. W. Bailey.1955.A fourth type of nodal anatomy in dicotyledons illustrated by Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb. J. Arnold Arbor 36: 1 -50. [10] Neubauer, H.F. 1981.Nodal anatomy of some Rubiaceae, Pl. Syst. Evol. 139: 103-111. [11] Ozenda, P.1949. Recherches Sur les dictyledones apocarpiques contribution a letude des angiosperms ditesprimitives. Ecole Normal Super Publ. Lab. Biol. Paris. [12] Pal, P. K. 1959. Developmental studies-IV. The origin and vascularization of the stipules and axillary buds of Gardenia, Portlandia, Randia, Mussaenda, Luculia, Coffea, Adina, Morinda, Hymenodictyon and Rubia, Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. B 25:  279-299.  [13] Rao, V.S., V.Arora and K. Gupte.1971.The vasculature of the stipule and petiole in some Rubiaceae. J. Univ. Bombay 40: 8-24.     [14] Sinnott, E.W.1914.The anatomy of the node as an aid in the classification of Angiosperms. I. Amer. J. Bot. 1: 303-322. [15] Sinnott, E.W. and I.W. Bailey.1914.Investigations on the phylogeny of theangiosperms-III. Nodal anatomy and morphology of stipules, Amer. J. Bot. 1: 441-453. [16] Sisode, S. B. and D. A. Patil .2004. Nodal anatomy of seedling in some Rubiaceae. J.Phytol.Res 17(1): 29-32. [17] Takhtajan, A. D.1969. Flowering plants: Origin and dispersal Oliver and Boyd. Edinbrugh, (English tranl. by C. J. Jeffrey).   

Nodal anatomical study in some Rubiaceae

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Nodal anatomical study in some Rubiaceae

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