Disposition of voriconazole during continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in a single patient

Objectives: To determine whether voriconazole dosage adjustment is required during continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Methods: Voriconazole pharmacokinetics were studied in a critically ill patient under CVVHDF. The analysis was carried out for 12 h following a 6 mg/kg dose. Voriconazole concentrations were measured by HPLC in blood inlet and outlet lines and in dialysate. Results: The total body clearance of voriconazole was 20.3 L/h, with a terminal half-life of 13.7 h and a distribution volume of 399 L. The estimated sieving coefficient was 0.53 and the filtration-dialysis clearance 1.2 L/h. Conclusions: CVVHDF does not significantly affect voriconazole disposition and requires no dosage adjustmen

Relationships Among The Crown Dimensions And The Height Of Dominant Trees In Stands Of Pinus taeda L.

Com o objetivo de descrever e modelar as rela\ue7\uf5es morfom\ue9tricas entre o di\ue2metro de copa, a percentagem de copa, o comprimento de copa exposto \ue0 luz e a altura das \ue1rvores dominantes, em povoamentos de Pinus taeda L. foram amostradas 187 unidades amostrais do tipo proposto por Prodan, modificadas para 12 \ue1rvores, distribu\ueddas sobre s\uedtios bons e ruins. Em cada unidade amostral, foram identificadas duas \ue1rvores dominantes e medidas as dimens\uf5es do di\ue2metro \ue0 altura do peito, a altura total, os comprimentos de copa e de copa exposto a luz e, o di\ue2metro de copa sob oito raios. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o di\ue2metro de copa e o comprimento de copa exposto \ue0 luz crescem com o aumento da altura dominante sendo que as duas rela\ue7\uf5es podem ser descritas com boa precis\ue3o estat\uedstica por um modelo matem\ue1tico curvilinear. A rela\ue7\ue3o da percentagem de copa com a altura dominante apresenta alta signific\ue2ncia estat\uedstica descrita por modelo curvilinear decrescente, tendo sido identificados por an\ue1lise de covari\ue2ncia tr\ueas grupos distintos de curvas segundo o local de origem dos dados. A percentagem de copa diminui com o aumento da altura dominante.Aiming at describing and modeling the morphometric relationships among the crown diameter, the crown percentage, the length of the crown exposed to light and the height of the dominant trees in stand of Pinus taeda L., one hundred and eighty seven sample units were studied considering the type proposed by Prodan, modified for twelve trees, distributed on good and bad stands. In each sample unit, two dominant trees were identified and the dimensions of the diameter at breast height, the total height, the crown lengths and the length of crown exposed to light and the crown diameter under eight rays were measured. Results allowed concluding that the crown diameter and the length of the crown exposed to light grow with the increase of the dominant height, and the two relationships can be described with good statistical precision by a curvilinear mathematical model. The relationship of the crown percentage with the dominant height presented high statistical significance described by a decreasing curvilinear model, having been identified by analysis of covariance three different groups of curves according to the place of origin of the data. The crown percentage decreases with the increase of the dominant height

Disposition of voriconazole during continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in a single patient.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether voriconazole dosage adjustment is required during continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). METHODS: Voriconazole pharmacokinetics were studied in a critically ill patient under CVVHDF. The analysis was carried out for 12 h following a 6 mg/kg dose. Voriconazole concentrations were measured by HPLC in blood inlet and outlet lines and in dialysate. RESULTS: The total body clearance of voriconazole was 20.3 L/h, with a terminal half-life of 13.7 h and a distribution volume of 399 L. The estimated sieving coefficient was 0.53 and the filtration-dialysis clearance 1.2 L/h. CONCLUSIONS: CVVHDF does not significantly affect voriconazole disposition and requires no dosage adjustment

Dupla extrusão uretral assincrônica de prótese peniana semi-rígida: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

This case reports a 61 year-old man who presented urinary retention 4 years after theinsertion of the penile prosthesis. The prosthesis was extrused through the urethralmeatus. This patient had another prosthesis extrused 2 years before. There are fewcases in the literature about this rare complication. We present the case and literaturereview.Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 61 anos com retenção urinária e portador deprótese peniana semi-rígida há 4 anos. Ao exame físico, uma haste de prótese protuíase pelo meato uretral. O paciente tinha história de extrusão de outra haste da prótesehá 2 anos. Essa rara complicação é pouco citada na literatura, não sendo encontradadescrição de dupla extrusão. Descrevemos o caso e revisamos a literatura

Estimating the number of children exposed to parental psychiatric disorders through a national health survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>Children whose parents have psychiatric disorders experience an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders, and have higher rates of developmental problems and mortality. Assessing the size of this population is important for planning of preventive strategies which target these children.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>National survey data (CCHS 1.2) was used to estimate the number of children exposed to parental psychiatric disorders. Disorders were diagnosed using the World Psychiatric Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) (12 month prevalence). Data on the number of children below 12 years of age in the home, and the relationship of the respondents with the children, was used to estimate exposure. Parent-child relations were identified, as was single parenthood. Using a design-based analysis, the number of children exposed to parental psychiatric disorders was calculated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Almost 570,000 children under 12 live in households where the survey respondent met criteria for one or more mood, anxiety or substance use disorders in the previous 12 months, corresponding to 12.1% of Canadian children under the age of 12. Almost 3/4 of these children have parents that report receiving no mental health care in the 12 months preceding the survey. For 17% of all Canadian children under age 12, the individual experiencing a psychiatric disorder is the only parent in the household.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The high number of children exposed causes major concern and has important implications. Although these children will not necessarily experience adversities, they possess an elevated risk of accidents, mortality, and of developing psychiatric disorders. We expect these estimates will promote further research and stimulate discussion at both health policy and planning tables.</p

Maternal Programming of Sexual Behavior and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Function in the Female Rat

Variations in parental care predict the age of puberty, sexual activity in adolescence and the age at first pregnancy in humans. These findings parallel descriptions of maternal effects on phenotypic variation in reproductive function in other species. Despite the prevalence of such reports, little is known about potential biological mechanisms and this especially true for effects on female reproductive development. We examined the hypothesis that parental care might alter hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function and thus reproductive function in the female offspring of rat mothers that vary pup licking/grooming (LG) over the first week postpartum. As adults, the female offspring of Low LG mothers showed 1) increased sexual receptivity; 2) increased plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone at proestrus; 3) an increased positive-feedback effect of estradiol on both plasma LH levels and gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH) expression in the medial preoptic region; and 4) increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression in the anterioventral paraventricular nucleus, a system that regulates GnRH. The results of a cross-fostering study provide evidence for a direct effect of postnatal maternal care as well as a possible prenatal influence. Indeed, we found evidence for increased fetal testosterone levels at embryonic day 20 in the female fetuses of High compared to Low LG mothers. Finally, the female offspring of Low LG mothers showed accelerated puberty compared to those of High LG mothers. These data suggest maternal effects in the rat on the development of neuroendocrine systems that regulate female sexual behaviour. Together with studies revealing a maternal effect on the maternal behavior of the female offspring, these findings suggest that maternal care can program alternative reproductive phenotypes in the rat through regionally-specific effects on ERα expression

Was it Uruguay or Coffee? The causes of the beef jerky industry’s decline in southern Brazil (1850 – 1889)

What caused the decline of the beef jerky’s production in Brazil? The main sustenance for slaves, beef jerky was the most important industry in southern Brazil. Nevertheless, by 1850, producers were already worried that they could not compete with Uruguayan industry. Traditional interpretations impute the decline to labor markets differences in productivity, since Brazil used slaves while Uruguay had abolished slavery in 1842. Recent research also raises the possibility of a Brazilian “Dutch Disease”, resulting from the coffee exports boom. We test both hypothesis and argue that Brazilian production’s decline was associated with structural changes in demand for low quality meat. Trade protection policies created disincentives for Brazilian producers to increase productivity and diversify its cattle industry