Role of IL-36 Cytokines in the Regulation of Angiogenesis Potential of Trophoblast Cells

IL-36 cytokines (the agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and the antagonist IL-36Ra) are expressed in the mouse uterus and associated with maternal immune response during pregnancy. Here, we characterize the expression of IL-36 members in human primary trophoblast cells (PTC) and trophoblastic cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3) and upon treatment with bacterial and viral components. Effects of recombinant IL-36 on the migration capacity of trophoblastic cells, their ability to interact with endothelial cells and the induction of angiogenic factors and miRNAs (angiomiRNAs) were examined. Constitutive protein expression of IL-36 (α, β, and γ) and their receptor (IL-36R) was found in all cell types. In PTC, transcripts for all IL-36 subtypes were found, whereas in trophoblastic cell lines only for IL36G and IL36RN. A synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the expression of IL-36 members in a cell-specific and time-dependent manner. In HTR-8/SVneo cells, IL-36 cytokines increased cell migration and their capacity to interact with endothelial cells. VEGFA and PGF mRNA and protein, as well as the angiomiRNAs miR-146a-3p and miR-141-5p were upregulated as IL-36 response in PTC and HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, IL-36 cytokines are modulated by microbial components and regulate trophoblast migration and interaction with endothelial cells. Therefore, a fundamental role of these cytokines in the placentation process and in response to infections may be expected

Megaproyectos urbanos y productivos. Impactos socio-territoriales

El desarrollo de megaproyectos productivos trae consigo oportunidades para el crecimiento económico, la generación de empleos y el desarrollo regional. No obstante, en la actualidad, los grandes temas como la expansión urbana, el desarrollo industrial, las cementeras, la minería, el uso intensivo del agua y demás recursos naturales, preocupan a las comunidades por los impactos generados y porque en lo general, no consideran la racionalidad y responsabilidad ambiental y social hacia el entorno. En este contexto son diversos los estudios científicos que, en el marco de la política de económica imperante, intentan posicionarse como alternativas a proyectos económicos que confrontan los intereses particulares y comunitarios y que afectan la salud humana y ambiental. Megaproyectos urbanos y productivos. Impactos socio-territoriales, reúne veinticinco textos académicos sobre las afectaciones que éstos emprendimientos tienen para la sociedad y el entorno. Los temas expuestos recogen experiencias en el desarrollo urbano, industrial, turístico, portuario y aeroportuario, entre otros. Así mismo se retoman temas como la ética, la dialéctica, la política y la economía y su relación en el emprendimiento de megaproyectos. La búsqueda de esquemas productivos racionales y responsables con el entorno, que reivindiquen el derecho de las comunidades a un medio ambiente sano, a la preservación del territorio y sus recursos y de las formas de vida tradicionales, son los referentes para la realización del presente libro. Como elemento central se concibe el territorio como contenedor de identidad y vida, siendo preocupación y tema de estudio de la comunidad académica, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y las redes de activistas organizados.UAEM, CONACyT, se

Photoluminescent spectroscopy measurements in nanocrystalline praseodymium doped zirconia powders

Praseodymium doped zirconia powder (ZrO2: (0.53 at%) Pr3+) was prepared by a co-precipitation technique and annealed in air at a temperature T-a=950 degrees C. The x-ray diffraction pattern shows a nanocrystalline structure composed of 29.6% monoclinic and 70.4% cubic-tetragonal phases. Medium infrared and Raman analysis confirms the monoclinic/cubic-tetragonal crystalline structure and proves the absence of praseodymium aggregates in the material. Photoluminescent spectroscopy over excitations of 457.9 and 514.9 nm (at 20 K), shows two emission spectra composed of many narrow peaks in the visible-near infrared region (VIS-NIR) of the electromagnetic spectrum, associated with 4f inter-level electronic transitions in praseodymium ions incorporated in the zirconia. Excitation and emission spectra show the different mechanisms of the direct and non-direct excitation of the dopant ion (Pr3+), and the preferential relaxation of the material by charge transfer from the host (zirconia) to the 4f5d band and the 4f inter-level of the dopant ion (Pr3+). No evidence of energy transfer from the host to the dopant was observed

MES SV40 Cells Are Sensitive to Lipopolysaccharide, Peptidoglycan, and Poly I:C Expressing IL-36 Cytokines

Mesangial cells (MC) maintain the architecture and cellular communication and indirectly join in the glomerular filtration rate for the correct functioning of the glomerulus. Consequently, these cells are activated constantly in response to changes in the intraglomerular environment due to a metabolic imbalance or infection. IL-36, a member of the IL-1 family, is a cytokine that initiates and maintains inflammation in different tissues in acute and chronic pathologies, including the skin, lungs, and intestines. In the kidney, IL-36 has been described in the development of tubulointerstitial lesions, the production of an inflammatory environment, and is associated with metabolic and mesangioproliferative disorders. The participation of IL-36 in functional dysregulation and the consequent generation of the inflammatory environment by MCs in the presence of microbial stimulation is not yet elucidated. In this work, the MES SV40 cell cultures were stimulated with classical pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), mimicking an infection by negative and positive bacteria as well as a viral infection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) microbial wall components, and a viral mimic poly I:C were used, and the mRNA and protein expression of the IL-36 members were assessed. We observed a differential and dose-dependent IL-36 mRNA and protein expression under LPS, PGN, and poly I:C stimulation. IL-36β was only found when the cells were treated with LPS, while IL-36α and IL-36γ were favored by PGN and poly I:C stimulation. We suggest that the microbial components participate in the activation of MCs, leading them to the production of IL-36, in which a specific member may participate in the origin and maintenance of inflammation in the glomerular environment that is associated with infections

Role of IL-36 Cytokines in the Regulation of Angiogenesis Potential of Trophoblast Cells

IL-36 cytokines (the agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and the antagonist IL-36Ra) are expressed in the mouse uterus and associated with maternal immune response during pregnancy. Here, we characterize the expression of IL-36 members in human primary trophoblast cells (PTC) and trophoblastic cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3) and upon treatment with bacterial and viral components. Effects of recombinant IL-36 on the migration capacity of trophoblastic cells, their ability to interact with endothelial cells and the induction of angiogenic factors and miRNAs (angiomiRNAs) were examined. Constitutive protein expression of IL-36 (α, β, and γ) and their receptor (IL-36R) was found in all cell types. In PTC, transcripts for all IL-36 subtypes were found, whereas in trophoblastic cell lines only for IL36G and IL36RN. A synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the expression of IL-36 members in a cell-specific and time-dependent manner. In HTR-8/SVneo cells, IL-36 cytokines increased cell migration and their capacity to interact with endothelial cells. VEGFA and PGF mRNA and protein, as well as the angiomiRNAs miR-146a-3p and miR-141-5p were upregulated as IL-36 response in PTC and HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, IL-36 cytokines are modulated by microbial components and regulate trophoblast migration and interaction with endothelial cells. Therefore, a fundamental role of these cytokines in the placentation process and in response to infections may be expected

Looking for the high energy component of GRBs at the Large Aperture GRB Observatory

Abstract: The LAGO project aims at the detection of high energy photons from GRBs using the single particle technique in ground based water Cherenkov detectors. To reach a reasonable sensitivity, high altitude mountain sites have been selected and detectors are in operation in Mexico (Sierra Negra, 4650m a.s.l.) and Bolivia (Chacaltaya, 5300m a.s.l.). We report on detector calibration and operation at high altitude, search for bursts in 4 months of preliminary data, as well as search for signal when satellites report a burst

Geophysical survey at the early Christian complex of Son Peretó (Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain)

Rural basilicas are the most important evidence of Christianization of the countryside on the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Recent investigations of rural landscape transformations suggest that some churches were built along communication routes and linked to pre-existing settlements. To obtain new data that could support this hypothesis, a geophysical survey has been carried out at the early Christian complex of Son Peretó, one of the most emblematic sites for the understanding of Late Antiquity on the island. The objective was to better define the site that is undergoing excavation, and to investigate the possible presence of other constructions further than the Christian complex. The geophysical survey was carried out combining magnetometry and groundpenetrating radar. For the magnetic investigation of large site areas, a 7-probe fluxgate gradiometer array LEA MAX was used. GPR was used to examine the areas nearby the remains already excavated and to better define areas where magnetometry revealed interesting anomalies. GPR was developed by means of the IDS GPR system, which was based on the Fast-Wave module. The results revealed both the presence of architectural remains beneath the soil that help define the early Christian complex, as well as other remains that suggest the church was part of a larger settlement