Use of growth factors and platelet rich plasma

En el plasma sanguíneo se encuentran los factores de crecimiento plaquetario, proteínas con un papel clave dentro del proceso de reparación y regeneración de los tejidos. La aplicación de los factores de crecimiento estimula y acelera los procesos de cicatrización y regeneración de la mayoría de los tejidos que componen nuestro organismo. Todo esto justifica su utilización en el tratamiento de diferentes lesiones. La obtención y preparación de una dosis terapéutica de PRP y su posterior infiltración en la zona dañada acelera el proceso de restauración de los tejidos implicados, consiguiendo una recuperación más temprana y en menos tiempo.In blood plasma are platelet growth factors, proteins with a key role in the process of repair and tissue regeneration. The application of growth factors stimulates and accelerates the healing process and regeneration of most tissues of our body comprising. This justifies its use in the treatment of different lesions. The collection and preparation of a therapeutic dose of PRP and subsequent infiltration into the damaged area accelerates restoration of tissue involved, getting an earlier recovery in less time

Prevalence of depression in patients with breast cancer

1.- INTRODUCCIÓN: La depresión es una sintomatología muy frecuente en los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de mama y su tratamiento. Se plantea una revisión de la literatura para analizar la prevalencia de la depresión en personas con cáncer de mama. 2.- METODOS: Revisión sistemática. Bases de datos: EMBASE (1999-2010) PUBMED (1981-2010). Se incluyeron los artículos que relacionaban prevalencia y depresión en cáncer de mama. 3.- RESULTADOS: Se localizaron 49 estudios; sólo 12 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, se encontró 7 estudios descriptivos y 5 analíticos. La prevalencia de depresión encontrada en los estudios oscila entre el 6%-57%. 4.- CONCLUSIONES: La disparidad de datos obtenidos conlleva a la falta de una evidencia empírica de la prevalencia de la depresión en personas con cáncer de mama.1. – INTRODUCTION: Depressive disorder is a usual symptom in patients with breast cancer diagnoses and treatment. The purpose of this study is to systematically analize the prevalence of depression in breast cancer people. 2. – METHODS: Systematic review. Database: EMBASE (1999-2010), PUBMED (1981-2010). We included articles that related depression prevalence to breast cancer. 3. – RESULTS: 49 studios were located. Only 12 met inclusion criteria. We found 7 descriptive studios and 5 analytic studios. The prevalence of depression found in studies ranges from 6%- 57%. 4. – CONCLUSION: The disparity of the data obtained connotes a lack of empiric evidence of the prevalence of depression on people with breast cancer

An assessment of health management and biosecurity procedures in marine fish farming in Spain

Marine fish farming in Spain has experienced problems of performance due to losses caused by infectious diseases. Biosecurity and health management are identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as current priorities for proper aquaculture governance. However, they both transcend the responsibility of farmers and require significant resources, concerted action and cooperation. This study presents the analysis of biosecurity practices on marine fish farms, through a questionnaire-based survey on biosecurity procedures and an analysis of health management practices for different stakeholders. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) technique was implemented, which identified the important threats and weaknesses faced by the sector, such as the risk of direct disease transmission between farms, the high likelihood of importing diseases through juvenile shipments, the chronic lack of communication between stakeholders, and the deficient coordination of health strategies. Strengths included awareness of prevention measures and the availability of expertize of health experts at most levels. On the other hand, the availability of experts together with the need to adapt governance to the current production systems were seen as opportunities. Health management measures themselves were actually already found to be adapted to the type of production but they varied between companies (i.e. categorization and diagnosis of mortalities). Nevertheless, the quality of expertize along the value chain provided by private and public laboratories, research institutes, Health Protection Groups, companies and veterinarians was noteworthy. However, there was still a need for all stakeholders involved in marine fish health to improve diagnostics, provide epidemiological information, biosecurity and prevention measures, as well as to promote transparency for better health governance

The association of parental genetic, lifestyle, and social determinants of health with offspring overweight

In the UK, the number of comorbidities seen in children has increased along with the worsening obesity rate. These comorbidities worsen into adulthood. Genomewide association studies have highlighted single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the weight status of adults and offspring individually. To date, in the UK, parental genetic, lifestyle, and social determinants of health have not been investigated alongside one another as influencers of offspring weight status. A comprehensive obesity prevention scheme would commence prior to conception and involve parental intervention including all known risk factors. This current study aims to identify the proportion of overweight that can be explained by known parental risk factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and social determinants of health with offspring weight status in the UK. Methods: A crosssectional study was carried out on 123 parents. Parental and offspring anthropometric data and parental lifestyle and social determinants of health data were self-reported. Parental genetic data were collected by use of GeneFiX saliva collection vials and genotype were assessed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene rs6265, melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene rs17782313, transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) gene rs2867125, and serine/threonine-protein kinase (TNN13K) gene rs1514175. Associations were assessed between parental data and the weight status of offspring. Results: Maternal body mass index modestly predicted child weight status (p < 0.015; R2 = 0.15). More mothers of overweight children carried the MC4R rs17782313 risk allele (77.8%; p = 0.007) compared to mothers of normal-weight children. Additionally, fathers who were not Caucasian and parents who slept for < 7 h/night had a larger percentage of overweight children when compared to their counterparts (p = 0.039; p = 0.014, respectively). Conclusion: Associations exist between the weight status of offspring based solely on parental genetic, lifestyle, and social determinants of health data. Further research is required to appropriately address future interventions based on genetic and lifestyle risk groups on a pre-parent cohort

A U-shaped protection of altitude against mortality and infection of COVID-19 in Peru: An ecological study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in multiple ways and has been a challenge for the health systems of each country. From the beginning, risk factors for the severity and mortality of the disease were considered, as the spread of the virus was related to the living conditions of each population. Methods In this ecological study we have evaluated the role of geography, precisely the altitude above sea level in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in Peru. Incidence and mortality data were taken from the open-access database of the government of Peru until March 2021. COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 mortality were treated as cases/density population and 1000 x cases/inhabitants while altitude was treated as continuous and as a categorical variable divided in 7 categories. The relationship between COVID-19 cases or deaths for COVID-19 and altitude as continuous variable was determined using Spearman correlation test. Meanwhile when altitude was considered as a categorical variable, Poisson regression or negative binomial analyses were applied. Results A significant inverse correlation was found between COVID-19 cases by population density and altitude (r=-0.37 p < 0.001). By altitude categories, the lowest risk for infection was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 m (IRR 0.08; 95% CI 0.05,0.12). Moreover, we found an inverse correlation between altitude and COVID-19 mortality (r=-0.39 p < 0.001). Also, the lowest risk for mortality was observed between 3,000 and 3,500 m (IRR 0.12; 95%CI 0.08; 0.18). Similar results were found when analyses were adjusted for inhabitants and stratified by sex. Conclusion This study reports an inverse relationship between COVID-19 incidence and mortality with respect to the altitude of residence, particularly, a u-shaped protection is shown, with a highest benefit between 3000 and 3500 m. The possibility of using hypoxia as an alternative treatment requires more complex studies that should allow knowing the physiological and environmental mechanisms of the protective role

Stigmatella aurantiaca, un mixobacteri amb aspecte de mixomicet, trobat al Parc de Collserola (Catalunya)

Stigmatella allrantiaca, un mixobacteri amb aspecte de mixomicet, trobat al Parc de Collserola (Catalunya). Stigmatella aurantiaca ha estat trobada sobre restes vegetals recol&middot;lectades a Collserola, prop de Barcelona (Catalunya). Es tracta d'un mixobacteri que rarament es pot veure formant cossos fructífers a la natura i es pot confondre fàcilment amb un mixomicet immadur. Forma grups de cossos fructífers molt petits, de color taronja, portats per pedicels blancs.Stigmatella allrantiaca, a myxomycete-looking myxobacterium, found in Collserola Park (Catalonia). Stigmatella aurantiaca has been found on plant debris collected in ColIserola, near Barcelona (Catalonia). It belongs to myxobacteria, a group of procariotes rarely found fonuing fruiting bodies in the nature, where it may easily be confused with an immature myxomycete. It forms clusters of tiny fruiting bodies, orange coloured, on white stalks.Stigmatella aurantiaca, una mixobacteria con aspecto de mixomicete, hallada en el Parque de Collserola (Cataluña). Stigmatella aurantiaca ha sido encontrada sobre restos vegetales recolectados en Collserola, cerca de Barcelona (Cataluña). Se trata de una mixobacteria que raramente se puede ver formando cuerpos fructíferos en la naturaleza y que fácilmente se puede confundir con algún mixomicete inmaduro. Forma grupos de diminutos cuerpos fructíferos de color naranja, sostenidos por pedicelos blancos

Stigmatella aurantiaca, un mixobacteri amb aspecte de mixomicet, trobat al Parc de Collserola (Catalunya)

Stigmatella allrantiaca, un mixobacteri amb aspecte de mixomicet, trobat al Parc de Collserola (Catalunya). Stigmatella aurantiaca ha estat trobada sobre restes vegetals recol&middot;lectades a Collserola, prop de Barcelona (Catalunya). Es tracta d'un mixobacteri que rarament es pot veure formant cossos fructífers a la natura i es pot confondre fàcilment amb un mixomicet immadur. Forma grups de cossos fructífers molt petits, de color taronja, portats per pedicels blancs.Stigmatella aurantiaca, una mixobacteria con aspecto de mixomicete, hallada en el Parque de Collserola (Cataluña). Stigmatella aurantiaca ha sido encontrada sobre restos vegetales recolectados en Collserola, cerca de Barcelona (Cataluña). Se trata de una mixobacteria que raramente se puede ver formando cuerpos fructíferos en la naturaleza y que fácilmente se puede confundir con algún mixomicete inmaduro. Forma grupos de diminutos cuerpos fructíferos de color naranja, sostenidos por pedicelos blancos.Stigmatella allrantiaca, a myxomycete-looking myxobacterium, found in Collserola Park (Catalonia). Stigmatella aurantiaca has been found on plant debris collected in ColIserola, near Barcelona (Catalonia). It belongs to myxobacteria, a group of procariotes rarely found fonuing fruiting bodies in the nature, where it may easily be confused with an immature myxomycete. It forms clusters of tiny fruiting bodies, orange coloured, on white stalks

Proposal of a production and management index (PMI) for tilapia farms

Tilapia is one of the most important species in aquaculture; however, there is no available index to show the performance of a production unit. It is desirable to assess the productivity using indexes, such as the production and management index for shrimps and the European production efficacy factor for broilers. These indexes are based on data production: growth, survival, and feed conversion of a full production cycle. Taking into account these parameters, we propose a production and management index (PMI) for tilapia that is applicable for a specific period of the production cycle. For the construction and validation of the PMI we have used production data from 8, 614 monthly records of 2 tilapia farms in Huila Department (Colombia), and because of the complexity of tilapia management, different anomalous situations have been detected and then defined as exceptions. As a result, 419 records were considered extreme values because 1 or more exceptions were met. The value of the PMI varies from 0 (the worst situation) to 3.55, which reflects high variability. We have constructed a PMI for tilapia as the product of 3 elements to obtain a positive value index. Instead of classic parameters, we had to calculate an adapted version of them: the relative average daily growth, the survival (as a complementary value of the estimated monthly mortality), and a feed conversion ratio index. To assess the utility of the PMI, some comparisons were performed using records from black and red tilapia. We observed significant differences depending on tilapia strain (PMIblack = 1.0248 vs. PMIred = 1.1661; P < 0.001), age (better values for small fish), and season (PMIrainy = 1.0847 vs. PMIdry = 1.1011; P = 0.026). According to these results, we can conclude that the PMI could be a useful tool for tilapia farmers, despite the complexity of the calculation

Upregulation of the expression of inflammatory and angiogenic markers in human adipocytes by a synthetic cannabinoid, JTE-907

Inflammation in adipose tissue is a characteristic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. It is suggested that the endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of infl ammatory and angiogenic processes within the tissue. Human subcutaneous preadipocytes (Zen Bio) were used as the source of human preadipocytes or adipocytes. Gene expression was examined by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. The secretion of infl ammation-related proteins was determined by an ELISA array. In experiments on adipocytes treated at day 14 post-diff erentiation, JTE-907, a synthetic cannabinoid, upregulated the expression of key infl ammatory markers – IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1 β – and angiogenic factors – VEGF and ANGPTL4 – at 10 μ M after 20 h of treatment, having also increased the expression of TRPV1 at 10 μ M. JTE-907 showed no eff ect after 4 h. The ELISA array showed a 2.6-fold increase in IL-6 protein release. The eff ect of JTE-907 was inhibited by AM251 (CB 1 antagonist), and partially by arachidonyl serotonin (TRPV1 and FAAH antagonist). The CB 2 antagonist, AM630, partially upregulated the eff ect of JTE-907. Preadipocytes fed 14 days after 100 % confl uence exhibited downregulation of CB 1 , MCP-1, and IL-1 β , 20 h after having been exposed to JTE-907. CB 1 and TRPV1 receptors participate in the regulation of several infl ammatory and angiogenic factors in human adipocytes, indicating their potential value as targets for the treatment of disorders related to obesity

La retirada deportiva en deportes colectivos: comparativa profesionales y amateurs

Recently researchers have increased their interest in the post sport life of the elite athletes (Park, Lavalle,and Tod 2013).  The unique economic features of each sport make interesting the comparison between them (Aquilina, 2013).The aims of this study were to analyse if the quality of the sport retirement (based on the perceived difficulties on different dimensions), the features of the sport retirement (planning, the willfulness, the type of career path and the academic level) were different between professional and amateur athletes. A cross-sectional descriptive study based on surveys was applied. An ad hoc questionnaire of closed question was answered by 127 retired elite athletes.  Fifty-three athletes were from a professional sport while seventy-four athletes were from a non-professional sport. The professional athletes experienced in a greater grade difficulties related with their working career, their family, their social network, and they lived the working integration less positively than the amateur athletes. The amateur athletes suffered more frequently economic difficulties. As it could be expected due the greater relation with sport, a higher number of professional athletes were exclusively devoted to sport, while more amateur sport combined their sport career with working. Moreover, among those who combined the sport career with studies, the professional athletes gave more frequently priority to sport.  Planning the retirement was more frequent among the professional athletes. No significant differences were found in relation with the willfulness of the sport retirement and the study level of the athletes.En los últimos tiempos han aumentado el interés por la vida de los deportistas tras su carrera en la élite (Park, Lavalle,y Tod 2013).La propia idiosincrasia económica de cada deporte hace que sean interesantes las comparaciones entre diferentes grupos (Aquilina, 2013).Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar si la calidad de la retirada deportiva, evaluada a partir de las dificultades percibidas en diferentes ámbitos, y las condiciones asociadas a la misma (planificación, voluntariedad, tipo de carrera deportiva y nivel de estudios) era diferente para los deportistas profesionales y amateurs. Se utilizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuestas, con muestreo intencional, administrando un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas, elaborado ad hoc. Participaron un total de 127 deportistas, de ellos 53 profesionales y 74 no profesionales. Los deportistas profesionales experimentaron en mayor grado dificultades relacionadas con su carrera profesional, con su familia, con su red social y vivieron su proceso de integración laboral de una forma menos positiva que los deportistas amateurs. Estos últimos, experimentaron en mayor grado dificultades económicas. Como cabría esperar debido a un vínculo más fuerte con el deporte, un mayor número de deportistas profesionales se dedicó exclusivamente al deporte, mientras que un mayor número de deportistas amateurs compaginaron deporte y trabajo. Además, entre aquellos que compatibilizaron el deporte con los estudios, más deportistas profesionales priorizaron el deporte. La planificación de la retirada fue más frecuente entre los profesionales y no se observaron diferencias en relación a la voluntariedad de la retirada ni en el nivel de estudios