46 research outputs found

    Research and Practice in Talent Identification and Development - Some Thoughts on the State of Play

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    Although there has been considerable growth in talent identification and development research, the mixed quality and lack of applied focus means little has changed in the field. We propose the Performance-Outcome-Process continuum, a structure which examines ideas based on what and how they contribute to the talent development process. Reflecting a pracademic focus we highlight the importance of understanding the processes and mechanisms of development-focused constructs to best bridge the research-practice divide. We suggest a pragmatic approach that prioritises the quality of research and the importance of applied impact; at least in research which claims to be for sport. Lay Summary: To bridge the research-practice divide in Talent Identification and Development, it is important that translational and pragmatic research becomes the norm, with progression from the retrospective studies which have been typical in this domain. Focusing on the processes and mechanisms that generate comprehensive development would seem a logical step especially for investigations that want to make a difference in applied settings

    Inhibition of Bacterial Adherence on the Surface of Stents and Bacterial Growth in Bile by Bismuth Dimercaprol

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    Bacterial infection and biofilm formation on the surface of biliary stents is believed to be one of the main factors in stent occlusion. This study explored the role of the new reagent, bismuth dimercaprol, in preventing bacterial adherence and bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of biliary stents. Sterile porcine bile preparations, infected separately with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter , and Enterococcus , were used as the perfusion media in an in vitro perfusion system. The bacterial growth in the media and the bacterial adherence on the surface of stents were tested when different concentrations of bismuth dimercaprol were used in the perfusion media. BisBAL (5 Ό M ) did not inhibit the growth of any of the tested bacterial species. It did, however, significantly decrease the amount of bacteria adhering to the surface of stents for all bacterial strains except Escherichia coli . Bismuth dimercaprol (20 Ό M ) significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Enterobacter and, thereby, significantly decreased the amount of these bacteria adhering to the surface of stents. The unique bactericidal and anitbiofilm activities of bismuth thiols might contribute to delaying the process of biliary stent occlusion if the effective concentrations of bismuth thiols could be delivered to the target sites. The feasibility of this application of bismuth thiols deserves further investigation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44439/1/10620_2005_Article_2702.pd

    Sports Participation and Juvenile Delinquency: A Meta-Analytic Review

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    Participation in sports activities is very popular among adolescents, and is frequently encouraged among youth. Many psychosocial health benefits in youth are attributed to sports participation, but to what extent this positive influence holds for juvenile delinquency is still not clear on both the theoretical and empirical level. There is much controversy on whether sports participation should be perceived as a protective or a risk factor for the development of juvenile delinquency. A multilevel meta-analysis of 51 published and unpublished studies, with 48 independent samples containing 431 effect sizes and N = 132,366 adolescents, was conducted to examine the relationship between sports participation and juvenile delinquency and possible moderating factors of this association. The results showed that there is no overall significant association between sports participation and juvenile delinquency, indicating that adolescent athletes are neither more nor less delinquent than non-athletes. Some study, sample and sports characteristics significantly moderated the relationship between sports participation and juvenile delinquency. However, this moderating influence was modest. Implications for theory and practice concerning the use of sports to prevent juvenile delinquency are discussed. Keywords Sports participation Juvenile delinquency Multilevel meta-analysis Revie

    Exploring nonverbal behavior in elite handball players: Development of the Handball Post-Shot Behavior Coding Scheme (H-PSB-CS)

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    It is hypothesized that nonverbal behaviors of team sport athletes have an important impact on the course of the game. However, quantitative research on this topic is rare, partly due to a lack of scientifically sound coding schemes developed to assess nonverbal behavior in team sports. The aim of the present study is to develop a coding scheme that measures nonverbal behaviors displayed by female handball players in the post-shot period. A preliminary coding scheme was based on existing literature and an expert panel. This coding scheme was tested during eighteen matches in Sweden’s highest handball league. Based on the results of inter- and intra-agreement analyses, further adaptations were made. The final version, the Handball Post-Shot Behavior Coding Scheme (H-PSB-CS), included the categories post-shot behavior gesture (PSB-G) with six behaviors and post-shot behavior touch (PSB-T) with five behaviors. The development of the H-PSB-CS is discussed in light of the results and provides a resource to advance behavior-focused research. In addition, it may apply to sport psychology practitioners working with nonverbal behavior in their teams

    Exploring Nonverbal Behaviors in Elite Handball: How and When do Players Celebrate?

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    This study explores nonverbal behaviors in the form of gestures and touch during elite handball matches. Based on a coding scheme, 616 post-shot periods following a goal, stemming from 18 matches, were analyzed. Results revealed that on average 2.77 nonverbal behaviors were displayed after scoring. Playoff matches resulted in a higher average of nonverbal behaviors than league matches. The more a team was leading by, the higher the overall number of nonverbal behaviors; meanwhile the overall amount of nonverbal behaviors declined over the course of a match. The results pinpoint to the situation specificity of nonverbal behaviors during ongoing matches

    The effect of parasite infection on the recombination rate of the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

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    Sexual reproduction and meiotic recombination generate new genetic combinations and may thereby help an individual infected by a parasite to protect its offspring from being infected. While this idea is often used to understand the evolutionary forces underlying the maintenance of sex and recombination, it also suggests that infected individuals should increase plastically their rate of recombination. We tested the latter idea with the mosquito Aedes aegypti and asked whether females infected by the microsporidian Vavraia culicis were more likely to have recombinant offspring than uninfected females. To measure the rate of recombination over a chromosome we analysed combinations of microsatellites on chromosome 3 in infected and uninfected females, in the (uninfected) males they copulated with and in their offspring. As predicted, the infected females were more likely to have recombinant offspring than the uninfected ones. These results show the ability of a female to diversify her offspring in response to parasitic infection by plastically increasing her recombination rate
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